INDIRECT
`FOOD
`ADDITIVES
`and POLYMERS
`· Migration and Toxicology
`
`VICTOR 0. SHEFTEL, M.D., PH.D., D.Sc.
`
`

`

`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Sheftel, Victor 0.
`Indirect food additives and polymers : migration and toxicology I by Victor 0. Sheftel.
`p. em.
`Includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 1-56670-499-5 (alk. paper)
`1. Plastics-Toxicology. 2. Food contamination. 3. Food-Packaging.
`4. Polymers-Toxicology. I. Title.
`RA1242.P66 S543 2000
`615.9'54-dc21
`
`99-089582
`CIP
`
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`© 2000 by CRC Press LLC
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`International Standard Book Number 1-56670-499-5
`Library of Congress Card Number 99-089582
`Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
`Printed on acid-free paper
`
`

`

`422
`
`Stabilizers and Antioxidants
`
`CAS No 77-85-0
`Abbreviation. THME.
`Synonyms and Trade Names. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol; Methyltrimethylol(cid:173)
`methane; Pentaglycerine; Pentaglycerol; Trimethylolethane.
`Properties. Colorless crystals. Readily soluble in water and alcohol.
`Applications. Used in the manufacture of alkyd surface coatings and polyester resins (polyurethane
`foams). Heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride resins.
`Regulations. U.S. FDA (1998) approved the use ofTHME in the manufacture of cross-linked polyester
`resins which may be used as ruticles or components ofruticles intended for repeated use in contact with food
`in accordance with the conditions prescribed in 21 CFR part 177.2420.
`
`ZINC compounds
`
`CAS No RTECS No
`5970-45-6 ZG8750000
`
`557-09-5 RI-10790000
`
`7646-85-7 ZH1400000
`
`1314-13-2 ZH4810000
`
`7733-02-0 ZH5260000
`
`Zinc acetate hydrate
`Molecular Formula. C4H604.Zn.2Hz0
`M=219.51
`Zinc caprylate
`Molecular Formula. C16H300 4.Zn
`M=351.84
`Synonym. Octanoic acid, zinc salt.
`Zinc chloride
`Molecular Formula. C12.Zn
`M= 136.27
`Trade Name. Butter of zinc.
`Zinc oxide
`Molecular Formula. ZnO
`M = 81.38
`Trade Name. Flowers of zinc; Philosopher's wool; Zinc white.
`Zinc sulfate
`Molecular Formula. 0 4S.Zn
`M=l61.43
`Synonyms and Trade Names. White vitriol; Zinc vitriol; White cooperas; CI Pigment White 7; Zinc
`blende; Zinc monosulfide.
`Properties.
`Zinc acetate dihydrate. Crystals with faint acetous odor and astringent taste. Readily soluble in water
`and alcohol.
`Zinc caprylate. Crystalline substance. Sparingly soluble in boiling water.
`Zinc nitrate. Colorless crystalline solid.
`Zinc oxide. White or cream, fine and soft powder with faint odor. Hexagonal crystals. Poorly soluble in
`water and ethanol.
`Zinc sulfate monohydrate. Powder or granules. Soluble in water, poorly soluble in alcohol.
`Zinc sulfide. Colorless hexagonal or cubic crystals. Solubility in water is 7.0 mg/1 at l8°C.
`Zinc salts, such as zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, zinc sulfate are soluble in water. Levels in drinking water
`above 3.0 mg/1 give an undesirable astringent taste and may result in discoloration. The threshold perception
`concentration for the effect on the organoleptic properties of water is 5.0 mg/1. Cohen eta!. showed that
`5.0% of the population distinguish water not containing zinc from water containing it (as zinc sulfate) at a
`concentration of 4.3 mg/1. 1 At a concentration more thru1 5.0 mg/1, water becomes opalescent, and an oily
`film may fonn on boiling.
`Zinc hydrosulfite. White amorphous solid with the slight odor of sulphur dioxide. Readily soluble in
`water ( 400 g/1 at 20°C).
`Applications. Zinc compounds are widely used as stabilizers.
`
`