USOO7734251B1
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 7,734,251 B1
`(10) Patent N0.:
`
`(45) Date of Patent: Jun. 8, 2010
`Harvey et al.
`
`(54) SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS AND
`METHODS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: John Christopher Harvey, New York,
`NY (US); James William Cuddihy,
`New York, NY (US)
`(73) Assignee: Personalized Media Communications,
`LLC, New York, NY (US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 08/470,571
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 6, 1995
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 08/113,329, filed on
`Aug. 30, 1993, which is a continuation of application
`No. 08/056,501, filed on May 3, 1993, now Pat. No.
`5,335,277, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/849,226, filed on Mar. 10, 1992, now Pat. No.
`5,233,654, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/588,126, filed on Sep. 25, 1990, now Pat. No.
`5,109,414, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/096,096, filed on Sep. 11, 1987, now Pat. No.
`4,965,825, which is a continuation-in—part of applica-
`tion No. 06/829,531, filed on Feb. 14, 1986, now Pat.
`No. 4,704,725, which is a continuation of application
`No. 06/317,510, filed on Nov. 3, 1981, now Pat. No.
`4,694,490.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04B 1/38
`(52) US. Cl.
`.......................... 455/39; 348/460; 345/629
`(58) Field of Classification Search ............... 348/6713,
`348/468; 455/3.176.3
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`33,189 A
`
`9/1861 Dougal
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`AU
`
`74619
`
`4/1976
`
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`“Automatic Commercial Insertion Equipemnt for Unattended Inser-
`tion of Local Advertising”, Killion, “ Cablematic Inc 7’, NCTA1984,
`pp. 15-22, Dec. 1984*
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary ExamineriPeter-Anthony Pappas
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm4oodwin Procter, LLP
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A unified system of programming communication. The sys-
`tem encompasses the prior art (television, radio, broadcast
`hardcopy, computer communications, etc.) and new user spe-
`cific mass media. Within the unified system, parallel process-
`ing computer systems, each having an input (e.g., 77) con-
`trolling a plurality of computers (e.g., 205), generate and
`output user information at receiver stations. Under broadcast
`control, local computers (73, 205), combine user information
`selectively into prior art communications to exhibit person-
`alized mass media programming at video monitors (202),
`speakers (263), printers (221), etc. At intermediate transmis-
`sion stations (e.g., cable television stations), signals in net-
`work broadcasts and from local inputs (74, 77, 97, 98) cause
`control processors (71) and computers (73) to selectively
`automate connection and operation of receivers
`(53),
`recorder/players (76), computers (73), generators (82), strip-
`pers (81), etc. At receiver stations, signals in received trans-
`missions and from local inputs (225, 218, 22) cause control
`processors (200) and computers (205) to automate connec-
`tion and operation of converters (201), tuners (215), decryp-
`tors (224), recorder/players (217), computers (205), furnaces
`(206), etc. Processors (71, 200) meter and monitor availabil-
`ity and usage of programming.
`
`39 Claims, 22 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Zynga Exhibit 1001
`
`

`

`US 7,734,251 B1
`
`Page2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9/1933 Foss ............................ 705/36
`1,927,702 A
`2/1935 Williams
`1992271 A
`7/1936 Hicks etal.
`2,046,381 A
`5/1938 Waiter
`2,117,638 A
`3/1940 Bellamy etai
`2,192,217 A
`10/1940 Alien
`2,217,881 A
`3/1941 Smith
`2,236,077 A
`12/1941 Bumstead
`2,264,563 A
`4/1947 Labin .......................... 178/44
`2,418,127 A
`
`~- 178/56
`5/1950 Ellettetai
`~
`2,510,046 A
`6/1950 Smith ~~~~~~~~~
`~ 179/1
`2,511,085 A
`
`8/1951 Aram ......................... 178/5.1
`2,563,448 A
`10/1951 Cotsworth,HI
`2,570,209 A
`10/1951 Milleretal.
`................ 177/353
`2,573,349 A
`11/1952 Roschke ..................... 178/5.1
`2,619,530 A
`2,723,307 A * 11/1955 Baracketetai
`2,731,197 A
`1/1956 Parkeretal.
`.................. 235/60
`
`~380/205
`2,757,226 A *
`7/1956 Zworykin
`~- 178/51
`~
`2,769,023 A
`10/1956 Loewetal.
`
`~ 178/51
`2,788,387 A
`4/1957 Druz ~~~~~~~
`
`~~ 358/84
`2,855,993 A
`10/1958 Rahmei
`
`~ 568/430
`2,864,865 A
`12/1958 Morris
`
`. 178/5.1
`2,864,885 A
`12/1958 Morris
`
`..........
`.340/147
`2,866,962 A
`12/1958 Ellet
`2/1959 Wendtetal.
`~- 178/51
`2,875,270 A
`
`~ 178/51
`2,892,882 A
`6/1959 Hughes
`1/1961 See ...............
`.348/705
`2,969,427 A
`
`............. 178/5.1
`2,972,008 A
`2/1961 Ridenouretal.
`2,995,624 A
`8/1961 Waiters
`3,008,000 A * 11/1961 Morchand
`3,011,153 A
`11/1961 Haselton etal.
`3,016,091 A
`1/1962 Daniele ...................... 162/391
`3,029,308 A
`4/1962 Adieretai
`............ 178/5.1
`3,071,642 A
`1/1963 Mountjoyet al.
`3,071,649 A
`1/1963 Goodall
`...................... 179/1.5
`3,082,402 A
`3/1963 Scantlin
`3,107,274 A
`10/1963 Roschke ..................... 178/5.1
`
`..
`.. 178/5.1
`3,133,986 A
`5/1964 Morris etal.
`................... 179/15
`3,213,201 A
`10/1965 Floodetal.
`
`3,221,098 A * 11/1965 Feidman etai
`178/22
`..
`3,238,297 A
`3/1966 Pawleyetal.
`3,244,806 A
`4/1966 Morris ....................... 725/151
`3,245,157 A *
`4/1966 Laviana
`3,251,051 A
`5/1966 Harries
`~340/345
`
`3,304,416 A
`2/1967 Wolf ..........
`.. 235/92
`8/1967 Brouardet al.
`.............. 178/5.4
`3,336,437 A
`111326331 E
`1/1968 Brothman etai
`3,363,250 A
`1/1968 Jacobson .................... 343/225
`3,366,731 A
`1/1968 Wallerstein
`3,368,031 A
`2/1968 Eisele
`3,371,071 A
`2/1968 Webb ................... 428/355 EN
`3,387,082 A
`6/1968 Farberetai
`3,387,083 A
`6/1968 Farberetal.
`3,387,268 A
`6/1968 Epstein .................. 340/825.26
`3390234 A
`6/1968 Glidden
`3,430,004 A
`2/1969 Shenk
`3,440,427 A
`4/1969 Kammer ..................... 250/210
`3,470,309 A
`9/1969 Nyberg ....................... 178/5.1
`3,472,962 A
`10/1969 Sanford
`3,475,547 A
`10/1969 Sarlund
`3,478,164 A
`11/1969 Southworth ................. 178/6.6
`3,478,166 A
`11/1969 Reiteretal.
`................. 178/5.1
`3,478,342 A
`11/1969 Alldritt etai
`............... 455/3.1
`3,485,946 A * 12/1969 Jackson et al.
`3,493,674 A
`2/1970 Houghton ................... 178/5.6
`
`3,500,327 A
`3/1970 Beicheretai
`~
`~ 340/154
`9/1970 Sanville ...................... 329/104
`3,526,843 A
`3,531,583 A
`9/1970 Walker ....................... 380/230
`3,531,586 A
`9/1970 Bass etal.
`..................... 178/6
`3,536,833 A
`10/1970 Guanella ..................... 178/22
`3,546,684 A
`12/1970 Maxwell et al.
`.......... 340/172.5
`
`2/1971 Busch ..................... 340/172.5
`3,560,936 A
`2/1971 Perkins etal.
`340/172.5
`3,564,509 A
`
`3/1971 Hoetter ....................... 340/171
`3,569,937 A
`4/1971 Adams et al.
`............ 340/172.5
`3,573,747 A
`4/1971 Houghton
`178/5.6
`3,576,391 A
`
`6/1971 Schoeffler ................... 178/6.8
`3,584,142 A
`6/1971 Morchand ................... 348/473
`3,586,767 A
`6/1971 Hamburgeretal.
`............ 725/1
`3,586,771 A
`6/1971 Sellari
`3,588,357 A
`8/1971 McVoy ....................... 178/5.1
`3,601,528 A
`..
`8/1971 Clarketal.
`340/1725
`3,602,891 A
`
`................ 455/3.1
`9/1971 Zawelsetal.
`3,606,688 A *
`9/1971 Blevins etal.
`........... 340/172.5
`3,609,697 A
`10/1971 Banning, Jr.
`................. 178/5.1
`3,612,752 A
`11/1971 Rando etal.
`3,624,516 A
`12/1971 Davies
`3,627,914 A >x<
`2/1972 Walkeretal.
`............ 178/5.8R
`3,639,686 A
`3/1972 Metz etal.
`.. 345/24
`3,648,270 A
`
`. 178/5.6
`3/1972 Gibson .....
`3,649,749 A
`
`3/1972 Guanella .......... 178/22
`3,651,261 A
`
`
`3/1972 Haselwoodetal.
`340/172.5
`3,651,471 A
`
`4/1972 Rocheretal.
`340/146.1
`3,657,699 A
`........ 178/22
`4/1972 Angelerietal
`3,659,046 A
`
`178/69.5 TV
`5/1972 Sekimoto
`3,666,888 A
`6/1972 Face etal.
`178/5.6
`3,668,307 A
`
`7/1972 Beck ........
`.. 725/16
`3,676,580 A
`
`8/1972 Southworth ..
`178/6
`3,683,111 A
`8/1972 McVoy .....
`. 178/5.1
`3,684,823 A
`
`.325/308
`9/1972 Gabriel ..
`3,693,090 A
`
`. 455/31
`3,696,297 A >x< 10/1972 Otero
`
`11/1972 McVoy ..
`..... 325/31
`3,703,684 A
`1/1973 Lemelson .
`. 178/6.6A
`3,712,956 A
`
`2/1973 Weinberg .
`. 340/825.27
`3,716,835 A
`3,723,637 A
`3/1973 Fujio etal.
`178/5.2R
`
`4/1973 Reuter .........
`3,725,672 A
`307/208
`
`4/1973 Eguchiet al.
`3,726,992 A
`. 178/5.6
`3,728,480 A
`4/1973 Baer
`........
`. 178/6.8
`3,729,581 A
`4/1973 Anderson .
`. 178/6.8
`3,731,197 A
`5/1973 Clark ......
`.. 325/32
`3,733,430 A >x<
`5/1973 Thompson et a1
`455/2
`
`. 178/5.1
`3,733,431 A
`5/1973 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`............ 178/5.1
`3,736,369 A
`5/1973 Vogelman etal.
`3,737,858 A
`6/1973 Turneret al.
`3,743,767 A
`7/1973 Bitzer et al.
`................. 178/5.6
`3,744,043 A
`7/1973 Walden etal.
`..
`340/870.7
`
`7/1973 Stetten etal.
`.. 386/95
`3,746,780 A
`
`.. 178/22
`3,746,799 A
`7/1973 Gentges
`
`.....
`.. 179/15
`3,749,845 A
`7/1973 Fraser
`8/1973 Boenke etal.
`. 178/5.6
`3,752,908 A
`
`8/1973 Rocheret al.
`714/749
`3,754,211 A
`
`178/69.5 TV
`8/1973 Sekimoto ..
`3,755,624 A
`
`....... 325/308
`3,757,225 A
`9/1973 Ukicki
`..
`3,761,888 A
`9/1973 Flynn .
`. 340/1725
`3,764,983 A
`10/1973 Stok
`.340/150
`
`10/1973 Harney ..
`.. 325/31
`3,769,579 A
`11/1973 Buehrle .
`.325/321
`27,810 A
`
`11/1973 Guanella .....
`3,773,977 A
`179/1.5
`
`.
`179/15 FD
`3,773,979 A
`11/1973 Kirk, Jr. etal.
`................. 178/5.1
`3,777,053 A
`12/1973 Witlig etal.
`3,778,058 A >x< 12/1973 Rausch
`3,778,715 A
`12/1973 Schmidtetal.
`3,778,721 A * 12/1973 Moran ................ 455/181.1
`3,789,131 A
`1/1974 Harney ..
`. 178/5.1
`
`.....
`3,789,137 A
`1/1974 Newell
`. 178/6.6
`
`2/1974 Callaisetal.
`.................. 348/6
`3,790,700 A *
`3,794,922 A
`2/1974 Osborn et al.
`................. 325/53
`
`.178/5.6
`3,795,763 A
`3/1974 Golding et al.
`.
`......................... 178/22
`3,798,359 A
`3/1974 Feistel
`3,798,610 A
`3/1974 Blissetal.
`............... 340/1725
`3,803,491 A
`4/1974 Osborn ,,
`325/53
`
`4/1974 Forbes ........................ 325/309
`3,806,814 A
`3,813,482 A
`5/1974 Blonder
`3,819,852 A
`6/1974 Wolf .......................... 178/5.6
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US 7,734,251 B1
`
`Page 3
`
`3,824,332 A
`3,824,467 A
`3,825,893 A
`3,826,863 A
`3,833,757 A
`3,835,387 A
`3,836,888 A
`3,842,196 A
`3,842,206 A
`3,845,391 A
`3,848,082 A
`3,848,193 A
`3,849,729 A
`3,858,240 A
`3,859,458 A
`3,859,596 A
`3,875,329 A
`3,882,289 A
`3,882,392 A
`3,885,089 A
`3,886,302 A
`3,886,454 A
`3,869,054 A
`3,889,054 A
`3,890,461 A
`3,891,792 A
`3,893,031 A
`3,894,176 A
`3,894,177 A
`3,896,262 A
`3,896,266 A
`3,898,378 A
`3,899,633 A
`3,899,639 A
`3,906,450 A
`3,909,512 A
`3,911,216 A
`3,911,419 A
`3,914,534 A
`3,916,091 A
`3,919,462 A
`3,921,151 A
`3,922,482 A
`3,922,492 A
`3,924,059 A
`3,924,187 A
`3,927,250 A
`3,934,079 A
`3,936,593 A
`3,936,594 A
`3,936,595 A
`3,936,868 A
`3,943,447 A
`3,944,931 A
`3,947,624 A
`3,947,882 A
`3,947,972 A
`3,949,313 A
`3,950,607 A
`3,950,618 A
`3,956,615 A
`3,958,081 A
`3,958,088 A
`3,961,137 A
`3,962,535 A
`3,970,790 A
`3,971,888 A
`3,973,206 A
`3,974,451 A
`3,975,583 A
`3,975,585 A
`3,978,449 A
`3,982,064 A
`
`............. 178/5.1
`
`7/1974 Horowitz .................... 178/5.1
`.. 325/32
`7/1974 French .......
`
`............ 340/146.1
`7/1974 Bossen et al.
`7/1974 Johnson ...................... 178/5.1
`.. 178/5.6
`9/1974 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`
`9/1974 Rookes et al. ................. 325/55
`9/1974 Boenke et al.
`........... 340/172.5
`10/1974 Louglin ....................... 358/12
`10/1974 Barselloti et al.
`10/1974 Crosby ........................ 325/64
`. 348/460
`11/1974 Summers
`
`................. 325/53
`11/1974 Martin et al.
`11/1974 Van Baggem ................ 325/31
`12/1974 Golding et al.
`............. 348/24
`1/1975 Takezawa et al.
`1/1975 Jennery et al.
`................ 325/31
`4/1975 Nagel
`............
`178/6.8
`
`.. 200/11 D
`5/1975 Walding et al.
`5/1975 Harney ............... 325/53
`
`.. 178/5.1
`5/1975 Callais et al.
`
`. 178/5.1
`5/1975 Kosco ........
`5/1975 Oakley et al.
`325/52
`.. 178/6.8
`6/1975 Nagel et al.
`
`..... 178/6.8
`6/1975 Nagel et al.
`6/1975 Vogelman et al.
`..... 178/5.1
`
`. 178/5.8 R
`6/1975 Kimura .........
`
`...... 325/32
`7/1975 Majeau et al.
`.
`. 178/5.1
`7/1975 Mellon ..........
`
`.. 178/5.6
`7/1975 Howell et al.
`..
`
`..
`..... 178/5.1
`7/1975 Hudspeth et al.
`7/1975 Waterbury ................ 179/1 SB
`8/1975 Hinoshita et al.
`8/1975 Sorenson et al.
`8/1975 Cleveley et al.
`9/1975 Prado, Jr.
`.................... 340/150
`9/1975 Omoriet al.
`386/75
`
`10/1975 Bartek et al.
`178/22
`
`.
`. 345/162
`10/1975 Bates et al.
`
`. 178/5.1
`10/1975 Forbes ........
`
`10/1975 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`.. 178/5.1
`11/1975 Hartung et al.
`..... 178/5.1
`
`. 340/172.5
`11/1975 Guanella
`................ 725/31
`11/1975 Gabriel et al.
`11/1975 Lumsden
`. 178/5.1
`12/1975 Horowitz
`.. 325/52
`12/1975 Dormans .
`. 178/5.6
`12/1975 Rainger
`. 178/5.1
`1/1976 Barnhart ........
`.. 178/5.1
`.
`2/1976 Aaronson et al.
`........... 178/5.1
`2/1976 Schubin et al.
`2/1976 Yanagimachiet al.
`.. 178/5.6
`
`.. 358/22
`2/1976 Thorpe .............
`
`325/308
`3/1976 Shomo, III ..
`3/1976 Usamiet al.
`. 455/192.2
`
`3/1976 Miyake ......
`178/6
`
`3/1976 Lightner ..
`360/92
`4/1976 Freeman .....
`35/8A
`
`4/1976 Tamada et al.
`. 329/106
`4/1976 Southworth et al.
`....... 178/6
`
`............
`.. 179/2 AS
`4/1976 Bloisi
`
`.
`5/1976 Anderson et al.
`235/61.7 B
`................ 178/22
`5/1976 Ehrsam et al.
`5/1976 Vieri
`6/1976 Hutt et al.
`6/1976 Haskell
`7/1976 Guanella .................. 179/1.5 S
`7/1976 Ching et al.
`8/1976 Haselwood et al.
`8/1976 Maeder
`8/1976 Meadows ................... 348/460
`8/1976 Kirk, Jr. et al.
`.............. 178/5.1
`8/1976 Sanders et al.
`........... 340/146.1
`9/1976 Barnaby
`
`
`
`......... 325/455
`
`................ 358/84
`
`9/1976 Barnaby et al.
`3,982,065 A *
`.................. 179/2
`10/1976 Caudillet al.
`3,984,637 A
`.............. 325/308
`10/1976 Belcher et al.
`3,987,397 A
`10/1976 Fung .......................... 325/309
`3,987,398 A
`10/1976 Yanagimachi et al.
`........ 178/5.6
`3,988,528 A
`10/1976 Ts’ao
`3,988,550 A
`11/1976 Karnes ....................... 325/308
`3,990,012 A
`
`11/1976 Kolettis et al.
` .. 710/23
`3,990,050 A
`................ 725/33
`11/1976 Belcher et al.
`3,993,955 A
`12/1976 Hutt et al.
`................... 340/324
`3,996,583 A
`12/1976 Dillon et al.
`.
`340/347 DD
`3,996,586 A
`
`............... 178/6.8
`12/1976 Ricketts et al.
`3,997,718 A
`1/1977 Makino et al.
`.............. 340/324
`4,004,085 A
`2/1977 Koga
`4,006,297 A
`2/1977 Theurer et al.
`4,008,369 A
`3/1977 Warren
`4,011,414 A
`3/1977 McGlynn ................. 235/150.2
`4,013,875 A
`.. 358/13
`3/1977 Russell ..
`4,015,286 A
`
`
`.. 358/83
`4/1977 Pandey ..
`4,016,361 A
`4/1977 Larson ..................... 200/5 A
`4,017,697 A
`4/1977 Long et al.
`4,018,990 A *
`4/1977 Hartung et al.
`............. 358/124
`4,019,201 A
`4/1977 Caspari et al.
`325/421
`4,020,419 A
`
`. 358/117
`5/1977 Nieson .....
`4,024,574 A
`5/1977 Harney et al.
`358/118
`4,024,575 A
`
`5/1977 Haselwood et al.
`.. 325/31
`4,025,851 A
`5/1977 Michael ......
`.. 358/86
`4,025,947 A
`
`.358/122
`5/1977 Loshin .....
`4,025,948 A
`
`5/1977 Kirschner et al.
`............. 273/85
`4,026,555 A
`5/1977 Ishiguro
`4,027,100 A
`5/1977 Larsen ....................... 329/106
`4,027,267 A
`5/1977 Nicol
`......................... 358/135
`4,027,331 A
`6/1977 Holz
`4,031,543 A
`.................. 358/188
`6/1977 Kato et al.
`4,031,548 A
`6/1977 Saylor ........................ 358/142
`4,032,972 A
`7/1977 Baer
`4,034,990 A
`................. 348/2
`7/1977 Bassani et al.
`4,035,838 A
`358/141
`8/1977 Saylor et al.
`.
`4,042,958 A
`
`......................... 358/84
`8/1977 Porter
`4,044,376 A
`8/1977 Dingwall
`4,045,811 A
`8/1977 Hartung et al.
`4,045,814 A
`9/1977 Yasuda et al.
`4,047,221 A
`9/1977 Haselwood et al.
`........... 325/31
`4,048,562 A
`9/1977 Forman, Jr. et al.
`340/154
`4,048,619 A
`
`9/1977 Hafner et al.
`178/2 C
`4,049,906 A
`
`.......
`10/1977 Hutt et al.
`340/324
`4,052,719 A
`
`10/1977 Robertson et al.
`348/6
`4,052,737 A
`
`.
`10/1977 Fletcher et al.
`348/463
`4,054,911 A
`10/1977 Fearnside ...................... 358/8
`4,055,848 A
`11/1977 Lindstrom
`4,056,684 A
`11/1977 Moorehead ..
`.. 358/86
`4,057,829 A
`..... 358/86
`11/1977 Guinet et al.
`4,058,830 A
`
`.............. 179/15 BF
`11/1977 Eddy et al.
`4,059,729 A
`11/1977 DeVimeuX et al.
`4,060,832 A
`12/1977 Bell
`4,061,577 A
`12/1977 Wintzer .................. 179/15 BA
`4,061,879 A
`.. 395/200.09
`4,064,490 A * 12/1977 Nagel
`.
`
`1/1978 Pires .......................... 358/122
`4,068,264 A
`4,068,265 A
`1/1978 Russell
`4,070,693 A
`1/1978 Shutterly .....
`.358/123
`
`
`4,074,315 A
`2/1978 Kawamura et al
`358/142
`
`2/1978 Horowitz .....
`. 358/124
`4,075,660 A
`
`4,078,316 A
`3/1978 Freeman
`35/8A
`
`3/1978 Siegle et al.
`.
`4,079,419 A
`358/193
`................... 179/15 BA
`4,081,612 A
`3/1978 Hafner
`........................ 325/396
`4,081,753 A
`3/1978 Miller
`4,081,754 A
`3/1978 Jackson
`. 325/396
`
`.................. 358/114
`4,081,831 A
`3/1978 Tang et al.
`4,081,832 A
`3/1978 Sherman ..................... 358/124
`.. 79/2 AM
`4,086,434 A
`4/1978 Bocchi
`.....
`
`5/1978 Suzuki et al.
`............... 325/396
`4,088,958 A
`4,091,417 A
`5/1978 Nieson ....................... 358/117
`4,095,258 A
`6/1978 Sperber
`...................... 358/120
`
`............. 358/124
`
`

`

`US 7,734,251 B1
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`Page 4
`
`4,096,524 A
`4,096,542 A
`4,099,258 A
`4,104,486 A
`4,104,681 A
`4,107,734 A
`4,107,735 A
`4,112,317 A
`4,112,383 A
`4,112,464 A
`4,114,841 A
`4,115,662 A
`4,115,807 A
`4,117,605 A
`4,118,669 A
`4,120,003 A
`4,120,030 A
`4,124,887 A
`4,126,762 A
`4,130,833 A
`4,131,881 A
`4,134,127 A
`4,135,156 A *
`4,135,213 A
`4,138,726 A
`4,139,860 A
`4,141,034 A
`4,142,156 A
`4,144,495 A
`4,145,717 A
`4,148,066 A *
`4,148,070 A
`4,156,253 A
`4,156,931 A
`4,160,120 A
`4,161,728 A
`4,161,751 A
`4,162,483 A
`4,162,513 A
`4,163,252 A
`4,163,254 A
`4,163,255 A
`4,168,396 A
`4,170,782 A
`4,171,513 A
`4,172,213 A
`4,175,267 A
`4,178,613 A
`4,180,709 A
`4,186,413 A
`4,189,748 A
`4,195,288 A
`4,196,310 A
`4,196,448 A
`4,199,656 A
`4,199,781 A
`4,199,791 A
`4,199,809 A
`4,200,770 A
`4,200,913 A
`4,201,887 A
`4,203,130 A
`4,203,166 A
`4,205,343 A *
`4,207,524 A
`4,213,124 A
`4,214,273 A
`4,215,366 A
`4,215,369 A
`4,215,370 A
`4,216,497 A
`4,217,609 A
`4,218,697 A
`
`........................... 358/85
`6/1978 Scott
`6/1978 Pappas et a1.
`. 361/196
`
`7/1978 Parsons ...................... 364/900
`8/1978 Martin et a1.
`.................. 179/2
`8/1978 Saylor et al.
`. 358/141
`
`................... 358/84
`8/1978 Percy et a1.
`8/1978 Frohbach ..................... 358/84
`9/1978 Everswick ..
`.307/308
`
`....................... 329/50
`9/1978 Burgert
`9/1978 Guifet al.
`................... 358/122
`9/1978 Muhlfelder et a1.
`......... 244/166
`9/1978 Guinet et a1.
`........... 179/15 BV
`9/1978 Pires .......................... 358/122
`10/1978 Kurland et a1. ................ 35/9A
`10/1978 Fung
`10/1978 Mitchell et a1.
`............. 358/142
`10/1978 Johnstone ......
`364/200
`
`11/1978 Johnson et a1.
`364/107
`
`..
`11/1978 Martin et a1.
`179/2A
`
`12/1978 Choenet
`.....
`358/122
`12/1978 Robinson
`340/167 R
`.. 358/16
`1/1979 Campioni
`
`1/1979 Sanders et a1.
`.
`370/57
`1/1979 Wintfeld et al.
`358/142
`
`.....
`2/1979 Girault et a1.
`364/521
`................... 358/22
`2/1979 Micic et a1.
`2/1979 Netravaliet a1.
`325/309
`2/1979 Freund ..........
`325/4
`3/1979 Metzger
`..
`
`358/121
`3/1979 Guifet al.
`4/1979 Saylor ........................ 348/468
`4/1979 Taylor
`5/1979 Steudel ........................ 358/11
`5/1979 Adelman et al.
`. 364/900
`
`7/1979 Barnes et a1.
`..
`178/22
`.340/750
`7/1979 Insam ........
`
`.358/114
`............
`7/1979 Ost
`7/1979 Entenman ......
`340/147R
`
`7/1979 Beyers, Jr. et a1.
`358/191
`
`......
`7/1979 Mistry et a1.
`358/118
`
`7/1979 Block et a1.
`.
`358/122
`. 358/122
`7/1979 Pires
`
`.....
`.. 178/22
`9/1979 Best
`........
`.. 358/84
`10/1979 Miller
`
`.....
`10/1979 Otey et a1.
`325/32
`
`..
`10/1979 Barnes et a1.
`178/22
`............
`11/1979 Tachi
`358/4
`12/1979 Takahashiet a1.
`358/183
`..
`12/1979 Cosgrove et a1.
`. 179/2 AM
`1/1980 Mortimer .................... 358/146
`2/1980 Reis
`3/1980 Morton
`................ 178/22
`4/1980 Forman et al.
`4/1980 Whitehouse et al.
`4/1980 Saylor .................... 178/66.1
`.. 358/83
`4/1980 Doumit
`
`4/1980 Corey ............
`.. 360/69
`
`. 364/200
`4/1980 Pasahow et al.
`
`...... 178/22
`4/1980 Hellman et a1.
`................ 364/900
`4/1980 Kuhar et a1.
`5/1980 Burns
`5/1980 Doumit et a1.
`5/1980 Ehrsam et a1.
`5/1980 Barrett
`6/1980 Purchase ..................... 375/22
`7/1980 Barda et a1.
`................. 340/706
`.358/188
`7/1980 Brown ........
`
`7/1980 Davidson .................... 358/124
`7/1980 Iijima
`7/1980 Kirk, Jr. ...................... 358/146
`8/1980 Ishman et al.
`................. 358/84
`8/1980 Hatoriet al.
`8/1980 Leventer
`
`................. 358/1
`
`
`
`
`
`4,218,698 A
`4,218,710 A
`4,222,068 A
`4,222,073 A
`4,224,678 A
`4,225,884 A
`4,225,918 A
`4,225,967 A
`4,228,543 A
`4,230,990 A
`4,231,031 A
`4,232,193 A
`4,233,628 A
`4,236,217 A
`4,237,484 A
`4,237,486 A
`4,238,853 A
`4,238,854 A
`4,243,984 A
`4,245,245 A
`4,245,246 A
`4,245,252 A
`4,246,611 A
`4,247,106 A
`4,247,947 A
`4,249,211 A
`4,250,489 A
`4,250,521 A
`4,250,524 A
`4,251,691 A
`4,253,114 A
`4,253,157 A
`4,258,386 A
`4,258,423 A
`4,261,006 A
`4,262,329 A
`4,264,924 A
`4,264,925 A
`4,266,243 A
`4,270,145 A
`4,271,506 A
`4,272,784 A
`4,273,962 A
`4,275,411 A
`4,278,973 A
`4,278,993 A
`4,283,602 A
`4,284,976 A
`4,286,281 A
`4,287,592 A
`4,288,809 A
`4,290,062 A
`4,290,141 A
`4,290,142 A
`4,292,650 A
`4,295,155 A
`4,295,223 A
`4,301,542 A
`4,302,771 A
`4,302,775 A
`4,303,940 A
`4,303,941 A
`4,304,990 A
`4,305,101 A
`4,305,131 A
`4,306,250 A
`4,306,289 A
`4,306,305 A
`4,307,446 A
`4,308,558 A
`4,310,854 A
`4,312,016 A
`4,313,132 A
`
`................... 348/600
`8/1980 Bart et a1.
`8/1980 Kashigiet a1.
`9/1980 Thompson .................. 358/120
`9/1980 Hirashima
`9/1980 Lynch et a1.
`9/1980 Block et a1.
`.................... 348/1
`9/1980 Beadle et a1.
`............... 364/200
`..
`9/1980 Miwa et a1.
`.. 455/68
`
`10/1980 Jackson ...................... 455/181
`10/1980 Lert et a1.
`...................... 348/4
`10/1980 Crowther et al.
`340/695
`
`11/1980 Gerard .................... 179/1.5 R
`11/1980 Ciciora
`11/1980 Kennedy .................... 364/483
`12/1980 Brown et a1.
`................ 358/142
`12/1980 Shimp ........................ 348/475
`12/1980 Ehrsam et a1.
`12/1980 Ehrsam et a1.
`1/1981 Ackley et a1.
`............... 340/703
`1/1981 Matsumoto et a1.
`348/7
`
`. 358/124
`1/1981 Cheung ......
`
`1/1981 Nagumo
`.358/213
`1/1981 Davies ..................... 358/194
`1/1981 Jeffers et al.
`1/1981 Miyamoto ................... 455/38
`2/1981 Baba et a1.
`358/183
`
`. 340/825.02
`2/1981 Dudash et a1.
`........
`2/1981 Wright
`348/617
`
`.358/122
`2/1981 Tomizawa
`. 455/3.1
`2/1981 Kakiharaetal.
`
`358/114
`......
`2/1981 Tang et a1.
`
`2/1981 Kirschner et a1.
`707/104.1
`
`................ 358/84
`3/1981 Cheung
`3/1981 Lane et a1.
`4/1981 Weintraub et a1.
`............. 358/3
`
`364/200
`4/1981 Bright et al.
`
`4/1981 Freeman ......
`.. 358/86
`4/1981 Freeman et a1
`.. 358/86
`
`
`. 358/121
`5/1981 Shutterly
`5/1981 Farina ........................ 358/188
`6/1981 Broc et a1.
`358/127
`6/1981 Saito et a1.
`. 179/7.1 R
`6/1981 Wolfe
`
`6/1981 Lippel ........... 358/13
`
`7/1981 Hughes et al.
`340/721
`7/1981 Suzuki ............. 358/22
`179/1.5R
`8/1981 Adams et a1.
`
`8/1981 Gable et al.
`340/147
`
`........
`8/1981 Suzuki
`358/4
`
`9/1981 Paulish et a1.
`.. 370/88
`.. 358/12
`9/1981 Yabe .....
`
`..
`9/1981 Marti et a1.
`345/469
`
`9/1981 Anderson et a1.
`455/2
`
`.455/3.1
`9/1981 Schnee et al.
`
`.358/173
`9/1981 Hendrickson
`
`10/1981 Jargeretal. ..
`.. 358/12
`10/1981 Shutterly .....
`.. 455/72
`
`11/1981 Weintraub et a1.
`.
`455/353
`....................... 358/86
`11/1981 Gargini
`11/1981 Widergren et a1.
`
`358/142
`12/1981 Ciciora ...........
`358/147
`12/1981 Marti et al.
`.235/380
`12/1981 Atalla ......
`358/908
`12/1981 Yarbrough et al.
`12/1981 Best
`........................... 364/521
`12/1981 Summers et a1.
`
`364/200
`12/1981 Lumley .......
`...................... 371/38
`12/1981 Doiet a1.
`12/1981 Barton et a1.
`............... 364/200
`12/1981 Hernandez etal
`358/142
`
`.......................... 358/143
`1/1982 Baer
`1/1982 Glaab et a1.
`................. 358/188
`1/1982 Doles et a1.
`................. 358/114
`
`
`
`

`

`US 7,734,251 B1
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`Page 5
`
`2/1982 Bakka et al.
`.................. 370/60
`4,314,367 A
`2/1982 Schumacher
`. 358/107
`4,315,282 A
`
`2/1982 Feistel ..................... 178/22.06
`4,316,055 A
`2/1982 Rifl<en ......................... 358/86
`4,316,217 A
`2/1982 Luu et al.
`. 364/200
`4,316,245 A
`
`................... 348/6
`2/1982 Tabataet al.
`4,317,215 A *
`3/1982 Dawson ...................... 328/112
`4,318,047 A
`3/1982 Shutterly .................... 358/121
`4,318,125 A
`3/1982 Sassler
`4,318,126 A
`3/1982 Fukuda et al.
`4,318,127 A
`3/1982 Sauvanet
`4,318,128 A
`3/1982 Best
`........................ 178/22.09
`4,319,079 A
`3/1982 Alvarez, III et al.
`......... 370/104
`4,319,353 A
`
` 3/1982 Freeman ...........
`179/6.04
`4,320,256 A
`................. 358/123
`3/1982 Saekiet al.
`4,322,745 A
`4/1982 Guillou ...................... 358/114
`4,323,921 A *
`
`4/1982 den Toonder et al.
`358/117
`4,323,922 A
`........
`4/1982 Seaton et al.
`358/117
`4,325,078 A
`
`5/1982 Van Hulle .............. 358/86
`4,329,675 A
`
`5/1982 Monteath et al.
`. 340/707
`4,329,684 A
`5/1982 Cheung .........
`.358/114
`4,329,711 A
`
`.380/206
`5/1982 Sherwood
`4,330,794 A
`5/1982 Eskin et al.
`358/84
`4,331,973 A
`
`5/1982 Cogswellet al.
`..
`.. 455/5.1
`4,331,974 A *
`6/1982 Reynolds et al.
`............ 179/2A
`4,332,980 A
`6/1982 McGuire et al.
`4,333,107 A
`6/1982 Ciciora ....................... 358/147
`4,333,109 A
`.364/521
`6/1982 Best
`........
`4,333,152 A
`
`.358/127
`6/1982 Mangold .
`4,334,242 A
`6/1982 Holmes .........
`.358/147
`4,335,402 A
`
`6/1982 Maxwell et al.
`364/200
`4,335,426 A
`
`
`6/1982 den Toonder et al.
`358/120
`4,336,553 A
`......
`6/1982 Koyama et al.
`360/73
`4,336,559 A
`
`6/1982 Bourassin et al.
`.
`358/93
`4,337,480 A
`
`6/1982 Guillou ...................... 358/114
`4,337,483 A
`6/1982 Chambers
`4,337,485 A *
`7/1982 Payne et al. ................. 358/120
`4,338,628 A
`7/1982 Tadokoro .......
`360/135
`4,338,643 A
`7/1982 Hedges et al.
`.
`364/412
`4,339,798 A
`7/1982 Tamura ............
`.. 358/10
`4,340,903 A
`7/1982 den Toonder et al.
`358/124
`4,340,906 A
`7/1982 Frosch etal.
`.....
`178/22.17
`4,341,925 A
`8/1982 Schrock et al.
`....... 455/5
`4,343,042 A
`
`..
`....... 358/183
`8/1982 Belisomiet al.
`4,344,090 A
`
`8/1982 Lee et al.
`.
`. 340/825.02
`4,347,498 A
`..........
`8/1982 Korver
`358/183
`4,347,532 A
`
`8/1982 Kavouras et al.
`375/37
`4,347,618 A
`.........
`9/1982 Beier
`.358/188
`4,348,696 A
`9/1982 Peddie et al.
`. 364/483
`4,351,028 A
`9/1982 Guillou ............
`235/375
`4,352,011 A
`10/1982 den Toonderet al.
`....... 358/120
`4,353,088 A
`10/1982 Sechetetal.
`.........
`358/122
`4,354,201 A
`
`10/1982 Johnson et al.
`364/900
`4,355,372 A
`............... 455/185
`10/1982 George et al.
`4,355,415 A
`11/1982 Preslar
`4,357,548 A
`11/1982 Hyattet al.
`4,358,672 A
`11/1982 Summers
`4,358,790 A
`4,359,223 A * 11/1982 Baeret al.
`4,360,827 A
`11/1982 Braun ......................... 358/85
`11/1982 Briggs, Jr. et al.
`.
`4,360,828 A
`725/114
`
`11/1982 Martinson .........
`4,360,881 A
`364/493
`
`..
`. 179/5R
`4,361,730 A
`11/1982 Barber et al.
`4,361,848 A
`11/1982 Poignet et al.
`358/1
`
`4,361,851 A
`11/1982 Asip et al.
`.....
`358/84
`.................. 364/900
`4,361,877 A
`11/1982 Dyer et al.
`4,361,903 A
`11/1982 Ohta ............................. 455/2
`4,364,081 A
`12/1982 Hashimoto et al.
`358/13
`
`................... 178/22.1
`4,365,110 A
`12/1982 Lee et al.
`4,365,249 A
`12/1982 Tabata ..................... 340/825.3
`12/1982 Tsuda ................ 358/84
`4,365,267 A
`
`............. 348/467
`4,367,488 A *
`1/1983 Leventer et al.
`4,367,548 A
`1/1983 Cotten, Jr. et al.
`.............. 370/3
`4,367,557 A
`1/1983 Stern et al.
`..................... 455/4
`
`................. 235/380
`
`
`
`
`
`4,368,483 A
`4,368,486 A
`4,369,333 A
`4,369,462 A
`4,369,464 A
`4,374,395 A
`4,374,437 A
`RE31,182 E
`4,375,579 A
`4,375,650 A
`4,375,651 A
`4,377,870 A
`4,378,470 A
`4,379,205 A
`4,380,027 A
`4,381,522 A
`4,381,562 A
`4,382,256 A
`4,383,257 A
`4,383,273 A
`4,385,324 A
`4,385,384 A
`4,386,416 A
`4,386,436 A
`4,388,639 A
`4,388,643 A
`4,388,644 A
`4,388,645 A
`4,389,671 A
`4,390,898 A
`4,390,901 A
`4,390,904 A
`4,392,135 A
`4,393,277 A
`4,393,376 A
`4,393,404 A
`4,394,687 A
`4,394,691 A
`4,394,762 A
`4,395,757 A
`4,396,915 A
`4,396,946 A
`4,396,947 A
`4,398,216 A
`4,400,587 A
`4,400,717 A
`4,402,009 A
`4,404,589 A
`4,405,942 A
`4,405,946 A
`4,408,345 A
`4,410,911 A
`4,410,917 A
`4,411,017 A
`4,412,244 A
`4,413,281 A
`4,413,339 A
`4,414,516 A
`4,414,621 A
`4,415,771 A
`4,418,425 A
`4,419,699 A
`4,420,656 A
`4,420,769 A
`4,420,833 A
`4,422,093 A
`4,422,105 A
`4,422,486 A
`4,424,532 A
`4,424,533 A
`4,425,578 A
`4,425,579 A
`4,425,581 A
`
`............... 348/781
`.. 371/22
`.
`
`364/900
`
`
`455/151
`
`1/1983 Liu ............................ 348/617
`1/1983 Degoulet et al.
`348/598
`
`........ 178/22.13
`1/1983 Gemperle et al.
`1/1983 Tomizawa et al.
`1/1983 Temime
`............. 358/22
`2/1983 Herrmann etal.
`2/1983 Citta et al.
`............... 455/184.1
`3/1983 Crager et al.
`178/3
`
`.............. 178/22.1
`3/1983 Davida et al.
`3/1983 Tiemann
`.......... 358/191.1
`3/1983 Templin et al.
`.............. 455/2
`3/1983 Anderson et al.
`3/1983 Murto et al.
`................ 179/2C
`
`4/1983 Wyner .........
`178/22.1
`4/1983 Leventer et al.
`............. 358/147
`4/1983 Lambert
`........................ 348/7
`4/1983 Acampora
`5/1983 Nagata .................. 340/825.44
`5/1983 Giallanza eta.
`340/825.47
`
`5/1983 Lunn
`5/1983 Shioda et al.
`5/1983 Rosbury et al.
`5/1983 Giltneret al.
`5/1983 Kocher et al.
`6/1983 Cox et al.
`6/1983 Aminetzah .................. 358/123
`.. 358/84
`6/1983 Ishman et al.
`
`6/1983 Cox et al.
`358/147
`
`6/1983 Posner etal.
`358/124
`
`..
`6/1983 Bond et al.
`358/119
`
`6/1983 Keiser .........
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`358/335
`. 340/825.44
`7/1983 Ohyagi
`.....
`
`.
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`8/1983 Southworth et al.
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`
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`
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`
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`........
`. 358/192.1
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`
`10/1983 Yashiro et al.
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`
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`
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`333/21A
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`11/1983 Fennel et al.
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`12/1983 Christopher et al.
`
`179/6.04
`12/1983 Freeman
`12/1983 Novak ........................ 358/139
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`12/1983 Rodesch et al
`358/903
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`12/1983 Maret ..................... 144/117R
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`1/1984 Haselwood et al.
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`1/1984 Schweppe etal. ........... 358/148
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`Page 6
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`1/1984 Sherman et a1.
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`1/1984 Pargee, Jr.
`.....
`.. 371/37
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`1/1984 York .......................... 340/310
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`................ 370/92
`.358/122
`2/1984 Cheung .........
`
`................. 348/1
`2/1984 Gimple et al.
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`2/1984 Best
`
`.. 179/1.5S
`2/1984 McCalmontet al.
`.
`2/1984 Schenk et al.
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`2/1984 Rzeszewski
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`............. 725/25
`3/1984 Furukawa et a1.
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`4/1984 DeLong
`178/22.04
`
`5/1984 Thomas
`.364/200
`5/1984 Fascenda et a1.
`. 340/988
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`5/1984 Ciciora ..........
`.358/147
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`5/1984 Seileretal.
`455/9
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`5/1984 Waschka, Jr.
`455/9
`5/1984 Price ..........
`.. 455/45
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`5/1984 Tanaka
`.340/814
`........
`5/1984 Lovett
`348/7
`
`5/1984 Dickinson
`. 358/114
`5/1984 Kenyon et al.
`.
`364/604
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`..
`.. 179/2 AS
`5/1984 Kempner et al.
`
`5/1984 Bendig ..........
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`6/1984 Toriumi
`......
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`6/1984 Lund et a1.
`.....
`. 358/118
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`6/1984 Heffron et a1.
`.
`364/900
`
`..... 455/4.1
`6/1984 Saekiet al.
`
`6/1984 Skerlos et a1. ........... 358/85
`7/1984 Mueller-Schloer
`178/22.11
`
`7/1984 Ciciora ..........
`.358/12