IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
`
`Civil Action No. 10-389-LPS
`
`CONSOLIDATED
`
`JURY DEMANDED
`
`))))))))))))))))))))))))))
`
`SOFTVIEW LLC,
`
`v.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`APPLE INC.; AT&T MOBILITY LLC;
`DELL INC.; HTC CORP.; HTC
`AMERICA, INC.; HUAWEI
`TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.;
`FUTUREWEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;
`KYOCERA CORP.; KYOCERA
`WIRELESS CORP.; LG ELECTRONICS,
`INC.; LG ELECTRONICS USA, INC.;
`LG ELECTRONICS MOBILECOMM
`U.S.A., INC.; MOTOROLA MOBILITY
`INC.; SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO.,
`LTD.; SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
`AMERICA, INC.; SAMSUNG
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA,
`LLC; and SONY ERICSSON MOBILE
`COMMUNICATIONS (USA) INC.,
`
`Defendants.
`
`PLAINTIFF SOFTVIEW LLC'S TECHNOLOGY TUTORIAL
`
`2700769
`
`Motorola PX 1025_1
`
`
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
`
`Civil Action No. 10-389-LPS
`
`CONSOLIDATED
`
`JURY DEMANDED
`
`))))))))))))))))))))))))))
`
`SOFTVIEW LLC,
`
`v.
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`APPLE INC.; AT&T MOBILITY LLC;
`DELL INC.; HTC CORP.; HTC
`AMERICA, INC.; HUAWEI
`TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.;
`FUTUREWEI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;
`KYOCERA CORP.; KYOCERA
`WIRELESS CORP.; LG ELECTRONICS,
`INC.; LG ELECTRONICS USA, INC.;
`LG ELECTRONICS MOBILECOMM
`U.S.A., INC.; MOTOROLA MOBILITY
`INC.; SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO.,
`LTD.; SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
`AMERICA, INC.; SAMSUNG
`TELECOMMUNICATIONS AMERICA,
`LLC; and SONY ERICSSON MOBILE
`COMMUNICATIONS (USA) INC.,
`
`Defendants.
`
`PLAINTIFF SOFTVIEW LLC'S TECHNOLOGY TUTORIAL
`
`2700769
`
`Motorola PX 1025_1
`
`
`
`Plaintiff SoftView LLC respectfully submits the enclosed technology tutorial related
`
`to the patents-in-suit.
`
`
`
`Dated: September 21, 2012
`
`
`
`
`
`BLANK ROME LLP
`
`/s/ Steven L. Caponi
`By: ______________________________
`Steven L. Caponi (I.D. No. 3484)
`1201 Market Street, Suite 800
`Wilmington, DE 19801
`(302) 425-6400
`caponi@blankrome.com
`
`Attorneys for SoftView LLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OF COUNSEL:
`
`Morgan Chu
`Samuel K. Lu
`Erin McCracken
`Dorian S. Berger
`Craig Johnson
`IRELL & MANELLA LLP
`1800 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 900
`Los Angeles, CA 90067-4276
`(310) 277-1010
`mchu@irell.com; slu@irell.com;
`emccracken@irell.com; dberger@irell.com;
`cjohnson@irell.com
`
`September 21, 2012
`
`Motorola PX 1025_2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`This is SoftView’s technology tutorial for the SoftView LLC v. Apple
`
`Incorporated. et al. case.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Hello, my name is Gary Rohrabaugh. I am one of the two named
`
`inventors of the '353 and '926 patents that are at issue in this litigation.
`
`
`In this tutorial, I will explain some of the basic concepts involved in
`displaying web pages on mobile devices. I will also describe the technology
`disclosed by the patents-in-suit.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_4
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Before I begin, let me provide a brief summary of my educational
`background and my relevant work history.
`
`
`I have a bachelor of science in management from Purdue University, where
`I took a number of computer science classes. From 1979 to 1982, I worked for
`Texas Instruments in its computer systems division.
`
`After leaving Texas Instruments, I started a number of computer software
`companies that specialize in displaying graphical information on video displays. I
`started SoftSource in 1982.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_5
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In 2000, SoftSource spun off its mobile web browser business as a new
`
`company called Catarra. In addition to being one of the founders of Catarra, I
`was also its Chief Technical Officer. Unfortunately, the Internet bubble burst a
`year later. Catarra shut its doors when it ran through the remainder of its venture
`capital financing.
`
`In 2004, I acquired all of the intellectual property assets of Catarra. And in
`2005, I founded SoftView, the plaintiff in this case.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_6
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In this technology tutorial, I will first provide some background about
`
`Internet browsers for mobile devices. Then, I will discuss SoftSource's novel
`technology, which is disclosed in the two patents-in-suit. Finally, I will describe
`the concepts behind the implementation of this technology.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`One of SoftSource's core areas of expertise was software for creating and
`displaying computer-aided design drawings. You will hear me refer to this
`software as "CAD software." Before the introduction of CAD software,
`companies designing products such as automobiles or houses used paper
`blueprints. In fact, the term "blueprint" refers to the background color of the
`printed drawings.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_8
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`With CAD software, drawings are created on a computer and stored
`electronically. Changes can be easily made to the drawings. And the drawings can
`be shared by engineers, even if they work in different locations.
`
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_9
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CAD software also allows an engineer to view a drawing on a computer
`
`display rather than as a paper copy. Engineering drawings can be large and
`complex. Imagine a detailed drawing of a house as an example.
`
`CAD software also enables an engineer to zoom in on a portion of the
`
`drawing being displayed, as well as to move the relevant portion of the drawing
`into view on the display.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`When the Internet took off in the mid-1990's, SoftSource began exploring
`
`whether its expertise in CAD software could be used in this new area of
`technology.
`
`CAD drawings, like web pages, are viewed by multiple users who may
`operate computers having different size and resolution displays. One user might
`view a drawing on a large and very expensive high resolution display associated
`with a top of the line computer workstation, while another user might view the
`same drawing on a much smaller, low resolution notebook computer.
`
`
`The insights that SoftSource acquired while working in the CAD field
`formed the basis for the web browser technologies that we later developed. In
`particular, SoftSource addressed the challenge of how to view web pages on the
`small displays found on mobile devices. Those web pages were intended for the
`much larger displays found on desktop and notebook computers.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The Court is no doubt familiar with computer programs called web
`browsers that are used to access and display web pages. These web browsers
`include Internet Explorer, Safari and Chrome.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_12
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Using a web browser, a user can surf the web and access a web page such
`as the New York Times.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_13
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In the late 1990's, web pages were almost uniformly accessed by users from
`desktop or notebook computers having large, easily viewed screens. Cellular
`phones were used primarily to make and to receive phone calls. And personal
`digital assistants were used primarily as electronic Rolodexes and calendars.
`
`However, it became apparent to those of us at SoftSource that, as mobile
`devices became more prevalent, users would want to access these web pages
`through their mobile devices. In fact, engineers were already requesting the ability
`to access CAD drawings on their mobile devices for use on construction sites and
`factory floors.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_14
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SoftSource's prediction came true. Today, web browsing is a central
`function of smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices. In fact, cell phone
`carriers now charge by the amount of data downloaded rather than for the
`number of minutes of phone usage.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_15
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Let's go back to the late 1990's. At the time that SoftSource began working
`on its web browser, some companies and individuals had already begun
`developing technologies to enable the viewing of web pages on mobile devices.
`But these technologies were very limited.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_16
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Technically, it was possible to display an entire web page on the small
`
`screen of a mobile device. However, as you can see here, doing so was not
`particularly useful. The text and the images are too small to be read. The display
`of a mobile device had far fewer pixels than the display of a desktop or notebook
`computer.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_17
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Because of the difficulties encountered in displaying web pages on mobile
`devices, one approach was to strip out much of the information on a web page
`and reformat the remaining information so that it could be viewed on a mobile
`device. For example, this could involve removing all of the images on a web page
`and keeping only the text. This approach could also involve re-organizing the
`layout of the web page to make it easier to read on a mobile device’s small, low
`resolution display.
`
`One drawback to this approach is that much of the information on a web
`page might be contained in images. Another drawback to this approach is that re-
`organizing the layout of the web page means that the web page on the mobile
`device looks nothing like the web page as it would appear on a desktop or a
`notebook computer. This makes it difficult for a mobile device user to find the
`information he or she is looking for.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_18
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Now that I have provided some background about web browsing on
`early mobile devices, I will turn to SoftSource’s novel technology and the patents
`in suit.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_19
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SoftSource had experience in designing software for making CAD drawings
`viewable on a variety of devices. Thus, SoftSource was in a unique position to
`begin developing software for making web pages viewable on mobile devices.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_20
`
`
`
`
`
`SoftSource sought to design a web browser that was fully functional, even
`though the web page was being viewed on the small screen of a mobile device.
`SoftSource focused on a number of key features that would enable this
`functionality. I'll discuss the following four features in greater detail in a few
`moments, but they are:
`
`Preserving the original page layout of the web page;
`Zooming the web page in and out;
`Panning the web page; and
`Context-based zooming of the web page.
`
` •
`
`
`•
`•
`•
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_21
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SoftSource realized that the user should be able to view the web page as it was
`intended to be viewed by the web page designer. In other words, the web page should
`not be reformatted to strip out information such as images. The layout of the web page
`should not be re-formatted from the original page layout.
`
`Thus, SoftSource pursued an approach in which the web page displayed on a
`mobile device would look the same as if it were being displayed on a desktop computer
`– just smaller. SoftSource believed that users would benefit from using a web page they
`were already familiar with, rather than a reformatted web page with information, such as
`images, stripped out.
`
`Here, we see an example of what SoftSource's invention taught. To the far left
`we can see the New York Times web site displayed on a desktop computer. In the
`center is a web page with the same page being displayed on a mobile device. Two things
`jump out. First, information such as photos have not been stripped out of the web page
`when it is displayed on the mobile device. Second, the web page displayed on the
`mobile device in the center has the same page layout as the web page displayed on the
`desktop computer, on the left.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_22
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Here, we have a video of what preserving the original page layout looked
`like on SoftSource's mobile browser, which was developed in 2001.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_23
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Second, SoftSource recognized that users should be able to zoom in and
`out on a web page. Zooming is vital on mobile devices where the reduced display
`makes it necessary to allow a user to zoom in on a section of the web page which
`is relevant to their inquiry. Zooming allows a viewer to read text and to see
`images that would otherwise be too small if the full web page were displayed on
`the small screen of the mobile device.
`
`Here, we have a video of what zooming in and out looks like on the
`SoftSource's Clearview mobile browser.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_24
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Third, SoftSource realized that the user should be able to pan the web
`page. In other words, once the user has zoomed in on a portion of the web page,
`the user should be able to move the web page up and down, as well as right and
`left, to view portions of the web page that are not currently being displayed.
`
`Here, we have a video of panning on SoftSource's ClearView
`mobile browser.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_25
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Fourth, SoftSource realized that users should be able to zoom in on a
`specific image, a paragraph, or a column of the web page simply by tapping on it.
`Context zooming avoids the need for a user to manually zoom in and pan to the
`relevant area of interest. Instead, tapping on an image zooms in on that image.
`Tapping on a column would zoom in on that column. And the same would be
`true of a paragraph.
`
`Here, we have a video showing context zooming on SoftSource's
`ClearView mobile browser. Notice that the image which is selected is zoomed
`through the user tapping on the image.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_26
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`In this part of the technology tutorial, I will briefly describe the basic
`concepts behind the implementation of SoftSource's novel technology.
`
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_27
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I will assume that the Court has some familiarity with the global system of
`interconnected computer networks that we call the Internet. A user's client
`computer or mobile device, shown in blue, can access the Internet to
`communicate with a web server, shown in orange. This connection can be over a
`wireless connection such as a cellular network or a WiFi network.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_28
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Let's discuss how web pages are requested and transferred to a user's
`mobile device.
`
`First, a user requests a web page through the browser on their mobile
`device. For example, a user opens a browser and requests the New York Times’s
`web page.
`
`Second, the mobile device sends a message through the cellular network
`that is then routed via the Internet to the web server. This is indicated with the
`red highlighted lines on the diagram.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_29
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Third, the web server responds to the request by providing the mobile
`device with the information needed to display the web page. This information is
`provided to the web browser on the mobile device.
`
`This information may include text, images, sounds, and hyperlinks to other
`web pages. This information may also include computer markup language that
`defines the appearance and layout of the text, images, and other information on
`the web page.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_30
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`You will hear me refer to Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML, which
`is the most commonly used computer markup language for displaying web pages.
`You will also hear me refer to Cascading Style Sheet Format, another commonly
`used computer markup language for displaying web pages. HTML and Cascading
`Style Sheets are web page formats which describe the layout of a web page,
`including the content such as images, links, and text, and the location and
`relationship of that content. Each web page is comprised of the HTML or
`Cascading Style Sheet file and then all the images and other elements on the
`web page.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_31
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`All web browsers contain what is called a rendering engine. A rendering
`engine is a part of the web browser program that determines how to lay out a web
`page, including the text, images, and other data contained on the web page.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_32
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The first thing that the disclosed rendering engine does is to parse or
`analyze the language that defines the appearance and layout of the web page. This
`enables the rendering engine to understand all of the elements in a web page and
`the relationship of those elements to one another. When an HTML or Cascading
`Style Sheet file is parsed by the rendering engine, the rendering engine creates a
`tree structure identifying the text, images, and other elements on a web page, and
`creating a hierarchy between them.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_33
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The next thing that the disclosed rendering engine does is translate layout
`information received from the server into content that can be displayed in a
`resolution independent manner. This means that the size of the screen won't
`matter when the content is displayed.
`
`Here we can see objects in the HTML or Cascading Style Sheet Format—
`such as the text element "Ancient Egyptian Life" and the image
`"Hieroglyphics"—are laid out on an X Y coordinate by the rendering engine in
`the web browser.
`
`It is important to realize that the web page information or content received
`by the client from the server is in HTML language or Cascading Style Sheet
`Format language. A web page is designed for display on desktop and notebook
`computer displays, not mobile devices.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_34
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The purpose of the translation step is to process HTML and Cascading
`Style Sheet data into resolution independent content that can be displayed on any
`size display. In other words, web pages that are designed to be displayed on a
`desktop or notebook computer display are translated so that they can be easily
`displayed on a much smaller mobile device screen. When a rendering engine lays
`out information on an X Y grid independent of screen resolution, the web page
`can be displayed not only on a desktop computer, but also on the reduced screen
`size of a mobile device display.
`
`The patents teach that the processed content takes the form of "scalable
`content" or "vector based content." The Court should be aware that the terms
`"scalable content" and "vector-based content" are disputed claim terms.
`However, it would be difficult to discuss the patents-in-suit without touching on
`these concepts, so I will endeavor to do so in a non-argumentative manner.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_35
`
`
`
`
`
` A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Let's talk about scaling first. Like a lot of kids, I built scale models when I
`was younger.
`
` scale model is a physical copy of a real object, such as an airplane. In the
`case of an airplane scale model, the model is smaller than the actual object being
`represented. But a scale model could also be larger than the actual object being
`represented if the object is small. For example, a scale model of a human cell is
`much larger than an actual human cell.
`
`The idea of a scale model is to maintain the relative proportions of the
`physical size of the original object. This relative proportion is called the scale
`factor.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_36
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Here, we have an image of a box that contains a model airplane. You'll
`notice the number one-colon-seventy-two on the box. That means the model
`airplane is one-seventy-second the size of the actual, real life airplane. One-to-
`seventy-two is what is referred to as the scale factor.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_37
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`What do I mean by scale factor? If you were to take a model airplane and
`increase its size by 72 times, which is the scale factor, the model should have the
`same dimensions as the actual airplane being represented.
`
`So imagine that the 1/72nd scale model airplane is a mere 10 inches long.
`This would mean that the airplane in real life would be 72 times the size of that,
`which is 60 feet long, or 720 inches.
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_38
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Conversely, if you were to take the actual airplane and shrink it to 1/72nd
`of its size, the actual airplane should have the same dimensions as the model
`airplane. So, for example, if a real life airplane were 60 feet or 720 inches long,
`the model airplane would be 1/72nd of that or 10 inches long.
`
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_39
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The same idea applies to scalable content for a web page. Again, "scalable
`content" is a disputed claim term. But the patents-in-suit teach converting the
`HTML and Cascading Style Sheet Format content into scalable content.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_40
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Using that scalable content, the web page can be quickly drawn at various
`sizes or zoom levels.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_41
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`By way of example, let's imagine that this web page has been translated into
`scalable content. The browser can zoom in and zoom out the web page by
`multiplying the scalable content by a scale factor. A scale factor of 2 would
`correspond to a view of the web page that is twice the size. A scale factor of 4
`would correspond to a view of the web page that is four times the size. And a
`scale factor of ½ or .5 would correspond to a view of the web page that is half its
`size.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_42
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`This takes us to vectors, which is a disputed claim term. A vector is a type
`of scalable content. In computer graphics, vectors are mathematical equations
`used to represent information, such as shapes. Vector information can take
`several forms such as images, technical drawings, and/or fonts. Vectors allow
`information to be scaled up or down.
`
`Here you can see two images. Although they appear at first glance to be
`the same, one is what is called a raster graphics image, which means that each
`pixel in the image is defined. When we scale the image up, the image becomes
`rough edged or pixelated. In contrast, the second image is a vector image where
`individual pixels are not defined. Instead, mathematical formulas define the data
`used to display and scale the image. As you can see, this image can be scaled
`without degradation.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_43
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`I realized that layout information for a web page could be converted into
`vectors. By defining layout information as vectors, the layout of a web page can
`be preserved, and a user can easily zoom in and out of relevant sections. These
`vectors define how objects in a web page are laid out.
`
`Let's say you have an image in a web page. Instead of saying the image is
`going to be laid out 30 pixels down and 40 pixels to the right, image layout
`information could be described using vectors. Here we can see the vector based
`layout information indicated in blue. For a web page such as the New York
`Times that means that an image is laid out not based on the number of pixels the
`image should be, but instead, by its relationship to the X Y coordinates.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_44
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The math surrounding vectors can be quite complicated, so I won't delve into it
`too deeply in this tutorial. However, I would like to discuss the basic concept of a
`vector. You cannot touch or feel a vector. It is simply a mathematical expression. Like
`the equation 2+2. As we discussed above, vectors are used in a variety of contexts such
`as images, fonts and layout information.
`
`
`
` A
`
` A
`
` vector is a connection between two points in an X Y coordinate. In this case,
`we'll be talking about two-dimensional space because a web page on a computer display
`is drawn in two dimensions. Thus, we will use an X Y coordinate system.
`
`Then, we need to define an origin point for the vector. In this case, we will use
`(0,0). However, the decision to use an origin point of (0,0) is an arbitrary one. We
`could choose any origin point we desire, so long as we consistently use that origin point.
`
` vector represents both a length and a direction in two-dimensional space. In
`an x-y coordinate system, we can represent a vector by the mathematical expression (10,
`10). This expression signifies a length, which is the distance from the origin to the point
`(10,10). This expression also signifies a direction relative to the origin.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_45
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The vector can be scaled up by multiplying it by a scale factor. Here, we
`multiply the vector (10,10) by a scale factor of 2 to get (20,20). This would
`produce a vector that is twice as long as the original.
`
`
`
`Motorola PX 1025_46
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The vector can also be scaled down by multiplying it by a scale factor.
`Here, we multiply the vector (10,10) by a scale factor of ½ or .5 to get (5,5). This
`would produce a vector that is half the length of the original.
`
`Vectors can be manipulated in many other ways, but as I previously
`mentioned, a discussion of the math surrounding vectors is beyond the scope of
`this brief tutorial.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_47
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`As I’ve explained, elements such as text and images can be laid out using
`vectors. Here, we can see a web page on the left as a user of a mobile device sees
`a web page displayed. On the right, we can see how the mobile device thinks
`about the same web page. Notice that a stock chart, shown in green, is viewed by
`the mobile device as being positioned based on vectors which define the layout
`information of the element. Here, the upper left corner of the green box is
`identified at 250C. The arrow from the origin to the point is the vector.
`
`This goes to the core of SoftSource's groundbreaking web browser, which
`displays web pages on mobile devices by breaking down a web page into elements
`and rendering the elements of a web page in a resolution independent space. This
`allows the web page to be displayed as originally intended and to be zoomed and
`panned by a user.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_48
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` I
`
` hope that my introduction to mobile web browsers, as well as the key
`concepts disclosed in the '353 and '926 patents, has been useful to the Court.
`
`Thank you.
`
`Motorola PX 1025_49
`
`
Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.
After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.
Accept $ Charge
Still Working On It
This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.
Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.
A few More Minutes ... Still Working
It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.
Thank you for your continued patience.
This document could not be displayed.
We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.
Your account does not support viewing this document.
You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.
Your account does not support viewing this document.
Set your membership
status to view this document.
With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll
get a whole lot more, including:
- Up-to-date information for this case.
- Email alerts whenever there is an update.
- Full text search for other cases.
- Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.
One Moment Please
The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.
Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.
Your document is on its way!
If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.
Sealed Document
We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.
If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.
Access Government Site
