Ne'LBEU CTUEf PPP
`
`T€P%IP—everTC PHP oger PPP
`IPX over PPP
`SLIP
`Network Access with RAS in Windows NT
`
`Ghapeer—3—Neewerking—Geneep%s—fer—T€PnP
`The RAS server provides a pool of IP addresses that are reserved for static
`configuration
`during RAS installation. The IP addresses are automatically assigned to RAS
`clients using PPP
`when they dial in. If; the administrator sets up the RAS server to use asieaiaeg
`static pool of addresses,
`all clients dialing intc>a.particular RAS server are assigned the same network
`ID as the RAS
`
`server plus unique host IDs;2§.
`also reservereser§[e that
`range of static addresses on the DHCP server, if present,
`those addresses
`
`(Of course,
`
`the network administrator must
`
`to make sure that
`
`are not assigned.)
`
`RAS clients can connect to multiple TCP/IP;§ networks that are logically
`joined (but physically
`separate) networks sharing the same address space. When using multiple
`connections,
`the
`(or third D814 —mn
`PPP of s
`P1
`
`[flilfindcl/me NT3.l. mn
`h@ r2M
`
`RAS client can still use DNS and WINS for name reselaeienresotution.
`
`For complete details about RAS, see the Wérndewsvwndows NT Server Remote Access
`Service manual.
`
`Name Resolution for Windows Networking
`Name Resolution with Host Files
`
`For computers located on remote subnets where WINS is not used, the HOSTS and
`LMHOSTS files provide mappings for names to IP addresses. This is the name
`resolution
`
`method.used.on.ineemeewerksinternetworks before DNS and.WINS were developed.
`The HOSTS file can be
`
`used as a local DNS equivalent. The LMHOSTS file can be used as a local WINS
`equivalent.
`Each of these files is also known as ahest—eablea host fable. Sample versions
`of LMHOSTS and HOSTS
`files are added to the
`
`—ys%emree%%S¥STEM%%%BRI¥ERSlsysfemroofISYSTENl32\DRlVERS\ETC directory
`when you install
`Microsoft TGP+TOP[IP. These files can be edited using any.ASCII editor, such
`as Notepad or Edit,
`which are part of Windows NT.
`Microsoft TCP/IP can be configured.to<aaaEehSearch.HOSTS, the local host table
`file, for mappings of
`remote host names to IP addresses. The HOSTS file format is the same as the
`format for host
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 61
`
`

`
`tables in the 4.3 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX
`/ete%hes%sefc[hosfs file. For example,
`the
`entry for a computer with an address of 192.102.73.6 and a host name of
`trey—researehresear<:h.com
`looks like this:
`
`I9QTI9%w4%w6—trey—researeh7eem
`Edit the sample HOSTS filefiie that is created when you install TCP/IP to
`include remote host
`
`names and their IP addresses for each computer with which you will communicate .
`This
`
`sample file alseaiso explains the syntax of the HOSTS file.
`The LMHOSTS file is a local text file that maps IP addresses to NetBIOS computer
`names for
`
`Windows—networking computers that you will communicate with outside of the
`local subnet. For
`
`example, the LMHOSTS table file entry for aeempu%era.computer with an address
`of l92.45.36.5 and a
`
`computer name of Finanee—}Financei
`l92T45T36T§—finaneel
`6%—$GPHP
`
`looks like this:
`
`The LMHOSTS file is read when WINS or broadcast name resolution fails, and
`reselvedresoived
`
`entries are stored in asystema system cache for later access.
`When the computer uses the replicator service and does not use WINS, LMHOSTS
`entries are
`
`required on import and.export servers for any computers on different subnets
`participating in
`the replication. LMHOSTS is also used for smallsmail—scale networks that do
`not have servers. For
`
`more information about the LMHOSTS file, see Chapter 6, "Setting Up LMHOSTS."
`Networking Concepts for TCP/IP 150f17
`192.
`l02.73.6 trey—research.com
`192.45.36.5 Hnancel
`
`Name Resolution for Windows Networking
`Domain Name System Addressing
`The Domain Name Systen1(DNS) is adistributeda.distributed.database providing
`a hierarchical naming
`system for identifying hosts on the Internet. DNS was developed to solve the
`problems that
`arose when the number of hosts on the Internet grew dramatically in the early
`l98GsTl98O3. The
`
`specifications for DNS are defined in RFCs 1034 and 1035. Although DNS may
`seem similar to
`
`there is a major difference: DNS requires static configuration for
`WINS,
`computer name—to—IP;§
`address mapping, while WINS is fully dynamic and requires far less
`administration.
`
`The DNS database is a tree structure called the domain name space, wherewhere
`each domain
`(node in the tree structure) is named.and can.contain.subdomains. The domain
`name identifies
`
`the domain's position in the database in relation to its parent domain, with
`a period (.)
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 62
`
`

`
`separating each part of the names for the network nodes of the DNS domain.
`The root of the DNS database is managed by the Internet Network Information
`Center. The
`
`top—level domains were assigned organizationally and.by country. These domain
`names follow
`
`the international standard eseggg 3166. Two—le%%er~ etter and three—letter
`abbreviations are used for
`
`countries, and various abbreviations are reserved for use by organizations,
`as shown in the
`
`following exampleT—eXample.
`DNS domain name abbreviation Type of organization
`com
`9--C
`H”
`ov
`or
`e
`('1'H”
`(for example, miereseftTeem+——microsoftcom)
`Commercial
`edu——Educational
`(for example, mit.edu for Massachusetts
`Technology)
`gev——Government
`Foundation)
`
`(for example, nsf.gov for the National Science
`
`Institute of
`
`fideneeeergfidonetorg for
`
`erg——Noncommercial organizations (for example,
`
`% F
`
`idONef)
`
`net——Networking organizations (for example nsfrnetnsfnet for NSFNET)
`
`Each DNS domain is administered by different organizations, which usually
`break their
`
`domains into subdomains and assign administration of the subdomains to other
`organizations.
`Each domain has a unique name, and each of the subdomains have unique names
`within their
`
`domains. The label for each network domain is a name of up to 63 characters.
`The fully—qualifiedfu[[y
`qua[[Wed.domain.name (FQDN), which includes the names of all network domains
`leading back
`to the root, is unique for each.host on the Internet. Apar%ieelarA.particular
`DNS name could be similar to
`
`for a commercial host:
`the following,
`accounting.trey.com
`DNS uses a client—server model, where the DNS servers contain information
`about a portion of
`the DNS database and make this information available to clients, called
`resolvers,
`that query
`the name server across the network. DNS name serverssenzers are programs that
`store information
`
`about parts of the domain name space called zones. The administrator for a
`domain sets up
`name servers that contain the database files with all the resource records
`
`describing all hosts
`in their zones. DNS resolvers are clients that are trying to use name servers
`to gain information
`about the domain name space.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 63
`
`

`
`Windows NT ineludesinciudes the DNS resolver functionality used by NetBIOS
`over TCP/IP and by
`Windows Sockets connectivity applications such as ftp and.telnet to query the
`name server
`
`and interpret the responses.
`Networking Concepts for TCP/IP 16 of17
`
`Theieafggy task for DNS is to present friendly'names fortisers and then resolve
`those names to lP
`
`ii addresses, as required by the internetwork. Name resolution is provided
`through DNS by the
`name servers, which interpret the information in.a FQDN to find its specific
`address. Ifalf a local
`
`name server doesn't contain the data requested in a query, it sends back names
`and
`addresses of other name servers that could contain the information. The
`
`resolver then queries
`the other name servers until it finds the specific name and.address it needs.
`This process is
`made faster because name servers continuously cache the information learned
`about the
`
`domain name space as the result of queries.
`All the resolver software necessary for using DNS on the Internet is installed
`with Microsoft
`
`TCP+4IP. To use DNS for TCP/IP name resolution, you specify options in the
`DNS Configuration
`dialog box. For more information, see Chapter 2, ¢¢Installing"lnstalling and
`Configuring Microsoft TCP/IP;§
`and SNMP."
`
`On computers with Windows NT Server 3 . 5 , Windows NT Workstation 3 . 5 , or Windows
`for
`
`Workgroups 3.11 with Microsoft TCP/IP—32 installed, Windows Socket
`applications can use
`either DNS or NetBIOS over TCP/IP for name resolution.
`6-4—’JT-GP-H-P
`
`The following table compares DNS versus WINS name resolution.
`
`
`
`Supports MX records for electronic mail——mail No Yes
`Supports recursion and referral for name resolution No Yes
`Provides hierarchical naming and resolution —Ne——¥es——scheme No Yes
`Includes DNS name server No Yes
`Ineludesincludes DNS name resolution client Yes Yes
`
`Provides static name resolution Yes
`
`(optional)
`
`
`
`Provides a name :esolution solution for large peer——¥es——Ne——based Yes
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 64
`
`

`
`TCP+4IP networks (50,000+ systems)
`.
`.
`.
`
`elients—only
`E
`3
`reselutien
`E
`
`.
`
`.
`
`E;
`
`J
`
`E.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`3
`
`.
`
`E
`
`3
`
`including browsing —¥es——Ne——and Yes
`Supports easy administration,
`managing dynamic and static registrations
`Yes
`(only)
`
`NO
`
`l_Queries DNS servers via Windows Sockets applications or,
`networking
`applications, via NetBIOS over TCP/IP (after using WINS first)
`WINS Versus DNS Name Resolution
`WINS
`
`for Windows
`
`Provides scalable naming authority for large
`internetworks
`Yes Yes
`
`Provides a dynamic, distributed naming authority for
`TCP/iP network names
`X§§
`Name provider capabilities
`Not dynamic
`Queries DNS servers
`Provides name server in operating system
`Resolves NetBIOS—compatible names
`
`E E S
`
`upports automatic name registration For WINS clients
`Supports dynamic NetBIOS name registration and
`resolution
`
`E S
`
`upports managing hosts configured via DHCP Yes
`Centralizes management of the name database——¥es——Ne
`Defines server replication partners and policies——¥es——Ne
`Alleviates LMHOSTS management requirements
`Yes —Ne
`
`E ER
`
`educes IP broadcast traffic in Windows—based
`internetworks
`Ye S?N6
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 65
`
`

`
`
`
`SNMP
`
`Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used by administrators to monitor
`and
`
`control remote hosts and gateways on an internetwork. The Windows NT SNMP
`service allows
`
`a Windows NT computer to be monitored remotely but does not
`application to
`monitor other SNMP systems on the network.
`Note
`
`include an
`
`You must install the SNMP service to use the TCP/IP performance counters in
`Performance
`
`Monitor, as described.in.Chapter XTg£ "Using Performance Monitor with TCP/IP
`Services."
`
`SNMP is a network management protocol widely used in TCP/IP networks. These
`kinds of
`
`protocols are used to communicate between a management program run by an
`administrator
`
`and the network management agent running on a host or gateway. These protocols
`define the
`
`form and meaning of the messages exchanged,
`values in the
`
`the representation of names and
`
`messages, and administrative relationships among hosts being managed. SNMP
`defines a set
`
`of variables that the host must keep and.specifies that all operations on the
`gateway are side
`effects of getting, putting, or setting the data variables. Because different
`network—;management
`services are used for different types of devices or for different
`network—management protocols,
`each service has its own set of objects. The entire set of objects that any
`servieesengice or protocol
`uses is referred to as its management information base (MIB).
`The Windows NT SNMP service includes MIB Eéii
`(based on RFC 1213) and LAN
`Manager MIB ET
`
`g plus M£BsMlBs for DHCP and WINS servers, as described in Appendix A,
`Object Types for
`Windows NT." The SNMP service allows SNMP—based.managers to perform standard
`SNMP
`
`"MIB
`
`commands, such as reading the counters in.the standa1t1M$BsMll3s included with
`the service.
`
`Windows NT SNMP has an extensible architecture, so it can be used to create
`custom
`
`functionality on.aiNindows NT computer, such as starting and.stopping specific
`services or
`
`shutting down the system.
`The SNMP service works with any computer running Windows NT and the TCP/IP
`protocol.
`With the SNMP service, a Windows NT computer can report its current status
`to an SNMP
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 66
`
`

`
`management system on a TCP/IP network. The service sends status information
`to a host in
`two cases:
`
`4; When a management system requests such information
`41 When asignifieanta significant event occurs on the Windows NT computer
`The SNMP service can handle requests from one or more hosts, and it can also
`report
`network—management information to one or more hosts,
`data called traps.
`The SNMP service uses the unique host names and IP addresses of devices to
`recognize the
`host(s) to which it reports information.and from which it receives requests.
`When a network manager requests information about adevieea device on the
`network, SNMP
`management software can be used to determine object values that represent
`network status.
`
`in discrete blocks of
`
`MIB objects represent various types of information about the device. For
`example,
`the
`management station might request an object called.SvStatOpen, which would be
`the total
`
`number of files open on the Windows NT computer.
`The SNMP service for Windows NT supports multiple MIBs through an agent
`Application
`Programming Interface (API) extension interface. At SNMP service startup
`time,
`the SNMP
`service loadsallail of the extension—agent dynamic link libraries (DLLs) that
`are defined in the
`
`Windows NT Registry. Two extension—;agent DLLs come with.Windows NT7£ others
`may be
`Networking Concepts for TCP/IP 17 of17
`
`developed and added by users.
` R—4
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP
`Servers
`
`ABynamieA Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
`Server computer
`
`(DHCP) server is a Windows NT
`
`running Microsoft TCP+4IP and the DHCP—compatible server software. DHCP is
`defined in
`
`(RFCs) 1533, 1534, 1541, and 1542.
`Requests for Comments
`This chapter describes how to install and manage servers to support DHCP in
`Windows NT
`
`and also presents strategies for implementing DHCP. The following topics are
`included in this
`
`chapter:
`-0-
`
`Overview of the DHCP client—server model
`
`-0-
`
`Installing DHCP servers and using DHCP Manager
`
`-0-
`
`Defining DHCP scopes
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 67
`
`

`
`-0-
`
`Configuring DHCP options
`
`-0-
`
`Administering DHCP clients
`
`-0-
`
`Managing the DHCP database files
`
`-0-
`
`Troubleshooting DHCP
`
`-0-
`
`Advanced configuration parameters for DHCP
`
`-0-
`
`Guidelines for setting local policies
`
`-0-
`
`Planning a strategy for DHCP
`Important Tfyee
`If you want to use a DHCP server to support subnetworks that span multiple
`routers, you may
`need a firmware upgrade for your routers. Your routers must support RFCs
`
`153371538
`1534, 1541,
`and 1542.
`
`To findwout about.DHCP—relay'agent support, ee&HaaeEContact.your router vendor.
`For more information,
`refer to RFC1542.TXT available via anonymous FTP from
`ftp.in%ernieinternio.net:/rfc.
`E
`.
`E ==f==fT?
`3
`E
`Chapter 4 1of33
`
`Configuring DHCP servers for a network provides these benefits:
`._____
`
`The administrator can.centrally define global and.subnet TCP/EP;§ parameters
`for the entire ineerneewerk
`
`internetvvork and define parameters for reserved clients.
`
`as
`
`;=Client computers do not require manual TCP/IP configuration” When.a client
`computer
`moves between subnets, it is reconfigured.for TGP$£PTCP[IP automatically at
`system startup time.
`DHCP uses a client—server model. The network administrator establishes one
`or more DHCP
`
`servers that maintain TCP/IP configuration information to be provided to
`clients that make
`
`requests.
`The DHCP serversewer database includes the following:
`._____
`
`Valid configuration parameters for all clients on the
`internetwerkintemetwork.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 68
`
`

`
`as
`
`;=Valid IP addresses maintained in a pool for assignment to clients, plus
`reserved addresses
`
`for manual assignment.
`
`as
`
`;=Duration.of leases and.other configuration parameters offered by the server.
`The lease
`
`defines the length of time for which the assigned IP address can be used.
`AWindewsA Windows NT computer becomes a DHCP client if the Enable Automatic
`DHCP Configuration
`option is checked in the Windows NT TCP/IP Tnstallatieninstallation.Options
`dialog box. When aBH€P—a DHCP
`client computer is started, it communicates with a DHCP serversenger to
`receive the required TCP+4IP
`configuration.information? This configuration information includes at least
`an £P;§ address and
`submask plus the lease associated with the configuration.
`Note
`
`DHCP client software is part of theggg Microsoft TCP/IP—32 for Windows for
`Workgroups software
`and.the Microsoft Network Client 2.0 software that are included on the Windows
`NT Server
`
`compact disc. For information about installing this software, see the
`Windewsvwgvdows NT Server Tnstallatien
`[nsfallafion Guide.
`For an overview of how DHCP works, see "Dynamic Host Configuration.Protocol"
`in Chapter 3,
`"Networking Concepts for TCP/IP."
`Note
`
`DHCP can be monitored using SNMP. For a list of DHCP MIB object types, see
`Appendix A,
`"MIB Object Types for Windows NT."
`é=Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers
`Overview of DHCP Clients and Servers
`2of33
`
`You install a DHCP server as part of the process of installing Microsoft
`TCP/IP. These
`instructions assume you have already installed the Windows NT Server operating
`system on
`the computer.
`Caution
`
`Before installing a new DHCP server, check for other DHCP servers on the
`network to avoid
`
`interfering with them.
`You must be a member of the Administrators group for the computer you are
`installing or
`administering as a DHCP server.
`To install a DHCP serversewer
`
`Start the Network option in Control Panel. When the Network Settings
`1.
`dialog box appears,
`choose the.Add.Software button to display the Add Network Software dialog box.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 69
`
`

`
`In the Network Software list box, select TCP+4IP PreteeelProtocol And
`2.
`RelatedRetated Components, and
`then choose the Continue button.
`
`3. énig the Windows NT TCP/EP;§ Installation.Options dialog box, eheekCheck
`the appropriate options
`to be installed,
`including at least DHCP Server Service. Also check SNMP
`Servieegenlige if you
`want to use Performance Monitor or SNMP to monitor DHCP.
`
`Choose the OK button. Windows NT Setup displays a message asking for
`4.
`the full path to
`the Windows NT Server distribution files. Provide the appropriate location,
`and choose the
`Continue button.
`
`All necessary files are copied to your hard disk. When the Network Settings
`dialog box
`reappears after you finishing configuring TCP/IP, choose the OK button.
`5.
`Complete all the required procedures for manually configuring TCP/IP
`as described in
`
`"Configuring TCP/$P;§" in Chapter 2, "Installing and Configuring Microsoft
` TCP[ IP and
`
`SNMP.-LL;
`éfig this DHCP server is multihomed.(has multiple network adapters), you.must
`use the
`
`Advanced Microsoft TCP-PEP; Configuration dialog box to specify IP addresses
`and other
`
`information for each network adapter.
`Also, ifanyif any adapter on the DHCP server is connected to a subnet that
`you do not wantwant this
`server to support,
`then you must disable the bindings to that subnet for the
`particular
`adapterré To do this, choose the Network option in Control Panel,
`the Bindings
`button in the Network Settings dialog box and disable the related binding.
`Note
`
`then choose
`
`You.cannot use DHCP to automatically configure anewa.new DHCP server, because
`
`a c
`
`omputer cannot be a DHCP elientciient and server simultaneously.
`All the appropriate TCP/IP and DHCP software is ready for use after you reboot
`the computer.
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers
`Installing DHCP Sewers
`3of33
`
`The DHCP Client service is a Windows NT service running on a Windows NT
`computer. The
`supporting DHCP client software is automatically installed for computers
`running Windows NT
`Server or Windows NT Workstation.when.you install the basic operating system
`software.
`
`The Microsoft DHCP Server service starts automatically during system startup
`if you have
`installed Jehérstiwis service. You will probably want to pause the service while
`you are configuring
`scopes for the ftrsefirst time.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 70
`
`

`
`.,. To pause the DHCP Serversewer service at any Windows NT computer
`1.
`In Control Panel, choose the Services icon.
`_O r_
`
`In Server Manager, choose Services from the Computer menu.
`2.
`In the Services dialog box, select the Microsoft DHCP Server service.
`
`3w————
`
`;£=Choose the Pause button, and then choose the Close button.
`You can also start, stop, and pause the DHCP service at the command prompt
`using the
`commands net start dhcpserver or net stop dhcpserver or net pause dhcpserver.
`Using—BH€P—Manager
`
`Sewer Scope DHCPOptions View Help
`Paady
`DHCP Sewers
`
`Q_QQ§
`@1105
`
`(9 01 5
`(9 023
`© 044
`9 045
`
`Router 11.1 O3.—ll.58, 11.1 05.0.1 11.1 01 .0
`"ame §e 'Ve1
`~ 1
`Domam Name miclosofl.com
`Default Tlme lo Irve 0x10
`
`wms/NBNS Servers 11.105.87.98, 0.0.0.0
`NelB|US over TCP/IP NBDD 0.0.0.0
`(9127.u.n.1
`I
`:
`‘~ _I
`
`[11.1l]3.U.U]Bldg3 H
`Q [l1.l0l.O.U]Bldg3Ad
`Option Configuration
`The DHCP Manager icon is added to the Network Administration Tools group in
`Program
`Manager when.you set up a Windows NT Server computer to be a DHCP server. You
`must
`
`use DHCP Manager to perform these basic tasks:
`QT
`
`Create one or more DHCP scopes to begin providing DHCP services
`
`-Ia
`
`Beftnel Define properties for the scope,
`duration and IP address ranges to be
`distributed to potential DHCP elienesciients in the scope
`
`ineludinginciuding the lease
`
`-Ia
`
`Beftne' Define default values for options such as the default gateway, DNS
`server, or WINS server
`
`to be assigned together with an IP address, or add any custom options
`The procedures for completing these tasks are described in the following
`sections.
`
`Ghap%er—4—Installing—and—Genfiguring—BH€P—Servers
`To start DHCP Manager
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 71
`
`

`
`[lioubie—click the DHCP Manager icon in the Network Administration
`0
`group in Program
`Manager.
`_O I*_
`
`type start dhcpadmn and press EN¥EREnter.
`At the command prompt,
`DHCP Manager window shows the local computer the first time you start DHCP
`Manager.
`Subsequently,
`Manager has
`
`the window shows alisea list of the DHCP servers to which_DHCP
`
`connected, plus their scopes. Iheggg status bar reports the current DHCP
`Manager activities.
`
`
`
`Important
`When_you are working with_DHCP Manager, all computer names are DNS host names
`only,
`such as accounting.trey.com. The NetBIOS computer names used in Windows
`networking
`are not allewedailowed.
`IJ&+r——————To connect to a DHCP server
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers
`Using DHCP Manager
`4of33
`
`Enter the address of the DHCP server to add to
`the list of sewers:
`
`QHCP Server :
`l
`.
`ll.lOl.5.43
`
`1.
`
`From the Server menuT; choose the Add command.
`
`,..
`
`In the Add DHCP Server To Known Server List dialog box,
`2.
`short name or IP
`
`type the DNS
`
`address for the DHCP server you want to connect to, and then choose the OK
`buttonT£
`For example,
`eerpelr
`corp0l.trey.com in this box.
`IJJ+T——£=To disconnect from a selected DHCP serversewer
`0 From the Server menu, choose Remove, or press BE£Del.
`
`type an address such as ll.l.26.30 or type a DNS name such as
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers sof as
`Defining DHCP Scopes
`A DHCP scope is an administrative grouping of computers running the DHCP Client
`service.
`
`You will create a scope for each subnet on the network to defmedefine
`parameters for that subnet.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 72
`
`

`
`Each scope has the following properties:
`._____
`
`Aenique' A unique subnet mask used.to determine the subnet related to a given
`IP address
`
`-Ia
`
`Aseepel A scope name assigned.by the administrator when the scope is created
`
`.31
`
`;=Lease duration values to be assigned to DHCP clients with.dynamic addresses
`
`IP Address Pool
`Start Address.
`End Address.
`Subnet Mask.
`
`Enclusron Flange.
`Start Address.
`End Address.
`Lease Duration
`0 Unlrmrted
`© Limrted To.
`Name.
`Comment.
`Excluded Addresses
`
`D a 9[s] Hour[s] Minutes
`
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`Bldg 3 Admin
`UK Cancel Help
`Ghapter—4—%nstalling—and—Genéigaring—BH€P—Servers—Defining DHCP Scopes
`Creating Scopes
`You must use DHCP Manager to create, manage, or remove scopes.
`To create a new DHCP scope
`In the DHCP Servers list in the DHCP Manager window, select the server
`1.
`£er—whiehsewer forwhich you
`want to create aseepea scope.
`2.
`From the Scope menu, choose Create.
`
`E++—eleded—Addresses+
`TSTtart—Address+—111—T19&—w9—T1
`Address—11T1—€1w9T25
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 73
`
`

`
`
`
`To define the available range of IP addresses for this scope,
`3.
`beginning and ending
`IP addresses for the range in the Start Address and End Address boxes.
`The IP address range willwill include the Start and End values.
`Note
`
`type the
`
`You must supply this information before this scope can be activated.
`4.
`D1theSubnetMaskbox,DHCPManagerproposesasubnetasubnetmask,based
`on the IP
`
`address of the Start and.End.addresses. Accept the proposed value, unless you
`know that adifferent
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers 6of33
`
`a different value is required.
`5.
`To define excluded addresses within the IP address pool range, use the
`Exclusion Range
`controls, as follows:
`&—' Type the first IP address that is part of the excluded.range in the Start
`
`Address box
`
`—————j———Er-
`
`3;
`
`J
`
`.
`
`E
`
`J
`
`3
`
`3
`
`3
`
`.
`
`J
`
`E
`
`Address—bex7—and.type the last number in the End Address box. Then choose the
`Add button.
`
`Continue to define any other exeludedexciuded ranges in the same way.
`i; To exclude a single IP address,
`type the number in the Start Address box.
`Leave the
`
`End Address box empty and choose the Add button.
`ii To remove an IP address or range from the excluded range, select it in the
`Excluded
`
`Addresses box, and then choose the Remove button.
`The excluded ranges should include all IP addresses that you assigned manually
`to other
`
`DHCP servers, non—DHCE>clients, diskless workstations, or RAS and.PPP clients.
`6.
`To specify the lease duration for IP addresses in this scope, select
`Limited To. Then type
`values defining the number of days, hours, and seconds for the length of the
`address lease.
`
`Tfyeelf you do not want IP address leases in this scope to expire, select the
`Unlimited option.
`type aseepea scope name.
`7.
`In the Name box,
`This is any name you want to use to describe this subnet. The name can include
`any
`
`combination of letters, numbers, and hyphens. Blank spaces and underscore
`characters
`
`are also allowedefi You cannot use Unicode characters.
`8.
`Optionally,
`in the Comment box, type any string to describe this scope,
`and then choose
`the OK button.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 74
`
`

`
`Note
`
`When_you finish creating aseepea scope, a message reminds you that the scope
`has not been
`
`activated and allows you to choose Yes to activate the scope immediately.
`However, you
`should not activate a new scope until you have defined the DHCP options to
`be configured for
`this scope.
`Now you can continue with the procedures described in "Configuring DHCP Option
`Types" and
`"Administering DHCP Clients" later in this chapter. MterAfter you have
`configured the options for
`this scope, you.must activate it so that DHCP client computers on the related
`subnet can begin
`using DHCP for dynamic TCP/IP;§ configuration.
`To activate a DHCP scope
`4——;=From theggg Scope menu, choose the Activate command to make this scope
`active.
`
`The menu command name changes to Deactivate when theggg selected scope is
`currently
`active.
`
`Defining DHCP Scopes
`Changing Scope Properties
`The subnet identifiers and.address pool make up the properties of scopes. You
`can change the
`properties of an existing scope. IJJl>
`To change the properties of a DHCP scope
`1.
`In the DHCP Servers list in the DHCP Manager window, select the scope
`for which you
`want to change properties, and then from the Scope menu, choose Properties.
`_O r_
`
`Inig the DHCP Servers list, double—click the scope you want to change.
`2.
`In the Scope Properties dialog box, change any values for the IP address
`pool,
`lease
`duration, or name and comment as described earlier in "Creating Scopes" or
`in online Help.
`3.
`Choose the OK button.
`
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers 7of33
`
`Defining DHCP Scopes
`Removing aseepea Scope
`When.asubneta subnet is no longer in use, or any other time you wantwent to
`remove an existing scope,
`you can remove it using DHCP Manager. If any IP address in the scope is still
`leased or in use,
`you must first deactivate the scope until all client leases expire or all
`client lease extension
`
`requests are denied. IJJl>
`To remove a scope
`1.
`In the DHCP Servers list in the DHCP Manager window, select the scope
`you want to
`remove.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 75
`
`

`
`From the Scope menu, choose Deactivate.
`2.
`Activate
`
`(This command name changes to
`
`when the scope is not active.)
`The scope must remain.deactivated.until you are sure the scope is not in.use.
`3.
`From the Scope menu, choose Delete.
`The Delete command is not available for an active scope.
`Installing and Configuring DHCP 9ptiens—Servers 80f33
`
`The configuration parameters that a DHCP server assigns to aelienta client
`are defined as DHCP
`
`options using DHCP Manager. Most options you will want to specify are
`predefined, based on
`standard parameters defined in RFC 1542.
`When you configure a DHCP scope, you can assign DHCP options to govern all
`configuration
`parameters. You can also defmedefine, edit, or delete DHCP options. These
`tasks are described in
`
`the following sections.
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Servers
`Configuring DHCP Options
`90f33
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`H eip
`Configuring DHCP Options
`Assigning DHCP Configuration Options
`Besides the IP addressing information, other DHCP configuration options to
`be passed to
`DHCP clients must be configured for each scope . Options can be defined globally
`for all
`
`scopes on the current server, specifically for a selected scope, or for
`individual DHCP clients
`with reserved addresses.
`
`i ;
`
`=Active global options always apply unless overridden by scope options or
`DHCP client
`
`settings.
`
`i ;
`
`£Active options for aseepea.scope apply toaall computers in.that scope, unless
`overridden for an
`individual DHCP client.
`
`The built—;in.options are described in "Predefined.DHCP Client Configuration
`Options" later in
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Page 76
`
`

`
`this chapter.
`Note
`
`Lease duration is defmeddefined.for the scope in the Create Scope dialog box.
`e7w———To assign DHCP configuration options
`1.
`In the DHCP Servers list in the DHCP Manager window, select the scope
`you want to
`configure.
`2 .
`From the DHCP Options menu, choose the Global or Scope command, depending
`on
`
`whether you want to define option settings for all scopes on the currently
`selected server or
`
`the scope currently selected in the DHCP Manager windowei
`
`
`
`UU9 LPR Servers
`
`Comment: Array of router addresses ordered by preference
`
`Ghapter—4—Installiag—aad—Genfigariag—BH€P—Ser¥ers—a—§;
`3.
`In the Unused Options list in the DHCP Options dialog box, select the
`name of the DHCP
`
`option that you want to apply, and then choose the Add button to move the name
`to the
`
`Active Options listlist.
`This list shows bottLpredefined.options and any custonioptions that you added.
`For example,
`if you want to specify DNS servers for computers, select the
`option named
`DNS Servers in the Unused Options list and choose the Add button.
`Installing and Configuring DHCP Sewers 100f33
`Options for: Serve! 11.1 U1
`.1 36.1 91
`Qnused Uptions: gctive Uptiuns:
`
`Ifyeelf yotiwant to remove an active DHCP option, select its name in the Active
`Options box,
`and then choose the Remove button.
`
`To define the value for an active option, select its name in the Active
`4.
`Options box, and
`choose the Values buttonré Then choose theggg Edit button, and edit the
`information in the
`
`Current Value box, depending on the data type for the option, as follows:
`1——For an IP address,
`type the assigned address for the selected option
`
`type an appropriate decimal or hexadecimal value for the
`
`&——;=For a number,
`option
`type an appropriate ASCII string containing letters and
`1——;=For a string,
`numbers for the eptien
`opHon
`For example, to specify the DNS name servers to be used.by DHCP clients, select
`DNS
`
`Servers in thetne Active Options list. Then choose the Edit button and type
`a list of IP
`
`addresses for DNS servers. The list should be in the order of preference.
`
`Petitioner Sipnet EU S.R.O. - Exhibit 1018 - Pag