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`User Manual
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`The Soflware is the Instrument ® August 1993 Edition
`fiw-Igaagaw
`EXHIBIT 1014
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`DEFS 00031588
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`ABB Inc.
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`For! Number 320534-07
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`Page 1 of 460
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`LabVIEW
`.’\/\ for Wmdows
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`User Manual
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`I'DaDDDDDDD
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`© Copyright 1992, 1993 National Instruments Corporation.
`All Rights Reserved.
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`'
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`Pm Number 320534-01
`August 1993
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`DEFS 00031589
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`National Instruments Corporate Headquarters
`6504 Bridge Point Parkway
`'
`Austin. TX 78730-5039
`
`(512) 794—0100
`(800) 433-3488 (toll-free U.S. and Canada)
`Technical support fax: (512) 794-5678
`
`Branch Offices:
`
`'
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`Australia 03 879 9422, Austria 0662 435986, Belgium 02 757 00 20, Canada (Ontario) 519 622 9310, Canada
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`
`Italy 02 48301892, Japan 03 3788 1921, Netherlands 01720 45761, Norway 03 846866, Spain 91 640 0085, Sweden
`08 730 49 70, Switzerland 056 27 00 20, U.K. 0635 523545
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`Limited Warranty
`
`The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute
`programming instructions, due to defects in materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from
`date of shipment, as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will, at its
`option, repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National
`Instruments receives notice of Such defects during the warranty period. National Instruments does
`not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free.
`
`A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the factory and clearly
`marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work.
`National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered
`by warranty.
`
`National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate. The document has
`
`been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy. In the event that technical or typographical errors
`exist, National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this
`document without prior notice to holders of this edition. The reader should consult National
`Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages
`arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it.
`
`EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN , NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES,
`EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF
`MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT
`TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF
`NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID
`BY THE CUSTOMER. NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES
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`RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA, PROFITS, USE OF PRODUCTS , OR INCIDENTAL OR
`CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. This
`limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action, whether
`in contract or tort, including negligence. Any action against National Instruments must be brought
`within one year after the cause of action accrues. N ational Instruments shall not be liable for any
`delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty provided herein
`does not cover damages, defects, malfunctions, or service failures caused by owner's failure to
`follow the National Instruments installation, operation, or maintenance instructions; owner's
`modification of the product; owner's abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or surges,
`fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
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`Copyright -
`
`Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form,
`electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval
`system, or translating, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of National Instruments
`Corporation.
`
`LabVIEW® is a trademark of National Instruments Corporation.
`
`'Il‘ademarks
`
`Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.
`
`Warning Regarding Medical and Clinical Use
`of National Instruments Products
`
`National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a
`level of reliability suitable for use in treatment and diagnosis of humans. Applications of National
`Instruments products involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental
`injury caused by product failure, or by errors on the part of the user or application designer. Any use
`or application of National Instruments products for or involving medical or clinical treatment must
`be performed by properly trained and qualified medical personnel, and all traditional medical
`safeguards, equipment, and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent
`serious injury or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments Products are
`being used. National Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of
`established process, procedure, or equipment used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety
`in medical or clinical treatment.
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`Contents I
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`Contents
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`
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`About This Manual ............................................................... xvii
`
`Organization of This Manual .................................................. xvii
`LabVIEW Basics ............................................................. xvii
`
`Front Panel Objects .......................................................... xviii
`
`Block Diagram Programming .......................................... xviii
`Appendices, Glossary, and Index.
`................................... xix
`Conventions Used1n This Manual
`.................................. xix
`
`Customer Communication ...................................................... xx
`
`LabVIEW Basics—Chapters 1 through 3
`
`Chapter 1
`Introduction to LabVIEW ................................................. 1-1
`
`What Is LabVIEW? ................................................................. 1-1
`How Does LabVIEW Work? ...... ~. ........................................... 1-1
`
`Front Panel ....................................................................... 1-3
`
`Block Diagram ................................................................. 1-4
`Icon and Connector .......................................................... 1—5
`
`Introduction to the LabVIEW Development System .............. 1—6
`Using LabVIEW Menus .................................................. 1—6
`
`Diagram and Panel Windows .......................................... 1—8
`Edit and Run Modes ........................................................ 1—8
`Tools ................................................................................ 1—9
`
`Help Window ................................................................... 1-9
`Printing VIs ...................................................................... 1-10
`Previewing a VI ........................................................ 1-13
`
`Enhancing Printouts with Transparency and
`Decorations/Bitmaps‘ ....................................................... 1-13
`Saving VIs ....................................................................... 1—14
`Save Options ............................................................. 1-14
`Revert
`....................................................................... 1-15
`
`VI Libraries .............................................................. 1 ~15
`
`Accessing Your VI Library from
`the Functions Menu .................................................. 1-17
`
`Edit VI Library Dialog ............................................. 1-18
`Confl gurin g LabVIEW .................................................... 1-20
`How Preferences Are Stored .................................... 1—21‘
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`©Nan'onal Instruments Corporation
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`Contents
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`Memory and Disk Preferences ................................. 1-21
`Path Preferences ....................................................... 1-23
`
`1 ~24
`Library, Temporary, and Default Directories
`VI Search Path ....................................- ............... 1-25
`
`. Display Preferences .................................................. 1-27
`Miscellaneous Preferences ....................................... 1-28
`
`Chapter 2
`Editing VIs ................................................................................ 2-1
`Creating Objects ...................................................................... 2-1
`
`Selecting Objects .................. g ................................................. 2-5
`Moving Objects ....................................................................... 2-6
`Duplicating Objects ............................................. ; .................. 2—6
`Copying Objects between VIs or
`. from Other Applications .................................................. 2—7
`Deleting Objects ...................................................................... 2-7
`
`Labeling Objects ..................................................................... 2-7
`Creating Labels ................................................................ 2-8
`Changing Font, Style, Size, and Color of Text ................ 2-9
`
`Resizing Objects ..................................................................... 2—14
`Resizing Labels ................................................................ 2— l 5
`Creating Descriptions .............................................................. 2-15
`Coloring Objects ..................................................................... 2-16
`Aligning and Distributing Objects .......................................... 2-18
`Aligning Objects .............................................................. 2-18
`
`Distributing Objects ......................................................... 2—19
`Moving Objects To Front, To Back, Forward,
`and Backward .......................................................................... 2-20
`
`Documenting Vls with the Get Info... Option ........................ 2-21
`Icon and Connector ................................................................. 2-22
`
`Creating the Icon .............................................................. 2—22
`Defining the Connector Terminal Pattern ............................... 2-24
`Selecting and Modifying Terminal Patterns .................... 2-26
`Assigning Terminals to Controls and Indicators ............. 2-26
`
`Deleting Connections ....................................................... 2—28
`Confirming Connections .......................................... 2—29
`
`\
`
`Chapter 3
`Executing VIs ........................................................................... 3-]
`Operating VIs .......................................................................... 3-]
`Running a VI .................................................................... 3-2
`Stopping a VI ................................................................... 3-3
`Running a VI Repeatedly ................................................. 3-3
`Printing Programmatically ............................................... 3-3
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`Contents
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`Front Panel Datalogging .................................................. 3-4 .
`Programmatic Data Retrieval
`.............................L ............ 3-6
`Debugging Executable VIs ..................................................... 3—7
`Correcting a VI Range Error ............................................ 3-7
`
`Recognizing Undefined Data ........................................... 3—8
`Debugging Techniques for Executable VIS ..................... 3-9
`LabVIEW Debugging Features ....................................... 3-12
`Single-Stepping through a VI ................................... 3-12
`Highlighting Execution ............................................ 3- 12
`Using the Probe ........................................................ 3-14
`Setting Breakpoints .................................................. 3—1 5
`Warnings for Overlapping Objects ..... L ............................ 3-16
`
`Front Panel Objects—Chapters 4 through 10
`
`Chapter 4
`Introduction to Front Panel Objects .............................. 4-1
`Building the Front Panel ......................................................... 4-1 '
`Importing Graphics from Other Programs ....................... 4-2
`Common Front Panel Control and Indicator Options ......4—2
`Dialog Controls ................................................................ 4-4
`Custom Controls and Type Definitions .................................. 4-6
`Creating a Custom Control
`..................................................... 4-6
`Applying Changes from a Custom Control
`..................... 4-7
`Saving a Custom Control ................................................. 4-9
`
`Using a Custom Control .................................................. 4—9
`Adding a Custom Control to the Controls Menu ............. 4—9
`Making an Icon ................................................................ 4-10
`Custom Controls are Independent from Source File ....... 4—10
`Customize Mode ..................................................................... 4-10
`Independent Parts ............................................................. 4-1 1
`The Control Editor Parts Window ................................... 4-12
`
`Pop-up Menus for Different Parts in Customize Mode ...4-13
`Cosmetic Parts ................................................................. 4—14
`Cosmetic Parts with More than One Picture ............ 4-15
`
`Cosmetic Parts with Independent Pictures ............... 4-16
`Text Parts ......................................................................... 4-18
`
`Scale Parts ........................................................................ 4-19
`
`Controls as Parts ........................ ; ..................................... 4-19
`
`Adding Cosmetic Parts to a Custom Control ................... 4-21
`
`Type Definitions ....................................................................A. 4-21
`Type Definition: Data types must match ......................... 4-22
`Strict Type Definition: Everything must match ............... 4—22
`Making a Type Definition ............................................... 4-22
`Using a Type Definition .................................................. 4-23
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`Contents
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`Automatic Updating ......................................................... 4-24
`Searching for a Type Definition ...................................... 4-24
`Cluster Type Definitions .................................................. 4-24
`
`Chapter 5
`Numeric Controls and Indicators ................................... 5-1
`
`Digital Controls and Indicators ..............'................................. 5-2
`Digital Numeric Options .................................................. 5-3
`Displaying Integers in Other Radixes ....................... 5-3
`Changing the Representation of Numeric Values ....5-4
`Setting the Range Options of Numeric Controls
`'
`and Indicators ................................................................... 5-5
`
`Numeric Range Checking ......................................... 5-7
`Changing the Format and Precision of Digital Displays .5-9
`Slide Numeric Controls and Indicators ................................... 5-11
`
`Slide Scale .................................................._. .................... 5-13
`Changing Scale Limits ............................................. 5-14
`Text Scale ................................................................. 5-15
`
`Filled and Multivalued Slides .......................................... 5-17
`
`The Rotary Numerics
`
`............................ 5-19
`
`Ring Controls .......................................................................... 5—2]
`Enumerations
`.............. 5~23
`
`Color Box .................................v............................................... 5-24
`
`Color Ramp ............................................................................. 5-26
`Units ........................................................................................ 5—28
`
`Entering Units .................................................................. 5-32
`
`Units have Stricter Type Checking .................................. 5-33
`Polymorphic Units ........................................................... 5-35
`
`Chapter 6
`Boolean Controls and Indicators ..................................'...6—1
`
`Creating and Operating Boolean Controls and Indicators ...... 6-1
`Configuring Boolean Controls and Indicators ........................ 6-3
`Labeling Booleans
`................................................. 6-3
`Stopping on a Boolean Value
`..... 6-4
`Boolean Range Checking .......................................p .. 6-4
`Configuring the Mechanical Action of Boolean Controls 6-5
`Customizing a Boolean with Imported Pictures .............. 6-6
`
`Chapter 7
`String and Table Controls and Indicators ................... 7-1
`Using String Controls and Indicators ...................................... 7-1
`Options for String Controls and Indicators ............................. 7-2
`Using the Scrollbar with String Controls and Indicators .7-2
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`Contents
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`Entering and Viewing Nondisplayable Characters .......... 7-3
`Using the Table ......... , ..............................................p............... 7—5
`
`Chapter 8
`Array and Cluster Controls and Indicators ............... 8—1
`Arrays ...................................................................................... 8-1
`Creating Array Controls .................................................. 8-4
`Setting the Array Dimension .................................... 8-7
`Interpreting the Array Index Display ....................... 8-8
`Displaying an Array in Single—Element or
`,'
`Tabular Form ............................................................ 8-9
`
`Operating Arrays ............................................................. 8—11
`Setting the Default Size and Values of an Array
`8-11
`Finding the Size of an Array .................................... 8-13
`Moving or Resizing the Array .................................. 8-13
`Selecting Array Cells ................................................ 8—13
`LabVIEW Arrays and Arrays in Other Systems .............. 8—15
`Clusters ................................................................................... 8— l 8
`
`Creating Clusters ............................................................. 8-19
`
`Operating and Configuring Cluster Elements ........_.......... 8-19
`Setting Cluster Default Values ................................. 8-20
`Setting the Order of Cluster Elements ...................... 8-20
`Moving or Resizing the Cluster ................................ 8-21
`Assembling Clusters ........................................................ 8—23
`Bundle Function ....................................................... 8—23
`
`Bundle by Name Function ........................................ 8-24
`
`Array To Cluster Function ........................................ 8-27
`Disassembling Cluster Elements ..................................... 8-28
`Unbundle Function ...........'........................................ 8—28
`
`Unbundle by Name Function .................................... 8—29
`Cluster To Array Function ........................................ 8-3]
`Replacing Cluster Elements ............................................. 8-32
`
`Chapter 9
`Graph and Chart Indicators ............................................. 9-1
`Waveform and KY Graphs ..................................................... 9—1
`Creating a Single-—Plot Graph ........................................... 9-2
`Waveform Graph Data Types ................................... 9-2
`
`XY Graph Data Types .............................................. 9—4
`Creating a Multiplot Graph .............................................. 9— 5
`Waveform Graph Data Types ................................... 9-5
`XY Graph Data Types .............................................. 9-10
`Graph Options .................................................................. 9—12
`Scale Options ............................................................ 9-14
`
`©National Instruments Corporation
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`Contents
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`Using the Legend ...................................................... 9— 1 5
`Using the Palette ....................................................... 9-16
`Waveform Chart ................................................... 9-17
`
`Waveform Chart Data Types ........................................... 9-18
`
`Waveform Chart Options ................................................. 9-20
`Chart Update Modes ................................................. 9-21
`Stacked versus Overlaid Plots .................................. 9-23
`
`Intensity Chart ......................................................................... 9-25
`Intensity Chart Options .................................................... 9-26
`Defining the Color Mapping .................................... 9-28
`
`Intensity Graph ........................................................................ 9-29
`Intensity Graph Data Type ............................................... 9-29
`Intensity Graph Options ................................................... 9—30
`Graph Cursors ...........................................~.............................. 9-31
`
`Chapter 10
`Path Controls and Refnums .............................................. 10-1
`
`Using Path Controls and Indicators ........................................ 10-1
`Refnums ................................................................................... 10-2
`
`Block Diagram Programming—Chapters 11 through 19
`
`Chapter 11
`Introduction to the Block Diagram ................................. 11—1
`Block Diagram ....................................................................... 11—1
`Terminals
`............... ll—l
`Control and Indicator Terminals
`11-2
`
`User-Defined and Universal Constants .................... 11—4
`Nodes ............................................................................... 11-8
`
`Functions .................................................................. 1 1—9
`SubVI Nodes ............................................................ 11—1 1
`
`Structures .................................................................. 11-13
`
`Online Help for Constants, Functions,
`and SubVI Nodes ............................................................. 11-14
`
`Chapter 12
`Wiring the Block Diagram ................................................. 12-]
`Basic Wiring Techniques ........................................................ 12—1
`Wire Stretching ................................................................ 12—5
`Selecting, Moving, and Deleting Wires ........................... 12-5
`Wiring to Off-Screen Areas ............................................. 12-8
`Duplicating Sections of the Block Diagram .................... 12-9
`Replacing and Inserting Block Diagram Objects .................... 12-9
`Solving Wiring Problems ........................................................ 12—10
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`Contents
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`Common Reasons for Bad Wires .................................... 12-10
`
`Faulty Connections ................................................... 12-10
`Wire Type, Dimension, Unit,
`or Element Conflict ........................................... 12-11
`
`,
`
`Multiple Wire Sources ...................................... 12-12
`No Wire Source ................................................. 12-12
`
`Loose Ends ........................................................ 12-13
`Wire Stubs ......................................................... 12— 13
`
`Wire Cycle ........................................................ 12-14
`File Refnum Type Conflict
`............................... 12—14
`
`Wiring Situations to Avoid .............................................. 12—14
`Wire Loops ............................................................... 12—14
`Hidden Wire Segments ............................................. 12-15
`Wiring Underneath Objects ...................................... 12—16
`Problems in Wiring Structures ......................................... 12-17
`Assigning More Than One Value to
`a Sequence Local ...................................................... 12-17
`Failing to Wire a Tunnel in All Cases of
`a Case Structure ........................................................ 12-17
`
`Overlapping Tunnels ................................................ 12-18
`Wiring from Multiple Frames of
`a Sequence Structure ................................................ 12-19
`Wiring Underneath Rather Than through
`21 Structure ................................................................. 12-20
`
`Debugging Techniques for Nonexecutable VIs ............... 1’2-21
`Fixing a Broken VI ................................................... 12-21
`
`Chapter 13
`Structures .................................................................................. 13-1
`For Loop and While Loop Structures .-.................................... 13—2
`For Loop .......................................................................... 13-2
`While Loop ...................................................................... 13—3
`Placing Objects inside Structures .................................... 13-3
`Terminals Inside L00ps ..................................................,13-4
`Auto-Indexing .................................................................. 13-5
`Using Auto—Indexing to Set the For Loop Count
`..... 13-6
`Using Auto—Indexing with While Loops ................. -.13-7
`Executing a For Loop Zero Times ................................... 13-7
`Shift Registers
`.......................................................... 13—8
`Case and Sequence Structures ................................................ 13-10
`Case Structure .................................................................. 13—11
`
`Sequence Structure .......................................................... 13-13
`Editing Case and Sequence Structures ............................ 13-15
`Moving between Subdiagrams ........................................ 13-15
`Adding Subdiagrams ....................................................... 13-16
`
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`Contents
`
`Deleting Subdiagrams ...................................................... 13-18
`Reordering Subdiagrams ................................................. 13—19
`
`r
`Chapter 14
`The Formula Node ................................................................. 14—]
`Formula Node Functions ......................................................... 14-4 '
`
`Chapter 15
`Attribute Nodes ....................................................................... 15—1
`
`Creating Attribute Nodes ........................................................ 15—1
`Using Attribute Nodes ............................................................ 15-5 '
`
`Attribute Help .‘................................................................. 15—7
`Examples .......................................................................... 15-7
`Setting the Strings of a Ring Control
`....................... 15-7
`Selectively Presenting the User with Options .......... 15-8
`Reading Cursors Programmatically .......................... 15-9
`Available Attributes ................................................................ 15-10
`
`Base Attributes ................................................................. 15-10
`
`Attributes for Digital Numeric Controls
`and Color Numeric Controls ............................................ 15-10
`
`Attributes for Rotary, Slide and Fill Controls ................. 15—11
`Attributes for Rings ......................................................... 15-12
`
`Attributes for the Color Ramp ..............,........................... 1 5-13
`Attributes for Booleans .................................................... 15—14
`
`Attributes for Strings ....................................................... 15-15
`Attributes for Tables ........................................................ 15-15
`
`Attributes for Paths .......................................................... 15-17
`
`Attributes for Arrays ........................................................ 15—1 7
`Attributes for Clusters ...................................‘ ................... 15-17
`Attributes for the Waveform Chart .................................. 15-18
`
`Attributes for the Waveform Graph ................................. 15—20
`Attributes for the XY Graph ................ L ........................... 15—21
`Attributes for the Intensity Chart ..................................... 15—21
`Attributes for the Intensity Graph .................................... 15—22
`Attributes for Refnums .................................................... 15-22
`
`.
`Chapter 16
`Global and Local Variables ............................................... 16-1
`Global Variables 16—]
`
`Local Variables ........................................................................ 16-3
`
`Chapter 17
`File VIs ........................................................................................ 17 -1
`
`File V1 Descriptions ................................................................ 17-2
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`Contents
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`Write Characters To File ................................................. 17-2
`Read Characters. From File .............................................. 17-3
`Read Lines From File ...................................................... 17-4
`
`Write To Spreadsheet File ............................................... 17-5
`Read From Spreadsheet File ............................................ 17-6
`Write To 116 File ............................................................. 17-7
`Read From 116 File
`.............. 17—8
`
`Write To SGL File ........................................................... 17-9
`
`Read From SGL File ........................................................ 17-10
`
`Open/Create/Replace File ................................................ 17-1 1
`Open File+ ..............._........................................................ 1 7-13
`Write File+ (string) .......................................................... l7~15
`Read File+ (string) ........................................................... 17-16
`Write File+ [116] .............................................................. 17~18
`Read File+ [116] ............................................................... 17-19
`
`Write File+ [SGL] ............................................................ 17-21
`
`............................................................ 17-22
`Read File+ [SGL]
`Close File+ ...................................................................... '.17-24
`
`Chapter 18
`Error Handler VIs ......................,........................................... 18-1
`7
`Error Handling ........................................................................ 18—1
`Error Input/Output Cluster ...................................................... 18-2
`Errbr Handler VI Overview .................................................... 18-3
`Error Handler Vls
`......... 18—4
`
`Simple Error Handler ..................................... -.................. 18-4
`Find First Error ................................................................ 18-5
`General Error Handler ..................................................... 18—7
`
`Chapter 19
`VI Setup Options .................................................................... 19-1
`VI Setup... and SubVI Node Setup ........................................