`
`(19) Japan Patent Office (JP)
` (12) Public Patent (A)
` (11) Pub. No.
` Appl. No. 2003‐104870
`(P2003‐104870A)
`(43) Pub. Date: April 9, 2003 (2003. 4. 9)
`(51) Int. Cl. / Identification / FI / Theme code (Reference)
` Request for review
`
`Unclaimed
`
`Number of claims 6 OL (17 total)
`
`(21) Application Number Appl. No. 2001‐302613(P2001‐302613)
` (22) Application Date
`September 28, 2001 (2001.9.28)
` (71) Applicant
`
`000115991
`ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
`8‐1 Tatsumi‐nishi Itchōme, Ikuno‐ku, Osaka‐shi, Japan
`(72) Inventor
`
`Yuka Kiyobayashi
`8‐1 Tatsumi‐nishi Itchōme, Ikuno‐ku, Osaka‐shi, Japan
`Within ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
`(74) Representative
`100062144
`Attorney Shigeru Aoyama (with two others)
` F term (Reference)
`4C076 AA12 BB21 BB24 CC10 DD09
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`DD22 DD23 DD24 DD30 DD37
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`DD41 DD43 FF36 FF39 FF63
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`(54) [TITLE OF INVENTION] AQUEOUS COMPOSITION
`
`(57) [ABSTRACT]
` [SUBJECT] To provide a safe aqueous composition that possesses a stable and superior
`preservative effectiveness.
`
`[SOLUTION] An aqueous composition, characterized in that it contains sorbic acid or its
`salts and zinc salt, such as zinc sulfate or zinc salt of oxycarboxylic acid, by making an
`aqueous composition coexist that contains sorbic acid or its salts with zinc salt, such as zinc
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`1
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`sulfate or zinc salt of oxycarboxylic acid, a method to improve the preservative
`effectiveness of said aqueous composition.
` [PATENT CLAIMS]
`[Claim 1] An aqueous composition characterized in that it contains sorbic acid or its
`salts and zinc salt.
`[Claim 2] An aqueous composition as described in claim 1, wherein the zinc salts are
`selected from zinc salt of carboxylic acids and zinc sulfate.
`[Claim 3] Moreover, an aqueous composition as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein it
`further contains monoterpenes.
`[Claim 4] One of the aqueous compositions as described in claims 1~3, wherein it is
`an aqueous composition for mucous application.
`[Claim 5] One of the aqueous compositions as described in claims 1~4, wherein it is
`for ophthalmological use.
`[Claim 6] A method to enhance antibacterial activity by adding zinc salt to the
`aqueous composition, which contains sorbic acid or its salt.
` [DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION]
`[0001]
`[Field of the Invention]
`The present invention relates to an aqueous composition having improved
`antibacterial activity.
`[0002]
`[Prior Art]
`Preservatives (pasteurization, hydrostatic bacteria agents) are added to aqueous
`compositions of pharmaceutical products and cosmetics to prevent contamination
`by microorganisms. The type of preservatives to be used is selected based on
`suitability, taking into consideration the stimulus level in relation to the type of
`composition or the level of antibacterial effect. For example, for ophthalmological
`aqueous compositions such as eye drops, one or two more types of cationic
`surfactants such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chlorhexidine
`gluconate, amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl polyaminoethyl glycine, parabens,
`chlorobutanol, and sorbic acid, etc. can be combined for use as preservatives. Within
`these, sorbic acid or its salts, in comparison to other preservatives such as
`benzalkonium chloride, is used in various fields due to having less potential of
`damage to corneal epithelial cells, including extensively as ophthalmologic aqueous
`composition. However, there was a problem of its having low antimicrobial action.
`Also, the antimicrobial action was low especially at a high pH, and there was a
`problem of it not being able to achieve a stable preservative effect.
` [0003] Hitherto, to solve this kind of problem, a buffer with a high preservative
`effect such as boric acid was simultaneously combined, or a pharmaceutical device
`such as combining a flavor as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or its salts (JP‐
`A‐H11‐292793) is used, but the effect was insufficient, and a method to stably
`improve the preservative effectiveness of sorbic acid or its salts was strongly
`desired. This kind of method gives various uses to sorbic acid or its salts that
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`function as a preservative for aqueous composition, and is also useful not only to the
`medicinal but also to the cosmetic field, making it possible to provide an aqueous
`composition whose preservative effectiveness is stably heightened.
` [0004]
`[The problem that the invention attempts to solve] The goal of the present invention
`is to provide an aqueous composition that contains sorbic acid or its salts that
`presents high preservative effectiveness and high safety.
` [0005]
`[Means to solve the problem] The inventors, as a result of diligently investigating in
`order to accomplish the aforementioned goal, came to the completion of this
`invention by aptly combining an aqueous composition or its salts with zinc sulfate
`and zinc salt such as that of carboxylic acids, at which point said composition
`produces an unexpectedly high preservative effectiveness.
` [0006] That is to say, this invention is regarding: (1) an aqueous composition
`characterized in that it contains sorbic acid or its salt and zinc salt, (2) an aqueous
`composition listed in (1) characterized in that its zinc salt is chosen from zinc salts
`of carboxylic acids and zinc sulfate, (3) an aqueous composition listed in (1) or (2)
`characterized in that it contains monoterpenes, (4) one of the aqueous compositions
`listed in (1)~(3) characterized in that it is a composition for mucous application, (5)
`one of the aqueous compositions listed in (1)~(4) characterized in that it is an
`ophthalmological composition, and (6) a method for enhancing antibacterial activity
`by adding zinc salt to aqueous composition that contains sorbic acid or its salts.
` [0007]
`[The form of execution of the invention] Within this detailed statement, unless
`otherwise noted, % means w/v %. Also the phrase contact lens (CL), unless
`otherwise noted, includes all types of lenses such as hard, oxygen‐permeable hard,
`and soft.
` [0008] Sorbic acid, or salts allowed pharmacologically or physiologically, may be
`used as sorbic acid or its salts. Salts allowed pharmacologically or physiologically
`may be used as sorbic acid or its salts can be illustrated as, for example, salts with
`organic base (e.g. methylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, morpholine,
`piperazine, pyrrolidine, amino acid, polypyridine, picoline, and such salts with
`organic amine), salts with an inorganic base (e.g. alkaline metals such as ammonium
`salts, sodium, and potassium, alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium,
`and salts with metal such as aluminum). Specifically, there are sorbic acid,
`potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, and triclocarban sorbate. Preferably salts with
`an inorganic base or sorbic acid that is especially sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, or
`sodium sorbate is ideal. Sorbic acid or its salts could be used individually or
`combined with two or more types.
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`[0009] The amount of sorbic acid or its salts used in the present invention differs
`depending on the composition’s status, apt method of use, the type of compound,
`etc.; however, it is generally in the range of 0.0001~10%. More in depth, in the case
`of aqueous compositions for internal use it is within the range of 0.001~10%,
`preferably 0.01~5%, and more preferably 0.001~1%, in the case of aqueous
`compositions for external use it is generally in the range of 0.0001~2%, preferably
`0.001~1%, and more preferably 0.005~0.05, and in the case of aqueous
`compositions for mucous application it is generally in the range of 0.0001~10%,
`preferably 0.001~5%, and more preferably 0.01~1%.
` [0010] As zinc salt, zinc salt of carboxylic acids, such as lactate zinc, zinc glycolate,
`zinc hydroxyl acid, zinc glycerate, zinc maleate, zinc tartrate, zinc citrate, or zinc
`sulfate can be used. And ideal salt is zinc lactate, zinc sulfate, and others. Zinc lactate
`or zinc sulfate also functions as an astringent and the stimulus is low even if given to
`mucous membrane that is sensitive to ocular membrane stimulus, therefore is ideal
`for use as aqueous composition for membrane application, such as eye wash or
`nasal drops, and within these is ideal for use in ophthalmological composition due to
`its high safety level.
` [0011] The amount of zinc salt used in the aqueous composition in the present
`invention differs depending on the composition’s status, apt method of use, the type
`of compound, etc.; however, it is generally in the range of 0.0001~5%. In more
`detail, in the case of aqueous composition for internal use, it is in the range of
`0.0001~5%, preferably 0.0005~1%, more preferably 0.002~0.5%, and in the case
`of aqueous composition for external use 0.0005~5%, preferably 0.001~2%, more
`preferably 0.01~0.5%, in the case of aqueous composition for use for mucous
`membrane (aqueous liquid medicine) 0.0001~5%, preferably 0.001~2%, and more
`preferably 0.005~0.5%. The zinc salt can be used alone or by combining two or
`more kinds.
` [0012] The ratio between the sorbic acid or its salts and zinc salt differs depending
`on the composition’s status, apt method of use, the type of compound, etc.; however
`generally to one part of weight of sorbic acid or its salts, one can employ
`0.0001~1000 parts of weight, preferably 0.0005~500 parts of weight, more
`preferably 0.001~50 parts of weight, and most preferably 0.001~50 parts of weight
`of zinc salt.
` [0013] The present invention is based on the observation that by making sorbic acid
`or its salts and zinc salt coexist within an aqueous composition, an unpredictably
`high antibacterial effect is produced for each independently. The composition of the
`present invention, as long as this antibacterial activity is needed, is appropriate for
`use in various fields such as medicine, quasi‐pharmaceutical products, cosmetics,
`and food products.
` [0014] The form of the aqueous composite of this invention, so long as it is a
`composite that includes water, is discretionary and can take on various forms
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`depending on the goal. For example, jelly, liquid, and semisolid (ointments, etc.) are
`all acceptable forms. Specifically, compositions for oral use such as medicine in jelly
`form, liquid medicine, soft capsules etc. or compositions for mucous membrane
`application such as liquid medicine and semisolid preparation (ointments). Because
`the aqueous composition of the present invention requires a high, stable
`preservative power and superior safety, it is ideal for internal use, dermatological
`use, mucous membrane application, and contact lenses. In particular, it is ideal for
`use as an agent for application for ocular mucous membrane, nasal mucosa, oral
`mucosa, large intestine mucous membrane, etc., and of them is especially ideal for
`use for ocular mucous membrane application.
`Also, since sorbic acid has almost no adhesiveness to contact lenses, it is effective as
`all sorts of liquid medicine for contact lenses, including not only a formulation for
`direct use on ocular mucous membrane while putting on or using contact lenses, but
`also as liquid medicine for contact lenses for indirect application.
` [0015] As specific examples of an aqueous composition of the present invention,
`beginning with internal medicine and external medicine, we can also list medical
`products, food products and cosmetics that are aqueous compositions for
`ophthalmological use or otorhinolaryngological use. As even more specific examples
`there are eye drops (including eye drops that can be used while wearing contacts),
`eye wash (medicine) (including eye wash that can be used while wearing contacts),
`eye ointment (medicine), contact lens wetting solution, medicine for contact lenses
`(lotion, soaking solution, cleaning/soaking solution, antiseptic solution
`(multipurpose solution, etc.) etc.), nose drops, solutions used for nasal irrigation, etc.
`The aqueous composition of the present invention is especially effective for
`ophthalmological use such as eye drops, eye wash, and medicine for contact lenses.
` [0016] The aqueous composition of the present invention can include at least one
`type of monoterpene to enhance antibacterial activity. Monoterpene to be included
`in the aqueous composition of the present invention could be menthol, camphor,
`borneol, geraniol, cineole, anethole, limonene, eugenol, etc. These monoterpenes can
`be d configuration, l configuration, or dl configuration, but taking into consideration
`sensual aspects such as a cool sensation and scents and safety, l‐menthol, d‐menthol,
`dl‐menthol, d‐camphor, dl‐camphor, d‐borneol and dl‐borneol are preferable.
`Geraniol, l‐menthol, d‐camphor and d‐borneol are especially preferable. Also the
`aforementioned monoterpenes can be used in a form containing refined oil,
`preferable refined oils being eucalyptus oil, bergamot oil, peppermint oil, cool mint
`oil, spearmint oil, etc. These monoterpenes can be used by choosing one or two or
`more kinds.
` [0017] The density of monoterpenes within the aqueous composition of the present
`invention differs depending on the composite’s status, apt method of use, the type of
`composition, etc., but ordinarily the range is 0.00001~0.1 weight %, and preferably
`0.00001~0.05 weight %.
`
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`[0018] The ratio between sorbic acid or its salt and monoterpenes differs depending
`on the composition’s status, apt method of use, the type of composition, etc., but
`ordinarily for every 1 part weight of sorbic acid or its salts there will be 0.0001~100
`part weight of monoterpenes, preferably 0.0005~50 part weight, or more
`preferably 0.002~10 part weight, and most preferably 0.02~5 part weight.
` [0019] The aqueous composition of the present invention not only is a general
`component, but also can be combined with boric acid and/or sodium borate to
`strengthen the antibacterial power. It can also be ideally applied to citric acid
`and/or its salts. In the case of combining the aqueous composition of this invention
`with boric acid and/or sodium borate, its volume of use differs depending on the
`composition’s status, apt method of use, etc., but ordinarily the density of boric acid
`is 0.1~2%, preferably 0.2~1%, and the density of sodium borate is 0.01~1%, and
`most preferably 0.02~0.05%. Also, in the case of combining the aqueous
`composition of this invention with citric acid or its salts, its volume of use differs
`depending on the composition’s status, apt method use, etc., but ordinarily the
`density of citric acid is 0.0005~2%, preferably 0.001~0.5%, and the density of
`citrate is 0.001~5%, and most preferably 0.005~2%. As citric acid salts, sodium
`citrate is especially ideal. In the case of using these simultaneously, the
`aforementioned ideal range can be used to combine them.
` [0020] The aqueous composition of the present invention, so long as it does not
`hinder the effect of the invention, can be combined and can include various
`components (including pharmacologically active components, bioactive
`components) as well as sorbic acid or its salts, and zinc salt. There is no particular
`restriction for the type of component, for example decongestant component, alpha
`adrenalin agent, anti‐inflammatory drug component, vitamins, amino acids, sugars,
`local anesthesia component, steroid component, antihistamine drug component or
`anti‐allergy drug component, cellulose or its derivatives or its salts, polysaccharides
`or its derivatives, etc. Ideal components in the present invention are some of the
`following:
` [0021] Decongestant components: epinephrine, ephedrine, tetrahydrozoline,
`naphazoline, phenylephrine, methyl‐ephedrine, and their salts, etc. alpha adrenergic
`drugs: for example, imidazoline derivatives (naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, etc.),
`beta phenylethylamine derivatives (phenylephrine, epinephrine, ephedrine, methyl‐
`ephedrine, etc.), and pharmacologically or physiologically acceptable salts (e.g.
`naphazoline hydrochloride, naphazoline nitrate, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride,
`tetrahydrozoline nitrate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, epinephrine hydrochloride,
`ephedrine hydrochloride, methyl‐ephedrine hydrochloride and such inorganic acid
`salts; epinephrine hydrogen tartrate and such organic acid salts), etc.
` [0022] Anti‐inflammatory medicine ingredients: indomethacin, diclofenac,
`diclofenac sodium, pranoprofen, piroxicam, epsilon‐aminocaproic acid, berberine
`and pharmacologically acceptable salts (e.g. chloride berberine and berberine
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`sulfate), lysozyme, lysozyme chloride, methyl salicylate, allantoin, glycyrrhizic acid,
`dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, or glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt.
` [0023] Antihistamine medicine components or anti‐allergic drug components:
`chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, iproheptine, ketotifen, emedastine,
`clemastine, azelastine, levocabastine, olopatadine, clomoglicic acid, tranilast,
`amlexanox, mequitazine, ibudilast, suplatast, pemirolast, chlorpheniramine maleate,
`diphenhydramine hydrochloride, iproheptine hydrochloride, ketotifen fumarate,
`emedastine fumarate, clemastine fumarate, azelastine hydrochloride, levocabastine
`hydrochloride, olopatadine hydrochloride, sodium cromoglicate.
` [0024] Vitamins, for example vitamin A [e.g. retinal, retinol, retinoic acid, carotene,
`dehydroretinal, lycopene and such salts (e.g. example retinol acetate, palmitic acid
`retinol etc.) that are pharmacologically acceptable, etc.], vitamin B [thiamine
`hydrochloride, thiamine nitrate, bisthiamine nitrate, thiamine disulfide, Thiamine
`dicetyl nitrate salt, dicethiamine hydrochloride, fursultiamine hydrochloride,
`octotiamine, cycotiamine, bisibutiamine, bisbentiamine, fursultiamine,
`prosultiamine, benfotiamine, flavin adenine dinucleotide sodium, riboflavin,
`riboflavin sodium phosphate, riboflavin butyrate, pyridoxine hydrochloride,
`pyridoxal phosphate, hydro cyanocobalamin hydrochloride, hydroxocobalamin
`acetate, cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide,
`panthenol, calcium pantothenate, sodium pantothenate, biotin, etc.]
`Vitamin C: [ascorbic acid and its derivatives, erythorbic acid and its derivatives, and
`their pharmacologically accepted salts (e.g. sodium ascorbate, sodium erythorbate,
`etc.) etc.], Vitamin D [e.g. ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, hydroxycholecalciferol,
`dihydrotachysterol and their pharmacologically accepted salts, etc.) etc.], vitamin E
`[e.g. tocopherol and its derivates, derivatives of ubiquinone and its
`pharmacologically accepted salts (tocopherol acetate, tocopherol nicotinate,
`tocopherol succinate, tocopherol calcium succinate, etc.) etc.], other vitamins [e.g.
`carnitine, ferulic acid, gamma‐oryzanol, orotic acid, rutin, eriocitrin, hesperidin and
`their pharmacologically accepted salts (e.g. carnitine chloride, etc.) etc.].
` [0025] Amino acids: for example, leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, threonine,
`alanine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, lysine, glycine, aspartate, aspartate acid, serine,
`glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, tyrosine, cysteine, histidine, ornithine,
`hydroxiproline, hydroxylysine, glycylglycine, aminoethanesulfonic (taurine) or its
`salts (e.g. potassium aspartate, magnesium aspartate, cysteine hydrochloride, etc.)
`etc.
` [0026] Sugars: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose, etc.), disaccharides (e.g. trehalose,
`lactose, fructose, etc.), oligosaccharides (lactulose, raffinose, pullulan, etc.), cellulose
`or its derivates (e.g. methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxiethyl cellulose,
`hydroxipropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, etc.),
`polymer carbohydrates (e.g. chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid etc.) and its
`pharmacologically accepted salts (e.g. sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium
`hyaluronic acetate, etc.), sugar alcohols (e.g. mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol, etc.) etc.
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` [0027] Local anesthetic drug ingredients: lidocaine, oxyprocaine, dibucaine,
`procaine, benzocaine, meprylcaine and their salts (sodium lidocaine, sodium
`oxyprocaine etc.) etc.
`Steroids: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and their salts, etc.
` [0028] Cellulose or its derivatives or their salts: methylcellulose, ethylcellulose,
`hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose,
`carboxyl methylcellulose, carboxyl ethylcellulose, cellulose, etc.
` [0029] Polysaccharides or its derivatives: gum arabic, gum karaya, xanthan gum,
`carob gum, guar gum, guaiac resin, quinn seed, gum dalman, toragacanth,
`gum benzoin, locust bean gum, casein, agar, alginic acid, dextrin, dextran,
`carrageenan, gelatin, collagen, pectin, starch, polygalacturonic acid (alginic acid),
`chitin and its derivatives, chitosan and its derivates, elastin, heparin, heparinoid,
`heparin sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate or its salts
`(alginic acid, sodium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, etc.) etc.
`Other ingredients: polynyl alcohol (complete or partially hydrolyzed),
`polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.
` [0030] Within the aqueous composition, the combination portions of these
`ingredients are appropriately chosen based on the type of medicine, the type of
`active components, etc. and the combination portion of each ingredient for internal
`use, dermatological use, membrane medicine is already known to said technical field.
`For example, of the entire medicine one can select of a range of about 0.001%~10%,
`or more specifically, the combination ratio for the composites within the aqueous
`composite for use for the ocular‐membrane will be the following:
` [0031] Decongestant compositions (vasoconstrictor or sympathomimetic drugs):
`for example, 0.0001~0.5%, preferably 0.0005~0.3%, and more preferably
`0.001~0.1%. Anti‐inflammatory drug ingredients or astringents: for example,
`0.0001~10%, preferably 0.0001~5%. Antihistamine drug ingredients or anti‐
`allergy drug ingredients: for example, 0.0001~10%, preferably 0.001~5%.
`Vitamins: for example, 0.0001~1%, ideally 0.0001~0.5%. Amino acids: for example,
`0.0001~10%, preferably 0.001~3%. Sugars: for example, 0.0001~5%, preferably
`0.001~5%, more preferably 0.01~2%. Local anesthetic drug ingredients: for
`example, 0.001~1%, preferably 0.01~1%. Cellulose or its derivatives or their salts:
`for example, 0.001~5%, preferably 0.01~1%. Polysaccharides or their derivatives:
`for example, 0.0001~2%, preferably 0.01~2%, more preferably 0.01~1%.
`Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol: for example, 0.001~10%, preferably
`0.001~5%, more preferably 0.01~3%.
` [0032] Moreover, the aqueous composite of this invention, according to desire,
`could include antimicrobial component or sterilizing component. Specifically as
`antimicrobial component or sterilizing component, sulfonamide acid
`(sulfamethoxazole, Sulfisoxazole, sulfisomidine or its pharmacologically accepted
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`salts (sulfisoxazole sodium, sulfisomidine sodium, etc.), acrinol, fourth‐level
`ammonium compounds (e.g., benzalconium, benzetonium, cetylpyridinium), and
`pharmacologically accepted salts (benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride,
`cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide etc.), alchilpolyaminoechylglycin,
`new quinolone agent (lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin,
`norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, etc), bugianides (polyhexamethylene
`biguanide, chlorhexidine or its salt, etc.), berberine or its salt, polydronium chloride,
`Glokill (product name, made by Rhodia Corp.), polydiallyldimethyl ammonium
`chloride, poly [oxyethylene (dimethyl imino) ethylene‐(dimethyl iminio)
`ethylendichlorid], or parabens (methyl benzoate, amino methyl benzoate) could be
`used.
` [0033] The aqueous composition of the present invention can contain these
`antibacterial drugs or ingredients of antibacterial drugs or germicides at a density of
`0.001~10%, preferably 0.01~10%.
` [0034] The aqueous composition of this invention for ophthalmological use, is not
`limited to a specific form as long as it maintains a superior antibacterial effect, and
`can be formulated into various dosage forms in conjunction with various carriers
`(aqueous carrier, hydrophilic carrier, oily carrier, liquid carrier, etc.) depending on
`the goal, such as liquid medicine, or semisolid medicine (ointment). However, due to
`its convenience in usage, liquid form is preferred.
` [0035] Also, the aqueous composition of the present invention, as long as it is in the
`range where the invention results are not lost, depending on use and form, various
`ingredients or additives can be chosen properly, one or more kinds may be used and
`contained simultaneously according to the usual method. Those ingredients or
`additives could be various additives, for example, carriers that are usually used in
`producing semisolid medicine or liquid medicine (water, aqueous solvents, aqueous
`or oily base, etc.), thickening agents, surfactants, preservatives, germicides,
`antibacterial medicine, pH regulators, tonicity agents, inorganic salts, chelating
`agents, buffers, solubilizers, suspending agents, emulsifiers, antioxidants, flavors, etc.
` [0036] Listed below are, but not limited to, representative components used in the
`aqueous composite of this invention:
` [0037] Thickening agents: for example, polysaccharides or their derivatives (gum
`arabic, gum karaya, xanthan gum, carob gum, guar gum, guaiac resin, quinn seed,
`gum dalman, toragacanth, gum benzoin, locust bean gum, casein, agar, alginic acid,
`dextrin, dextran, carrageenan, gelatin, collagen, pectin, starch, polygalacturonic acid
`(alginic acid), chitin and its derivatives, chitosan and its derivates, elastin, heparin,
`heparinoid, heparin sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate),
`ceramide, cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxiethyl
`cellulose, hydroxipropyl cellulose, hydroxipropyl methylcellulose,
`carboximethylcellulose, carboxiethylcellulose, cellulose, etc.), polyvinyl alcohol
`(complete or partially hydrolyzed), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylmetaacrilate,
`
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`polyacrylic acid, carboxyvinyl polymer, polyethyleneimine, ribonucleic acid,
`dioxyribonucleic acid, etc., and their pharmacologically accepted salts.
` [0038] Sugars: for example, glucose, fructose, galactose, manose, ribose, ribrose,
`arabinose, chithylose, riquisose, dioxyribose, maltose, toreharose, sucrose,
`therobiose, lactose, pullulan, lactrose, rafinose, maltitole, etc. and their
`pharmacologically accepted salts, etc.
` [0039] Surfactants: for example, non‐iron surfactants such as POE sorbitan fatty
`acid esters such as polyoxyetilen (POE) – polyoxypropin (POP), block copolymer
`(e.g. poloxamer 407, poloxamer 235, poloxamer 188, etc.), ethylenediamine of
`polyoxyethylene‐polyoxypropilen block copolymer addition (e.g. polychithamine),
`mono lauryl acid POE (20) sorbitan (polysorbate 20), monooleate POE (20) sorbitan
`(polysorbate 80), etc., POE hydrogenated castor oil such as POE (60) hydrogenated
`castor oil, POE alkyl ethers such as POE (9) lauryl ether, POE‐POP alkyl ethers such
`as cethyl ether, POE alkyl phenyl ethers such as POE (10) nonylphenyl ether;
`amphoteric surfactants such as glycine forms such as alkyl diaminoethyl glycine,
`acetic acid betaine forms such as lauryl dimethyl amino acetic acid betaine,
`imidazoline forms; anionic surfactants such as POE alkyl ether phosphate and its
`salts such as POE (10) sodium lauryl ether phosphate, N‐ethyl amino acid salts such
`as sodium lauroyl methyl alanine, alkyl ether carboxylate, N‐ethyl taurine salts such
`as N‐sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sulfonic vinegar acids such as sodium
`tetradecene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate such as sodium lauryl sulfate, POE alkyl ether
`sulfate such as POE (3) sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alpha olefin sulfonates; cationic
`surfactants such as alkylamine salt, alkyl fourth‐level ammonium salt
`(benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, etc.), alkylpyridinium salts
`(cetylpyridinium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, etc.), etc. Furthermore, the
`numbers in the parentheses describe the number of moles added.
` [0040] Preservatives, germicides, or antibacterial agent: for example,
`paraoxybenzoic acid (methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propyl parahydroxybenzoate,
`butyl parahydroxybenzoate, etc.), acrinol, methylrosaniline chloride,
`benzalconium chloride, cetylpyridinium bromide, chlorhexidine,
`polyhexamethylene biguanide, alkylpolyaminoethyl glycine, benzyl alcohol, fenetil
`alcohol, chlorobuthanol, dehydroacetic acid, chrolxylenol, chlorofen, resoltin, timol,
`lactoferin, toriclosan, 8‐hydroxychinolin, undethilen acid, caprile acid, propion acid,
`benzoin acid, propion acid, harocalban, thiabendazol, polymixin B, 5‐chloro‐2‐
`methyl‐4‐isothyazolin‐3‐on, 2‐methyl‐4‐isothyazolin‐3‐on, polylidin, hydrogen
`peroxide, polydronium chloride, Glokill (product name for example Glokill PQ, made
`by Rhodia Corp.), polydiaryldimethyl ammonium chloride, poly [oxyethylene
`(dimetyliminnio) etilen‐ (dimetyliminnio) etlenj chloride, polyethylene polyamine,
`dymethylamin epichrolhidrine polycondensate (product name, for example Busan
`1157, made by Buckman Laboratories Corp.), etc.
` [0041] pH generator: for example, inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,
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`phosphate, polyphosphate, boric acid, etc.), organic acid (lactic acid, acetic acid,
`citric acid, tartaric acid, maliec acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, fumaric
`acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, aspartic acid, epsilon‐aminocaproic acid, glutamic
`acid, aminoethanesulfonic acid, etc.), gluconolactone, citric ammonium, inorganic
`salt base (sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium
`hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc.), organic salt base (mono
`ethanol amine, tri ethanol amine, ditho propanol amine, tritho propanol amine,
`lysine, etc.), sodium borate, and their pharmacologically accepted salts.
` [0042] Tonicity agents: for example, glycerin, polyvalence alcohol such as propylene
`glycol, sugars (glucose, mannitol, sorbitol), etc.
` [0043] Inorganic salts: for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium
`carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium
`phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate,
`sodium thiosulfate, sodium acetate, etc.
` [0044] Flavors or cooling agents: for example, menthol, kanful, bolneol, gelaniol,
`eucalyptus oil, bergamot oil, fennel oil, mentha oil, cinnamon oil, rose oil,
`peppermint oil, etc.
` [0045] The aqueous composition of the present invention may have to be adjusted
`to the pH and/or osmotic pressure within the range depending on necessity. The
`appropriate pH and osmotic pressure depend on applicable parts, dosage form, etc.
`however generally is pH 3.0~10.0, preferably 4.0~8.5, more preferably 4.0~7.0. The
`osmotic pressure is about 100~1200 mOsm, preferably 100~600 mOsm, and more
`preferably 150~450 mOsm, and the osmotic pressure ratio to physiological saline
`solution is generally about 0.3~4.1, preferably 0.3~2.1, more preferably 0.5~1.4.
`Especially if the aqueous composition is an ophthalmological composition, to diffuse
`the stimulus, generally the pH should be 4.0~9.0, preferably 4.0~8.0, more
`preferably 4.0~7.0; the osmotic pressure should be 100~1200 mOsm, preferably
`100~600 mOsm, more preferably 150~400 mOsm; the osmotic pressure ratio to
`physiological saline solution is generally in the range of 0.4~4.0, preferably 0.6~2.5,
`more preferably 0.8~1.6. Moreover, the pH can be adjusted using buffers,
`aforementioned pH generators, aforementioned tonicity agents, aforementioned
`inorganic salts, etc.
` [0046] Here, buffers could be boric acid buffers, phosphate buffers, carbonate
`buffers, citric acid buffers, acetic acid buffers, epsilon‐aminocaproic acid, aspartate
`vinegar salt, etc. These buffers can be combined for use. The ideal buffers are boric
`acid buffers, phosphoric acid buffers, carbonate buffers, and citric acid buffers.
`Particularly ideal buffers are boric acid buffers, citric acid buffers, or phosphate
`buffers. As boric acid buffers, boric acid salts such as alkali metal borate, alkaline‐
`earth metal borates can be used. As citric acid buffers, alkali metal salts of citric acid
`can be used. As phosphoric acid buffers, phosphate salts such as alkali metal
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`phosphate, alkaline‐earth metal phosphates can be used. Also in place of boric acid
`buffers, citric acid buffers, and or phosphoric acid buffers, a hydrate such as borate,
`citrate, or phosphate can be used. More specifically, they could be boric ac