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`GEOTEXT
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`STATE on NEW YORK
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`COUNTY or NEW YORK
`
`CERTIFICATION
`
`This is to certify that the attached translation is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, a true
`
`and accurate translation from Japanese into English nfthe attached Japan Patent Application
`
`Public Disclosure No; 853-46923.
`
`
`
`Robert Adler, Project Manager
`Geotext Translations, Inc.
`
`Sworn to and subscribed before me
`
`this__:7 dayof
`lgxflf ,20 9711 .
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`
`EVAN FINCH
`NOTARY PUBLIC-STATE OF NEW YORK
`No. UlFlolSdoDD
`Qualified in New York Couniy
`My Commisslon Expires October 03. 200'?
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`New York 259 West 30th Street. ‘37th Floor. New York. NY 100C”, U.S.A. t61212.631.?432 {ax 212.631.7778
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`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 1
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 1
`
`

`

`(19) Japan Patent Office (JP)
`(12) Publication of Unexamined Patent Application (A)
`
`it I) Japan Patent Application Public Disclosure No:
`858-46923
`
`(5]) Int. Cl.3
`
`I'D Symbol
`
`A6] B HOD
`l7r'28
`
`Inna-Agency
`File No.
`7916-4C
`7058-4C
`
`[43) Disclosure Date:
`March 13, 1983
`
`('7!) Applicant:
`
`Number of inventions: 1
`Request for examination: Not requested
`
`(Total pages: 5)
`(54) Title of the invention:
`Eadoseope
`(72} Inventor:
`Osamu Arakawa
`(21) Application no:
`SSS-144326
`Clo Fuji Photo Optical Co, Ltd.
`(22) Application date:
`September I2, Hill]
`1324, Uetake—eho, Omiye City
`(72) Inventor:
`Akin Miyauchi
`Fuji Photo Film Co, Ltd.
`c/o Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
`210, Nakanuma, Mnami—Ashigara
`3—] l—dtS, Senzui, Asaka City
`City
`Masamichi Sato
`Fuji Photo Optical C0,, Ltd.
`ct'o Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
`i-324, Uetake-cho, Omiya City
`341-46, Senaui, Asaka City
`Taicao Katori, Patent Attorney
`
`(72) Inventor:
`
`(71) Applicant:
`
`(7‘4) Agent:
`
`SPECIFICATION
`
`I.
`
`Title of the Invention
`Endoscope
`
`2_
`
`Claims
`I. An endoscope characterized in that
`[it] contains a path that guides to the other end a
`manipulation tool inserted at one end and a heating means
`that is provided in the vicinity ofthe other end ofthe mid
`path and that heats the manipulation tool,
`the manipulation tool contains a shapcmemory alloy that
`mernorizes a first shape adapted to the use state, and
`the aforementioned heating means heats the manipulation
`tool, which was transformed to a second shape different
`from the first shape, to at least the reverse-transfonnation
`temperature of the said shape-memory alloy, to restore the
`first shape.
`2. An endoscope characterized in that, in the
`endoscope described in Claim 1, the aforementioned shape—
`memory alloy is such that the reverse—transformation
`temperature is virtually equal to the temperature of the
`body in which the aforementioned manipulation tool is
`used, and the aforementioned heating means heats the said
`manipulation tool to at least the body temperature.
`3. An endoscope characterized in that, in the
`endoscope described in Claim 1, the
`
`aforementioned path contains a cooling means that
`maintains the manipulation tool inserted into the said path
`at or below the reverse-transformation temperature of the
`shape-memory alloy of the said manipulation tool.
`
`3. Detailed Explanation of the Invention
`The present invention relates to an endoscope, and
`particularly [relates] to an endoscope equipped with a
`manipulation tool, such as forceps, a treatment tool, etc.
`Conventionally, in the observation and n-eannent of a
`body cavity or intemal organ by means of an endoscope,
`the usual [procedure] is to insert a manipulation tool (e.g.,
`forceps. treatment tool} via a forceps hole penetrated by the
`endoscope, excise tissue ii-em the body cavity or internal
`organ, and perform treatment. These variously shaped
`forceps and treatment tools include the hinpsy forceps,
`basket forceps, high-frequency snare, three-nail forceps,
`alligator forceps, coagulation electrode, washing tube,
`cytology bmsh, etc. However, certain shapes and sizes are
`required for the respective applications. Furthermore, these
`forceps and treatment tools are hereinafier collectively
`called "inairipulation tools.”
`
`.97.
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 2
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 2
`
`

`

`(2)
`
`Japan Patent Application Public Disclosure
`No. 858—46923
`
`On the one hand, however. to minimize pain experienced
`by a patient as well as the insertion resistance when
`inserting an endoscope into the living body and particularly
`the body cavity of the patient, there is demand for
`minimizing the outside diameters ofthe endoscope head
`and junctions. Consequently, the diameter of the forceps
`hole into which amarripulation tool is inserted and guided
`into a body cavity also preferably is small.
`An endoscope equipped with a conventional
`manipulation tool cannot simultaneously satisfy these
`conflicting requirements, so some degree of compromise
`has been required. For example, a basket forceps, etc, is
`inserted into a forceps hole by deforming within the elastic
`limit of its material, so the insertion resistance is high. Also,
`in a side-view endoscope, in order to stand these
`manipulation tools in the usable state, [they] are oriented
`almost vertically relative to the lengthwise direction oftbe
`endoscope, so they are equipped at their head with a
`forceps standing table operated by means of a wire from the
`operating portion. The provision of such a movable portion
`at the endoscope head increases the size of the head and
`junctions, thereby reducing the reliability of the
`mechanically operated device
`
`be set such that the manipulation tool is heated to at least
`the body temperature
`The path that guides the manipulation tool also may be
`equipped with a cooling means that maintains the
`manipulation tool inserted therein at or below the reverse—
`transformation temperature of the shapomemory alloy.
`Next, an embodiment of the endoscope based on the
`present invention will be explained in detail, with reference
`to the appended drawings. Furthermore, in the present
`specification, the endoscope includes not only those used in
`a living body, but also industrial [endoscopes] used within
`the internal cavities of devices, etc.
`Figure l, a partially cutaway side-view of the
`endoscope based on the present invention, shows the pan of
`the endoscope inserted into a body cavity (i.e., its hold).
`This head has a cylindrical sheath It) composed of a plastic
`or a plastic-coated metal, and at the end thcreof is provided
`a forceps hole 14 that performs suction or tlmxigh which is
`passed a manipulation tool 12 (cg, the basket forceps
`shown in the drawing or other forceps or a neatment tool).
`The forceps hole l4 is connected to a tube-shaped path 16
`that guides the manipulation tool l2, and a heating means
`
`Japan Patent Application Public Disclosure No, SSE-46923 (2)
`
`The present invention eliminates such conventional
`technical drawbacks, and aims at providing an endoscope
`that subjects the patient to little pain during insertion.
`Another purpose ofthe present invention is to provide
`an endoscope with high reliability that is capable of
`extracting or inserting, without resistance, the manipulation
`tool with the required shape and size in the use state.
`According to the present invention, these purposes are
`achieved by an endoscope such as the following. That is,
`this endoscope contains a path that guides to the other end a
`manipulation tool inserted at one end and a heating means
`that is provided in the vicinity ofthe other end of the said
`path and that beats the manipulation too]; this manipulation
`tool contains a shape-memory alloy that memoriaes a first
`shape adapted to the use state; and a heating means heats
`the manipulation tool, which was transformed to a second
`shape different fiom the first shape, to at least the reverse-
`transformation temperature of the shape-memory alloy, to
`restore the first shape.
`The shape—memory alloy ofthe manipulation tool may
`be set such that the reverse-transfonnation temperature
`becomes virtually equal to the body temperature at which
`the manipulation tool is used, and the heating means may.
`
`18 is provided in a shape that surrounds the periphery of
`the path 16, at the junction behaveen the forceps hole 14 and
`the path 16 oftbc sheath 10.
`The heating means 18 is a resistance heating element
`composed of a carbon fixed resistor, a wire-wound resistor,
`etc, shaped so as to surround the periphery of the tube-
`shaped path 16, and it is connected via a lead wire 20 to an
`external power supply (not shown), Within the sheath ID
`are provided the additional mechanisms required by the
`endoscope; for example, an objective lens 22 and an image
`bundle 24 composed of optical fiber. To simplify the
`drawings, other mechanisms {e.g., the light guide, air line,
`water line) have been omitted floor the drawings.
`As is commonly known, the basket forceps l2
`captures and removes from the body calculi within body
`cavities, for example. In the use state, the form shown in
`the drawings is adopted. According to the present invention,
`the basket forceps 12 are composed ofa so-callcd "straps
`memory alloy.“
`As is commonly known, a “shape-mermry alloy” is an
`alloyr that, when heated to at least a certain temperature (i.e.,
`
`-93.
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 3
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 3
`
`

`

`(3)
`
`Japan Patent Applicaion Public Disclosure
`No. 358—46923
`
`the reverse-transformation temperature), loses existing
`plastic defonnation—indoced strain- More specifically, the
`mystal structure of the high-temperamre phase called the
`mother phase or the beta phase is formed by heating to at
`least the transformation temperature a shape-memory alloy
`formed into a certain shape. Next, when this is rapidly
`cooled to or below the transfonnation temperature, the
`martensitic crystal structure results. Suppose that, however,
`stress is applied to the alloy in this state, thereby deforming
`[the alloy] into a. shape different from the original shape.
`The strain resulting from this deformation is maintained,
`but ifthis is heated to or above the reverscmansformation
`temperature, this strain is eliminated and the original shape
`is restored. It is said that this is because the martensitic
`structure reverse-transforms to the mother phase.
`The manipulation tool l2, such as a basket forceps, of
`the endoscope ofthc prwent invention is composed of this
`shape-memon alloy. To explain the basket forceps 12
`shown in Figure l, for example, [it] is shaped into the
`shape shown in Figure l, and it is heated to at least its
`transformation temperature and then rapidly cooled. To
`insert such forceps 12 into tho-tubc-shapcd path 16 via the
`forceps insertion hole (not ahoivn) of the operation portion
`of the endoscope and guide [it] smoothly into the forceps
`hole 14 of
`
`means 18 because considerable response time might be
`required to res‘mre the manipulation tool 12 to its original
`shape by means of natural healing by body temperature. By
`using the heating means 13. it is possible to set a high
`reverse-transfomtation temperature for restoring the
`manipulation totil 12 to its original shape. This increases
`the range (i.e., freedom) in selecting the composition of the
`shape-memory alloy of the manipulation tool 12. However,
`it is preferable to avoid inflicting lesions or pain in a living
`body as a result of the increased temperature caused by the
`heating means, when the endoscope is used in a living body.
`For the aforementioned reasons, therefore, it is cfi'cctive to
`heat to atemperaturc slightly higher than the temperature
`of the living body. In the case of Cu—Al—Zn, for example, it
`is possible to set the martensitic transformation starting
`temperature to 38 ”C in a composition composed of 74%
`Cu, 8% Al, and 13% Zn. 80, according to the present
`invention, it normally is preferable to set such that reverse—
`h‘ansfonnation occurs at a temperature bent-teen a
`temperature slightly higher than the normal temperature
`and a temperature that does not inflict a lesion or pain in a
`living body (i.c., 30-50 “Q. If the rcvcrsmtransformation
`temperature is low, the
`
`Japan Patent Application Public Diselosru'e No. 558-46923 {3}
`
`the head, it is preferable to insert [it] into the path 16, after
`temporarily deforming [it] into a shape long in the
`lengthwise direction, which is Show in Figure 2. The
`basket forceps 12 deformed thus is heated to at least the
`reverse-transfonnatjon temperature of this shape-memory
`alloy by passing electric cunent through the heating means
`18 provided near the forceps hole 14, thereby restoring [it]
`to its original shape (i.e., the shape ofthe basket; forceps 12
`in the use state).
`Examples ofshapc-memory alloys used as the
`manipulation tool 12 include Ti-Ni, Ag—Cd, Ali-Cd, Ctr—Al»
`Ni. Cu-Al—Zn, Cu—Zn, Ni—Al, etc. However, Ti-Ni, Cu-Al-
`Zn, etc, are particularly useful.
`in the case of an endoscope inserted into a body cavity,
`it is preferable to set the reverse-transformation
`temperature near this body temperature, after appropriately
`selecting the composition ofthe shape-memory alloy of the
`manipulation tool 12. It is preferable to use a heating
`
`manipulation tool l2 is cooled in advance, and during use it
`is immediately inserted into the tube-shaped path 16, via
`the forceps insertion hole (not shown) of the endoscope
`operation portion. It also is possible to configure the
`endoscope so as to maintain the manipulation tool 12 at or
`below the reverse-transformation temperature of this shape-
`memory alloy, by cooling the surroundings of the tube-
`shaped path 16 with a water line, etc.
`Such a shape-memory alloy also has so-eallecl
`"pseudoelasticitf or “superelasticity,” so the endoscope of
`the present invention is advantageous, also, when
`extracting in the original direction a manipulation tool 12
`that returned to its original shape, via the tube-shaped path
`16, alter insertion. “Pseudoelasticity” or “superelasficity”
`indicates a property such that, even if stress is applied in
`excess of the normal elastic limit, strain occurs as if itwere
`subjected to plastic defamation, but when the stress is
`eliminated, the original shape is restored, so then: is no
`residual permanent strain. Therefore, in the endoscope of
`Figure l, a basket forceps 12 that uses such a shape—
`memory alloy returns to the shape of the usable state, and
`after a calculus, etc, is captured within abody cavity, [it] is
`removed smoothly from the forceps insertion hole (not
`shown) of the endoscope operation portion, in the direction
`opposite to insertion into the path 16. Such a manipulation
`tool 12 withstands repeated use any number of times, so it
`has a long life.
`
`.99-
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 4
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 4
`
`

`

`(4)
`
`Japan Patent Application Public Disclosure
`NO. 353-46923
`
`In addition to basket forceps, forceps for scraping out
`calculi, which are shaped as shown in Figures 3(A}, (B),
`and (C), exist as such a manipulation tool 12. All ofthcsc
`are formed of a 'Ii-Ni or another shape-memory alloy, for
`example, and the shapes ofthe use states shown in the
`figures are memorized. When {it} is inserted into an
`endoscope, it is detbrmed into a linear shape, such as that
`shown in Figure 4. In this manner, it is possible to rapidly
`and smoothly insert [it] into the path 16, and near the
`opening I4 [it] is heated by the heating means 18, thereby
`restoring its original shape (Le, the shape shown in Figure
`3), resulting in the usable stale.
`Another embodiment of the endosmpe of the present
`invention is shown in Figure 3. Unlike the straight-view
`endoscope, this is an example of a side—view endoscope
`shown in Figure I. The structural elements identical to
`those shown in Figure l are labeled identically. The head of
`this endoscope is panitionod into two chambers by a
`partition 30. The right side of the partition 30 in the same
`figure is completely waterproof, and it houses, for example,
`
`after which {it} exits to the exterior via the rectangular
`opening 44. The neck portion 46 of the biopsy forceps 32
`shown as an example is composed of a coil-shaped shape-
`memory alloy or a linear or tube-shaped Shape~mcm0ry
`alloy, as shown in the figure, and the use state shape, such
`as that shown in the figure, is memorized. That is, it is
`formed into a shape like that in the figure, heated to at least
`the transformation temperature, and cooled rapidly. If
`necessary, it is cooled, and as in the case shown in Figure ll,
`it is formed into a linear shape. Then it is inserted into the
`tube-shaped path 16 via. the forceps insertion hole of the
`endoscope operation portion, after which it is heated to at
`least the reverse-transfonnation temperature by means of
`the heating means l8, thereby restoring the original shape
`shown in the figure, which results in the usable state.
`In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the mechanisms
`required in a conventional endoscope (cg, the forceps
`standing table required for standing in the usable state the
`standing-type forceps, the wire that operates this, etc.) are
`not required. Therefore, the size of the endoscope itself
`shrinks and the mechanical operation portions become
`fewer, so device reliability also improves.
`
`Japan Patent Application Public Disclosure No. SSMG‘IB {4}
`
`a tube-shaped path 16 that guides the manipulation tool 32
`(cg, biopsy forceps) shown as an example, as well as the
`objective lens 22, mirror or prism 34, imaging lens 36, and
`image bundle 24 composed ofoptica] fiber. In addition, a
`light guide 38 is show as an example of a mechaniSm
`required in the endoscope, and as showrr in the figure, this
`passes through the partition 30 and extends to the window
`40 atthc top of the belt chamber. At the left end of the tube-
`shaped path 16, on opening 42 is formed in the partition 30,
`and as shown in the figure a heating element 18 is provided.
`This may be the same as [that of] the embodiment shown in
`Figure I. An opening 44 is formed in the side of the head
`sheath 10 (Le, at the top in Figure 5), and this forms a
`rectangle that is long in the lengthwise direction of the
`endoscope, when viewed fi'om above the figure. Other
`mechanisms required by an endoscope are omitted from the
`drawings for the sake of drawing simplicity.
`In the use state. a treatment tool 32 or self-standing
`forceps (cg, the biopsyr forceps in the figure) or a
`cannulation tube passes through the opening 42 at the left
`end of the tube-shaped path 16 and curves upward,
`
`By configuring as aforementioned the endoscope of
`the present invention, it is possible to smoothly insert and
`exnact a manipulation tool with the shape and size
`necessary in the use state. Consequently, it is possible to
`narrow the diameter of the endoscope relatively to the size
`and shape required by the manipulation tool, so it is
`possible to reduce the pain inflicted on a patient. Also, even
`when a self-sornding manipulation tool is used in a side-
`view endoscope, it is possible to configure so as to
`minimize the mechanical, movable parts, which improves
`device reliability.
`4. Brief Explanation of the Drawings
`Figure l is a partially cross-sectional side view
`showing an embodiment of the endoscope of the present
`invention.
`
`Figures 2—4 are diagrams showing the shape of the
`manipulation tool used in the endoscope of the present
`invention.
`Figure 5 is a partially cross~sectional view showing
`another embodiment of the endoscope of the present
`invention.
`
`Explanation of Symbols for Main Components
`l2 Manipulation tool
`16 Tube-shaped path
`is Hunting means
`
`~100-
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 5
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 5
`
`

`

`(5)
`
`Iapan Patent Application Public Disclosure
`No. 358-46923
`
`Japan Patmt Application Public Disclosure No. 5535—46923 {5)
`
`Patent applicants:
`
`Agent:
`
`Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
`Fuji Photo Optical 00., Ltd.
`Takao Katori, Patent Aflomey [sank] Katori
`
`Figure I
`
`Figme 3
`
`
`
`
`
`Figure 4
`
`mm:
`
`Figure 2
`
`JOI—
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 6
`
`Lombard Exhibit 1007, p. 6
`
`