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`Chapter 9
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`The Mechanical Operations of Filling
`Hard Capsules
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`G. C. Cole
`
`Hard capsules are normally filled with a powder
`containing the active ingredient(s). However.
`other preparations or combinations of prepara—
`tions may also be filled into capsules, using special
`dosing devices. Various possibilities are illustrated
`in Fig. 9.1 . The range can be extended by changing
`the form of enclosed tablets which may be cnteric—
`coated. sugar-coated. or compression—coated. Sus-
`tained-release emetic-coated pellets may also be
`filled.
`The filling machine must carry out four opera—
`tions. It must rectify the capsules, separate the
`body from the cap, fill the body, and replace the
`cap. Rectification means that all the capsules are
`positioned cap uppermost in the machine ready
`for separation. Fig.9.2 illustrates the filling pro‘
`cess.
`The following problems may arise during the
`
`basic process. Firstly, a damaged capsule may
`block the feed system. Rectification may not take
`place. again resulting in a blocked feed system.
`Separation may not occur. so that the powder or
`other dosage form is available but cannot be put
`into the capsule body. Transfer or selection of the
`dosage form may fail to take place. The powder
`may be wrongly delivered, or
`the alternative
`dosage form may be damaged during its entry into
`the capsule body. The cap or the body, or both,
`may be damaged when reunited. The body may
`be damaged on ejection from the machine.
`Finally. empty capsules may be ejected from the
`machine along with the filled ones, All fully auto-
`matic equipment is fitted with devices that will eli-
`minate some or all of
`these problems as the
`capsules pass through the machine. If new equip-
`ment is being evaluated, an examination of the
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`pellet mixture
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`powder. granulale
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`I
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`0 solid. formed drug
`preparations
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`‘Ist pellet type
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`2nd pellet type
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`Fig. 9.1. Various combinations of different drug formulations in capsules.
`92
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`capsules
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`paste
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`IElE
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`Page 2 of 2
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`Page 2 of 2
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