`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· ·UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`· · ·BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`·2· ·-----------------------------------------X
`· · ·TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION,
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`·4· · · · · · · · · · ·Petitioner,
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`·5· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·IPR2013-00412
`· · ·VS.· · · · · · · · · · · ·IPR2013-00413
`·6· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·IPR2013-00416
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`·7
`· · ·AMERICAN VEHICULAR SCIENCES, LLC,
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`· · · · · · · · · · · ·Patent Owner.
`·9· ·-----------------------------------------X
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`12· · · · · · · · · DEPOSITION OF
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`13· · · · ·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.
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`14· · · · · · ·Monday, February 24, 2014
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`15· · · · · · · · New York, New York
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`23· ·Reported By:
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`24· ·LINDA J. GREENSTEIN
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`25· ·JOB NO. 89371
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`800.211.DEPO (3376)800.211.DEPO (3376)
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`IPR2013-00424 - Ex. 1022
`Toyota Motor Corp., Petitioner
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · · · · · · · · February 24, 2014
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`·2· · · · · · · · · · · 9:00 A.M.
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`·7· · · · · · · Deposition of NIKOLAOS
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`·8· ·PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D., taken by Patent
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`·9· ·Owner, pursuant to Notice, held at Kenyon &
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`10· ·Kenyon, L.L.P., One Broadway, New York, New
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`11· ·York, before Linda J. Greenstein, a
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`12· ·Certified Shorthand Reporter and Notary
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`13· ·Public of the State of New York.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· ·A P P E A R A N C E S:
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`·2
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`·4· ·KENYON & KENYON, L.L.P.
`· · ·Attorneys for Petitioner
`·5· · · · · · One Broadway
`· · · · · · · New York, New York 10004-1007
`·6
`· · ·BY:· · · MATT BERKOWITZ, ESQ.
`·7· · · · · · 212.908.6462
`· · · · · · · mberkowtiz@kenyon.com
`·8
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`·9
`· · ·McANDREWS, HELD & MALLOY, LTD.
`10· ·Attorneys for American Vehicular Sciences,
`· · ·LLC
`11· · · · · · 500 West Madison Street
`· · · · · · · 34th Floor
`12· · · · · · Chicago, Illinois 60661
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`13· ·BY:· · · CHRISTOPHER M. SCHARFF, ESQ.
`· · · · · · · 312.775.8000
`14· · · · · · cscharff@mcandrews-ip.com
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`17· ·Also Present:
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`· · ·McAndrews, Held & Malloy, Ltd.
`19· ·Thomas J. Wimbiscus, Esq.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`4
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`·1· · · · · · · · ·STIPULATIONS
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`·2
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`·3· · · ·IT IS HEREBY STIPULATED AND AGREED
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`·4· ·by and between counsel for the respective
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`·5· ·parties hereto, that the sealing, filing
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`·6· ·and certification of the within
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`·7· ·Deposition(s) may be signed and sworn to
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`·8· ·before any officer authorized to administer
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`·9· ·an oath with the same force and effect as
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`10· ·if signed and sworn to before the officer
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`11· ·before whom said Deposition(s) was (were)
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`12· ·taken;
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`14· · · ·IT IS FURTHER STIPULATED AND AGREED,
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`15· ·that all objections, except as to the form,
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`16· ·are reserved to the trial.
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`19· ·*· · · · · · · · · *· · · · · · · · ·*
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`5
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`·1· · · · ·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.
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`·2· ·having been first duly sworn, was examined
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`·3· ·and testified as follows:
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`·4· ·EXAMINATION BY
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`·5· ·MR. SCHARFF:
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`·6· · · · Q.· · Good morning.
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`·7· · · · · · · Could you please state your name
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`·8· ·and spell it for the record, please.
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`·9· · · · A.· · Yes.· My name is Nikos
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`10· ·Papanikolopoulos, N-I-K-O-S
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`11· ·P-A-P-A-N-I-K-O-L-O-P-O-U-L-O-S.
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`12· · · · Q.· · And what's your home address?
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`13· · · · A.· · Is 4125 Garfield,
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`14· ·G-A-R-F-I-E-L-D -- like the cartoon
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`15· ·character -- Minneapolis, Minnesota 55409.
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`16· · · · Q.· · And how old are you today?
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`17· · · · A.· · 49.· Almost 50.
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`18· · · · Q.· · You've been retained by Toyota
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`19· ·to serve as an expert in an Inter Parte's
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`20· ·Review Proceeding; is that correct?
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`21· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`22· · · · Q.· · And, in particular, that's IPR
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`23· ·numbers 2013 00419 and 00424.
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`24· · · · · · · Is that right?
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`25· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`6
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · Q.· · And so if I refer to those IPR
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`·3· ·numbers today just by the last three
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`·4· ·numbers, as the 419 and the 424, will you
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`·5· ·understand what I'm referring to?
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`·6· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`·7· · · · · · · Do you want me to use the same
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`·8· ·or I should use the patent number?
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`·9· · · · Q.· · Whichever is convenient for you,
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`10· ·but I'll probably refer to them mostly by
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`11· ·the IPR numbers.· But when I'm asking you
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`12· ·to look at a particular patent, I'll refer
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`13· ·to the patent number.
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`14· · · · · · · Just so you understand too,
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`15· ·based on the agreement of the parties,
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`16· ·we're going to have a single transcript
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`17· ·that's going to cover both of these IPRs,
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`18· ·and there's going to be some overlap on
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`19· ·questions like your background and some
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`20· ·things like that.
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`21· · · · · · · But when I'm talking about a
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`22· ·specific IPR matter number, I'll call it
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`23· ·out by number; and when I'm referring to a
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`24· ·specific declaration or specific patent,
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`25· ·I'll call it out.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`7
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · · · · But if you have any questions
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`·3· ·about which one I'm talking about, please
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`·4· ·speak up and let me know.
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`·5· · · · A.· · Sure.
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`·6· · · · Q.· · Are you aware that Toyota and
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`·7· ·AVS are currently involved in patent
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`·8· ·litigation in the Eastern District of
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`·9· ·Texas?
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`10· · · · A.· · Yes, I am aware.
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`11· · · · Q.· · Have you done any work for
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`12· ·Toyota in connection with the litigation?
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`13· · · · A.· · I have worked on a task that
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`14· ·involves some of the indefiniteness claims.
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`15· · · · Q.· · So you're an expert for Toyota
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`16· ·in a litigation as well as in the IPRs?
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`17· · · · A.· · I'm not sure of the term
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`18· ·"expert."
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`19· · · · · · · I was asked -- I was given a
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`20· ·task to offer certain opinions.
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`21· · · · Q.· · Okay.
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`22· · · · · · · Do you know yet whether you're
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`23· ·going to be submitting an expert report in
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`24· ·the litigation?
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`25· ·DIR· · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form,
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`8
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·and just caution the witness not to reveal
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`·3· ·anything, the communications you may have
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`·4· ·had with attorneys regarding future work.
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`·5· · · · · · · If the answer calls for that,
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`·6· ·then I instruct you not to answer.
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`·7· · · · A.· · I'm going to follow the lawyer's
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`·8· ·advice.
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`·9· · · · Q.· · Which patents did you work on in
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`10· ·connection with the litigation?
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`11· · · · A.· · If my recollection is correct,
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`12· ·it involves the '000, the '057.
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`13· · · · Q.· · And those are the same two
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`14· ·patents that you are working on in
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`15· ·connection with the IPRs; is that right?
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`16· · · · A.· · Yes.· This is the case.
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`17· · · · Q.· · Now, you've served as an expert
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`18· ·witness before; is that right?
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`19· · · · A.· · Yes, that's the case.
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`20· · · · Q.· · And in what matter did you serve
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`21· ·as an expert witness before?
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`22· · · · A.· · This is a case that involves ABB
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`23· ·verses RGB, and I worked for ABB in a
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`24· ·similar role, expressing opinions.
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`25· · · · · · · I was given a claim construction
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·and then I had to express an opinion.
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`·3· · · · Q.· · What does "ABB" stand for?
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`·4· · · · A.· · It's ASEA Brown Boveri.· It's
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`·5· ·one of the largest automation manufacturers
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`·6· ·in the world.
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`·7· · · · Q.· · Was that the only matter in
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`·8· ·which you've served as an expert witness?
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`·9· · · · A.· · I have worked for -- so this is
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`10· ·the only case where I have actually been
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`11· ·deposed.· I have worked for other companies
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`12· ·and firms, like ADT and Hamburg law firms
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`13· ·expressing opinions, looking at prior art,
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`14· ·but this was the only case I was deposed
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`15· ·for a technical set of issues.
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`16· · · · Q.· · Okay.
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`17· · · · · · · In that matter, you were an
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`18· ·expert testifying on behalf of ABB?
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`19· · · · A.· · Yes.· I have I testified for
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`20· ·ABB.
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`21· · · · Q.· · Was that a patent litigation
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`22· ·matter?
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`23· · · · A.· · This was an IPR case.
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`24· · · · · · · Actually, there were four IPR
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`25· ·cases.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · Q.· · Okay.
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`·3· · · · · · · And what was the technology
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`·4· ·involved?
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`·5· · · · A.· · The technology involved a range
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`·6· ·from motion control devices to cameras,
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`·7· ·sensors and software as related to auto bus
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`·8· ·controller.
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`·9· · · · Q.· · Did you submit a declaration in
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`10· ·those matters?
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`11· · · · A.· · Yes.· I have submitted four
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`12· ·different declarations.· Different -- let
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`13· ·me -- just to be precise -- should I
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`14· ·mention the numbers for you?· I don't
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`15· ·recall the numbers exactly.
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`16· · · · Q.· · Do you remember the last three
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`17· ·numbers for any of them?
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`18· · · · A.· · Yes.· 2013 00062.· I think the
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`19· ·other one was 00063 and 2013 00074.
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`20· · · · · · · And the fourth one I don't
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`21· ·recall because it was submitted -- I
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`22· ·haven't touched it for a long time.
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`23· · · · Q.· · And you've already submitted
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`24· ·declarations for each of those?
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`25· · · · A.· · Yes.· The best of my
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·recollection.
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`·3· · · · Q.· · Were you an expert on behalf of
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`·4· ·the patentholder or on behalf of the
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`·5· ·petitioner?
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`·6· · · · A.· · On behalf of the petitioner.
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`·7· · · · Q.· · And you were already deposed in
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`·8· ·connection with those IPRs?
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`·9· · · · A.· · I have been deposed for the 062
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`10· ·and the 074.
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`11· · · · Q.· · Was that one deposition or two?
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`12· · · · A.· · One deposition.
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`13· · · · Q.· · And are those IPRs still
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`14· ·pending?
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`15· · · · A.· · Just to be precise, I still
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`16· ·believe it's the case, but I don't have --
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`17· ·my only information comes from the lawyers
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`18· ·involved, so just to the best of my
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`19· ·knowledge.
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`20· · · · Q.· · When was your deposition?
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`21· · · · A.· · Early December.
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`22· · · · Q.· · And did any of those IPRs
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`23· ·involve pattern recognition technology?
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`24· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
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`25· · · · A.· · Let me clarify:
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · · · · Pattern recognition with respect
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`·3· ·to the claim construction that we are
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`·4· ·dealing with here or --
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`·5· · · · Q.· · Just generally as you would use
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`·6· ·that term.
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`·7· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Same objection.
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`·8· · · · A.· · With the assumption of the claim
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`·9· ·construction that I was given here, there
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`10· ·was a very small component, but this was
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`11· ·not the gist of the case.
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`12· · · · Q.· · What was the gist of the case?
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`13· · · · A.· · The gist of the case was
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`14· ·actually the ability to decompose software
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`15· ·-- controlled software from high level to
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`16· ·low level, and how actually you can isolate
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`17· ·device drivers from high level software.
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`18· · · · Q.· · I should have mentioned this
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`19· ·earlier, but you probably already know from
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`20· ·your prior deposition that we have a court
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`21· ·reporter that's going to be transcribing
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`22· ·the deposition, so if you can avoid
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`23· ·inaudible answers or nodding your head, to
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`24· ·answer in the form of an audible answer,
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`25· ·and you have done that.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · A.· · And if there is something, just
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`·3· ·tell me, and I will.
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`·4· · · · Q.· · And if you don't understand one
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`·5· ·of my questions, you can always ask me to
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`·6· ·repeat it or to clarify.
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`·7· · · · · · · But if you answer a question,
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`·8· ·I'll assume that you understood it.
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`·9· · · · · · · Is that okay?
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`10· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`11· · · · Q.· · We'll try to take a break about
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`12· ·once every hour.· If you need an additional
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`13· ·break at any time, just let me know.
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`14· · · · · · · Is there any reason today why
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`15· ·you would not be able to testify
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`16· ·truthfully?
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`17· · · · A.· · No.· I don't believe that's the
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`18· ·case.
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`19· · · · Q.· · Are you on any medications that
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`20· ·may affect your ability to testify?
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`21· · · · A.· · No, to the best of my knowledge.
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`22· · · · · · · · · · ·(Toyota Exhibit 1016 for
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`23· ·identification in IPR 419, Multi-page
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`24· ·document, Declaration of Nikolaos
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`25· ·Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.)
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`14
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·BY MR. SCHARFF:
`
`·3· · · · Q.· · I'm going to show you what
`
`·4· ·Toyota has marked as Exhibit 1016 in the
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`·5· ·419 IPR.
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`·6· · · · · · · Actually, before I ask you
`
`·7· ·questions about this, so you came to
`
`·8· ·today's deposition with some documents; is
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`·9· ·that right?
`
`10· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`11· · · · Q.· · What documents are those?
`
`12· · · · A.· · The documents include my two
`
`13· ·declarations and the Lemelson patent.
`
`14· · · · Q.· · I'm going to be showing you
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`15· ·copies of each of those later.
`
`16· · · · · · · Did you bring anything else into
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`17· ·the deposition today?
`
`18· · · · A.· · No.
`
`19· · · · Q.· · So you didn't bring any notes or
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`20· ·anything?
`
`21· · · · A.· · No.
`
`22· · · · Q.· · Can you go to the back of the
`
`23· ·419 declaration to your CV.
`
`24· · · · A.· · Sure.
`
`25· · · · Q.· · Starting at page 68 of your
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·declaration, is that your curriculum vitae?
`
`·3· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`·4· · · · Q.· · Is everything accurate in your
`
`·5· ·CV?
`
`·6· · · · A.· · To the best of my knowledge.
`
`·7· · · · Q.· · Let's start with your education.
`
`·8· · · · · · · That's listed on the first page
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`·9· ·of your CV on page 68 of the declaration;
`
`10· ·is that right?
`
`11· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`12· · · · Q.· · Could you please walk me through
`
`13· ·your education after high school.
`
`14· · · · A.· · So I got a diploma of
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`15· ·engineering from the National Technical
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`16· ·University of Athens in 1987.
`
`17· · · · · · · Then I went to Carnegie Mellon
`
`18· ·and I received a Master's of Science and
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`19· ·Electrical Computer Engineering in December
`
`20· ·of 1988.
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`21· · · · · · · And also I received a Ph.D., a
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`22· ·Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical
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`23· ·Engineering in 1992.
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`24· · · · Q.· · Below your name, you have listed
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`25· ·your current employment; is that correct?
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`16
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`·3· · · · Q.· · So you're currently employed as
`
`·4· ·a Professor at the University of Minnesota;
`
`·5· ·is that right?
`
`·6· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`·7· · · · Q.· · And how long have you worked
`
`·8· ·there?
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`·9· · · · A.· · I joined the University of
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`10· ·Minnesota in August/September of 1992,
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`11· ·immediately after my graduation.
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`12· · · · Q.· · So soon after you received your
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`13· ·Ph.D., you started at the University of
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`14· ·Minnesota?
`
`15· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`16· · · · Q.· · And then on that same page, page
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`17· ·68, there's a heading that says "Research
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`18· ·Experience."
`
`19· · · · · · · Under that, you list:
`
`20· · · · · · · "Distributed systems robotics,
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`21· ·robotics, computer vision, medical
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`22· ·robotics, sensor networks, robotic visual
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`23· ·are tracking and servoing, sensor-based
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`24· ·control and transportation systems, active
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`25· ·vision, computer engineering, signature
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`17
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·recognition and identification, and object
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`·3· ·recognition."
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`·4· · · · · · · Is your research since 1992
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`·5· ·primarily in robotics then?
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`·6· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
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`·7· · · · A.· · My research actually covers a
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`·8· ·variety of topics.· So as you are well
`
`·9· ·aware, or you might be aware, in these
`
`10· ·environments -- so if you see, I'm in
`
`11· ·charge of several labs or centers.
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`12· · · · · · · So one is the Center For the
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`13· ·Field of Robotics.· The other one, it has
`
`14· ·to do with the transportation systems in
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`15· ·the sector and safety.· And then the point
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`16· ·is, my research changes as we move from
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`17· ·year to year.
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`18· · · · · · · So when I joined Minnesota, my
`
`19· ·expertise was computer vision and robotics.
`
`20· ·But Minnesota had a long tradition in
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`21· ·transportation systems, so when you're an
`
`22· ·assistant professor, you look for
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`23· ·opportunities to -- for exciting projects.
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`24· · · · · · · So I started working, and you
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`25· ·can see this in my grants with the
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`18
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·Minnesota Department of Transportation, a
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`·3· ·variety of transportation-related projects.
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`·4· · · · · · · So the order that you see here
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`·5· ·is not really indicative because things
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`·6· ·change.· So right now, for example, I'm
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`·7· ·doing sensors, particular cameras, for --
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`·8· ·interconnected to vehicles, which is a new
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`·9· ·initiative.
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`10· · · · · · · So things evolve, there is new
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`11· ·technology, so on and so forth.
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`12· · · · Q.· · So since 1992, what percentage
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`13· ·of your research has specifically related
`
`14· ·to automotive applications?
`
`15· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
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`16· · · · A.· · With respect to hours spent?
`
`17· · · · Q.· · Sure.
`
`18· · · · · · · With respect to hours spent.
`
`19· · · · A.· · It's very difficult to pin down
`
`20· ·because sometimes there are grants which
`
`21· ·are starting, awards -- certain grants
`
`22· ·which are starting and certain grants which
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`23· ·are expiring.
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`24· · · · · · · The work, for example, that you
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`25· ·do for intelligent transportation systems
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`19
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·might be transferred to robotic systems and
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`·3· ·the other way around, so it's very
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`·4· ·difficult to pin down.
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`·5· · · · · · · I will answer this question by
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`·6· ·telling you that if you see my most cited
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`·7· ·paper in Google Scholar, it is a paper
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`·8· ·about intelligent transportation systems.
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`·9· · · · · · · So although I have started a
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`10· ·very successful company in robotics, people
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`11· ·seem to appreciate more a paper with me and
`
`12· ·Gupte and Masoud in this area.
`
`13· · · · · · · So this, can give you an idea --
`
`14· ·I think it's more important to look at the
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`15· ·impact than the amount of time that you can
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`16· ·spend.
`
`17· · · · Q.· · But in terms of the time that
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`18· ·you spent by hours, would you say that
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`19· ·research specifically relating to
`
`20· ·automotive applications is greater or less
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`21· ·than 50 percent?
`
`22· · · · A.· · You know, at the beginning of my
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`23· ·career, it might have been even more than
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`24· ·50 percent in transportation systems,
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`25· ·because the existence of the Center for
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`20
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·Transportation Studies -- so this is a
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`·3· ·federally funded center -- and I was the
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`·4· ·only -- one of the few individuals with
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`·5· ·computer vision background, so I would say
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`·6· ·at the beginning at least it was more than
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`·7· ·50 percent of my time.
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`·8· · · · · · · And also the robotics, that I
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`·9· ·receive a grant from DARPA.· DARPA is the
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`10· ·defense -- they stretch out of the Army, so
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`11· ·it's DARPA.· So a lot of my time, more than
`
`12· ·50 percent of the time was expended on
`
`13· ·transportation systems.
`
`14· · · · Q.· · So overall, since 1992, is the
`
`15· ·amount of time by hours that you spent
`
`16· ·specifically on automotive applications
`
`17· ·greater or less than 50 percent?
`
`18· · · · A.· · To be precise, I will say that
`
`19· ·it has changed depending on the funding and
`
`20· ·the interest and the -- between 50 percent
`
`21· ·and 33 percent.
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`22· · · · Q.· · Okay.
`
`23· · · · A.· · So one-third, I will say, is
`
`24· ·actually --
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`25· · · · Q.· · Okay.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`21
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · · · · In the last year, what percent
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`·3· ·in terms of hours spent would you say of
`
`·4· ·your research -- not any of your expert
`
`·5· ·work -- has related specifically to
`
`·6· ·automotive applications?
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`·7· · · · A.· · I will give you one example:
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`·8· · · · · · · We have a significant
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`·9· ·multi-million dollar contract from the
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`10· ·Federal Highway Administration to monitor
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`11· ·using cameras, track parking spaces.
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`12· · · · · · · So if I look at the time I have
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`13· ·charged to this, it might be close to
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`14· ·40 percent of my time.· You see, at the
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`15· ·university we're allowed to charge some of
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`16· ·the time, and also get other grants, so
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`17· ·this is what I use as a metric.
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`18· · · · Q.· · Is any of your research work
`
`19· ·sponsored by any automakers?
`
`20· · · · A.· · Currently or in the past?
`
`21· · · · Q.· · Both.
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`22· · · · · · · First let's look at currently
`
`23· ·and then let's talk about the past.
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`24· · · · A.· · Currently -- you see, the
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`25· ·majority of the work comes from federal
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`22
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· ·agencies, so we have had gifts or donation
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`·3· ·of equipment, but -- I have to look at my
`
`·4· ·grants.
`
`·5· · · · · · · Currently, I don't have any
`
`·6· ·support from automakers, but I have to look
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`·7· ·at my grants just to tell you exactly,
`
`·8· ·because there were some gifts.
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`·9· · · · · · · For example, 3M gave us a gift
`
`10· ·of a few thousand dollars a year.· They
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`11· ·have an automotive select transportation
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`12· ·unit that makes the film that goes on the
`
`13· ·stop signs.· So if you want me to do this,
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`14· ·I will be glad to.
`
`15· · · · Q.· · Has any of your research work
`
`16· ·specifically been sponsored by any
`
`17· ·automakers?
`
`18· · · · A.· · If you don't mind, could I check
`
`19· ·my -- just to refresh my memory.
`
`20· · · · · · · The answer is no, but this list
`
`21· ·doesn't include gifts.· For example, Honda
`
`22· ·has donated some equipment, but I don't
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`23· ·recall -- because this goes to the
`
`24· ·foundation, so... from this list, the
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`25· ·answer is no.
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`23
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
`
`·2· · · · Q.· · Has any of your research ever
`
`·3· ·involved any equipment donated by Toyota?
`
`·4· · · · A.· · To the best of my recollection,
`
`·5· ·no.
`
`·6· · · · Q.· · Now, in your CV, you have listed
`
`·7· ·some publications in which you are an
`
`·8· ·author or co-author; is that right?
`
`·9· · · · A.· · Yes.· There are listed several.
`
`10· · · · Q.· · It looks like there's about 247
`
`11· ·publications listed on your CV; is that
`
`12· ·right?
`
`13· · · · A.· · If you look, there are 76 --
`
`14· · · · Q.· · So it's 76 publications.
`
`15· · · · A.· · So there are 76 journal
`
`16· ·publications, and the last few weeks, I
`
`17· ·just sent a few more.
`
`18· · · · · · · There are several -- more than
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`19· ·five book chapters, and there are a lot of
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`20· ·conference papers.
`
`21· · · · Q.· · Are the most recent ones listed
`
`22· ·at the beginning?
`
`23· · · · A.· · Yes.· So the idea is that you
`
`24· ·start with things that are actually
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`25· ·accepted, or in the process of being
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`24
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
`
`·2· ·published, and then you move backwards.
`
`·3· · · · · · · And then at the end, I have the
`
`·4· ·ones that we have not received any word
`
`·5· ·about acceptance or rejection.
`
`·6· · · · Q.· · Out of the journal papers that
`
`·7· ·you've written, approximately how many, in
`
`·8· ·terms of percentage, would you say relate
`
`·9· ·specifically to automotive applications?
`
`10· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
`
`11· · · · A.· · Do you want -- just to be
`
`12· ·precise, do you want the specific claim
`
`13· ·construction of the case here or just in
`
`14· ·general?
`
`15· · · · Q.· · Just in general, automotive
`
`16· ·applications, approximately what percentage
`
`17· ·of your journal papers relate to automotive
`
`18· ·applications?
`
`19· · · · A.· · Let me tell you one example that
`
`20· ·is really -- let's take the number one, for
`
`21· ·example, which is a paper that has been
`
`22· ·accepted:· "IEEE Transactions on Pattern
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`23· ·Analysis and Machine Intelligence."
`
`24· · · · · · · The obvious application of this
`
`25· ·paper is in testing and detection, human
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`25
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
`
`·2· ·detection.· So it might appear that this is
`
`·3· ·not related, but the objective -- so do you
`
`·4· ·want me to be inclusive of this or --
`
`·5· · · · Q.· · I can be a little bit more
`
`·6· ·precise:
`
`·7· · · · · · · Out of your journal papers,
`
`·8· ·approximately how many in terms of
`
`·9· ·percentage specifically refer in the paper
`
`10· ·to automotive applications?
`
`11· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
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`12· · · · A.· · Which paper?
`
`13· · · · Q.· · Any of these papers.
`
`14· · · · A.· · You mentioned is related to the
`
`15· ·paper.
`
`16· · · · Q.· · No, I'm sorry.
`
`17· · · · · · · How many of these by percentage
`
`18· ·in the paper refer to automotive
`
`19· ·applications?
`
`20· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Object to form.
`
`21· · · · · · · Foundation.
`
`22· · · · A.· · With the assumption that I
`
`23· ·stated earlier, that a lot of these cover
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`24· ·human detection, auditory tracking.
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`25· · · · · · · If you can give me a few
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`26
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
`
`·2· ·minutes, I can enumerate.
`
`·3· · · · · · · More than 30.· Just a rough
`
`·4· ·count.
`
`·5· · · · Q.· · And then if you go to your book
`
`·6· ·chapters on page 75, you are an author or
`
`·7· ·co-author on seven book chapters; is that
`
`·8· ·right?
`
`·9· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`10· · · · Q.· · Number 1 is entitled:
`
`11· · · · · · · "Robot Surveillance and
`
`12· ·Security."
`
`13· · · · · · · Is that right?
`
`14· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`15· · · · Q.· · Number 2 is entitled:
`
`16· · · · · · · "Distributed Robotic Items:· A
`
`17· ·Framework for Simulated and Real-World
`
`18· ·Modeling."
`
`19· · · · · · · Is that right?
`
`20· · · · A.· · Yes.
`
`21· · · · Q.· · Number 3 is:
`
`22· · · · · · · "A Framework for Large-Scale
`
`23· ·Multi-Robot Teams."
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`24· · · · · · · Is that right?
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`25· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`800.211.DEPO (3376)
`800.211.DEPO (3376)
`EsquireSolutions.comYVer1f
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`NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·NIKOLAOS PAPANIKOLOPOULOS, PH.D.·
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`TOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVSTOYOTA MOTOR vs. AVS
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`February 24, 2014February 24, 2014
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`27
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`·1· · · · Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, Ph.D.
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`·2· · · · Q.· · Number 4 is:
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`·3· · · · · · · "Using Visual Features for
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`·4· ·Localizing within Topological Maps of
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`·5· ·Indoor Environments."
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`·6· · · · · · · Is that right?
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`·7· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`·8· · · · Q.· · Number 5 is:
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`·9· · · · · · · "Using Active Deformable Models
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`10· ·in Robot Visual Servoing."
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`11· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`12· · · · Q.· · Number 6 is:
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`13· · · · · · · "Visual Servoing for Robotic
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`14· ·Assembly."
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`15· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`16· · · · Q.· · Number 7 is:
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`17· · · · · · · "Controlled Active Vision."
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`18· · · · · · · Is that right?
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`19· · · · A.· · Yes.
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`20· · · · Q.· · So out of the seven book
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`21· ·chapters, five of them specifically refer
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`22· ·to "robot" or "robotics," is that right, in
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`23· ·the title?
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`24· · · · · · · MR. BERKOWITZ:· Objection.
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`25· · · · A.· · Again, if you look, for example,
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`800.211.DEPO (3376)
`800.211.DEPO (3376)
`EsquireSolutions.comYVer1f
`EsquireSol
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