THE COMPACT EDITION
`
`OE THE OXFORD
`
`ENGLISH DICTIONARY
`
`COMPLETE TEXT
`
`REPRODUCED MICROGRAPHICALLY
`
`VOLUME I
`
`A-O
`
`

`

`Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP
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`by Oxford University Press, USA
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`© Oxford University Press 1971
`
`First published 1971
`Re-issued as part ofa 3 volume set 1987
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without
`the prior permission of Oxford University Press
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`The Compact edition of the Oxford English
`dictionary: complete text reproduced
`micrographically.
`Vols. I and 2: A-Z
`Vol. 3 : Supplements 1-4
`1. English language—Dictionaries
`It Burchfield, Robert IV.
`423 PE162 5
`ISBN 0-19—861212-5
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
`The Compact edition of the Oxford English dictionary.
`Includes bibliographies.
`1, English language—Dictionaries
`I. Burchfield, Robert W.
`II. Title: Oxford English dictionary
`PE1625,C58
`1987
`423
`87-1592
`ISBN 0-19-861212-5 (3 vols.)
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`
`
`

`

`NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
`
`IV. The Quotations illustrate the forms and uses of the word, showing the age of the word generally, and of its
`various senses particularly;
`the earliest and,
`in obsolete words or senses,
`the latest, known instances of its occurrence
`being alwaysquotcd. Except in special cases, where the letters of the Greek alphabet, o, )3, y, 54c. are used to separate
`parallel forms,
`the illustration of the farm: is subordinated to that of
`the aura:
`thequotations illustrating each sense
`immediately follow the" explanation.
`They are arranged" chronologically, so as to give about one for each century,
`though various considerations often render a larger number necessary. The original spelling is retained, as an essential
`part of
`the history of
`the language. But merely graphical or
`typographical devices,
`such as contractions, erratic
`presence of capitals, and (in seventeenth-century books) employment of italics
`to emphasize words, phrases, or whole
`passages, are not reproduced; and simple blunders, which would mislead, the reader, are tacitly corrected. The recent
`use of italics, to indicate a doubt about the status ofa word, is retained as being often of historical importance.
`A: to letters, the Old and Middle English ‘ thorn ’ 0 -II) and Old English ‘ divided a" or ‘the ’ (6; usually only a variant of ' p ', though some.
`times distinguished, as in the KEY TO PROHUNCIATIONX are retained; also ME. ‘ open‘tailed g‘, or
`‘ yca' (; —y initially, git finally).'
`In Old
`English, the letter g had the‘forrn ‘x, 5’ (a peculiar British development of the Roman G). Besides the original sound ingo,g'ild, this letter had also
`(It least in later Old English) a fricative sound as in German tag, or Irish long/t (or both), and a palatalixed sound, approximately my in ye, yes. After _.
`the Norman Conquest the modern forms ‘ g, g’, were introduced (from French) for the sound in go, and the new sound in ginger; but the OE. form 4
`(in process of time slightly modified) was retained [or the sounds in laugh, yes, till the introduction of Printing.
`In printing Old English,
`modern scholars rometimel reproduce the contemporary ‘3,-'g’ (A1 is done by SleVers, in his Axxgrlrfinin‘rcfir Grammatik), but more commonly
`substitute modem ‘ g, g". The adoption of either course exclusively in this work would hue broken the histuriCal continuity of the forms; in the
`one case, we should have had the same word appearing in the eleventh century as 'aold ‘, and in the twelfth century as ' gold ‘ ;
`in the other, the
`same word written in the eleventh century ‘ ge ’ and in twelfth century ‘ 3e ’. To avoid this, both forms are here uscd in Old English, in accordance
`with the Middle English distinction in their use ; thus, ‘ gold ‘, ‘ fie ', ‘(lma '. The reader will understand that ' g ' and ‘ 3 ' represent the same Old
`English letter, and that the distinction made between them is purely editorial (though certainly corresponding to a distinction of sound in OE");
`For ME. the form ‘3‘ commonly used in reprints is employed, so that OE. ‘3e' becomes ME. ‘3:', modern ‘ye'; OE. “genus, gendh‘,
`ME. ‘ynoa, inoug', mod.
`€euough'.
`‘
`.
`It is to be distinctly borne in mind that the quotations are not merely examples of the fully developed use‘of the word
`or special sense under which’they are cited:
`they have also to illustrate its origin,
`its gradual separation from'rallied words,
`or senses, or even, by negative evidence, its non—existence at the given date.
`It would often have becndesirable to annotate'
`the quotations, explaining the purpose for which they are adduced; but
`the exigencies of space render this impossible, and
`they are therefore left
`to speak for themselves.
`Some help has been offered by enclosing within [ . .] quotations given for
`what may be‘called‘ subsidiary purposes.
`‘
`‘
`‘
`‘
`’
`'
`..
`The needto keep the Dictionary within practicable limits has also rendered it necessary to give only a minimum“
`of quotations selected from the material available, and to make those given as brief as possible.
`It
`is, to be observed
`in their abridged form they simply illustrate the word, phrase, or construction,
`for which they arergivcn, and do
`not necessarily express the sentiments of their authors, though in‘ no case have they been intentionally curtailed in such
`a way as to misrepresent their original meaning. This,,however, may always be ascertained, and the full context recovered,
`by help of the czar! r: zrem-r to author, work, and passage, which it is a special feature of this work to give. (Here
`also the utmost concisencss hasybeen indispensable; the exact date renders the surnames onlykofflauthors in most cases
`sufficient;
`the titles of books are so‘ abbreviated as ,to be recognizable by those who know them, or to be adequate for the
`purpdse of reference to>a library or bibliographical catalogue. This is all
`that is now attempted; but a list, hereafter to be
`given, of all the authors and works quoted, with the editions read, and the Readers who extracted them for the Dictionary
`will give the full title of each work and form of abbreviation used, as well as indicate the mode of reference to each. Mean—
`while, it may be stated that, in order to make the latter, as ‘simplév as possible, an approximately uniform value- has been given
`to difl'erent
`forms, of numerals.
`Thus,
`in all works, Roman Capitals (IV.) stand for volume;
`small capitals (nu) for
`book, part, or other larger division;
`lower-case letters (iv.) for chapter or its equivalent; and Arabic numerals (42) for
`page. Other divisions, as marginal recline—the most useful of references, since it
`is not dependent on the paging of a
`particular edition—are indicated by special marks." In the Essayi'sts"of the 18th c. (Sprclaror, &c.), of which'itheieditions
`are innumerable,
`the reference P is to the paragraphs of each essay or number, counted for this purpose.
`In Parity,
`the reference 1v. iv. 42 means art, scene, line; or can/a, .rlanza, line, (rarely book, canto, .rlanza,) as the’ work may be divided.
`In Slmhpere (where the reading is
`that of the First Falio, 1623) the lines of the Globe edition are referred to.
`In
`dramatic Works, or other long poems, of which the lines are not numbered, the Arabic numerals mean the page of the
`edition quoted.
`Single poems are, whenever possible, cited by name and line;
`in Chaucer's Canlrrburj Taler, every
`edition of which has its own order and numbering,
`the only useful mode of reference was to number the lines of
`each piece, tale, or prologue, separately. As neither MSS. nor editions agree as to the junction of the Canon': I’eoman’r
`Prologue and Talc,
`the two have been reckoned *aS‘one piece." erlt'lvazur and the Parson’s- To]: are referred to by the
`versicles as divided in the Six-text edition, ~but numbered separately.
`In many works, bath prose and verse,
`the only
`available reference has been to the volume and ,6sz of a :péri‘jfed :a’r’h‘on, which is thus indicated, ' Wks. 1802, III. 178 '.
`Wherever practicable, a work is dated and quoted from its first edition:
`if the reference is to a later edition (as
`has been often unavoidable),
`the date of this is added (within parentheses) to the reference *.
`It is necessary to be
`
`' In the case of some well-known and often»quoted works, where the reference is always to a standard edition or modern literal reprint, it.
`has not been thought necessary to insert
`the date of it.
`This omission occurs in the ease of nearly all
`the pnblimtions printed by the
`Early English Text and other similar Societies, the reprints of Mr. Arbcr, and the following among other works z~Ancrm Rizal: (ed. 1853),
`BELLENozxs Livy (ed. 1821), Lo. anxans Frazirrar! (ed. 1812), BURKE Work: (ed. 1808), FABYAN Clironfcl: (ed. 18”), Gowns Confrm‘a
`
`

`

`NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
`
`IV. The Quotations illustrate the forms and uses of the word, showing the age of the word generally, and of its
`various senses particularly;
`the earliest and,
`in obsolete Words or senses,
`the latest, known instances of its occurrence
`being alwaysquoted. Except in special cases, where the letters of the Greek alphabet, n, ,8, y, are. are used to separate
`parallel forms,
`the illustration of the farm: is subordinated to that of the 5mm:
`thequotations illustrating each sense
`immediately follow the explanation.
`They are arranged“ chronologically, so as to give about one for each century,
`though various considerations often render a larger number necessary. The original spelling is retained, as an essential
`the history of
`the language. But merely graphical or
`typographical devices,
`such as contractions, erratic
`presence of capitals, and (in seventeenth-century books) employment of italics to emphasize words, phrases, or whole
`passages, are not reproduced; and simple blunders, which would mislead, the reader, are tacitly corrected. The recent
`use of italics, to indicate a doubt about the status of a word, is retained as being often of historical importance.
`As to letters, the Old and Middle English ‘ thorn ’ (p — ti) and Old English ‘ divided d' or ‘the ’ (6; usually only a variant of ' )1 ', though some~
`times distinguished, as in the Kev 'ro Paouurtcunom are retained: also ME. ‘ open-tailed g‘, or
`‘ yea ’
`(a —] initially, git finally).'
`In Old
`English, the letter; had the form ‘3, 3’ (a peculiar British development of the Roman G). Besides the original sound ingo,g-ild, this letter had also
`(at least in later Old English) a fricative sound as in German tag, or lrish long/t (or both), and n palatnlized sound, approximately -y in ye,yes. After ,.
`the Norman Conquest the modern forms ‘ g, g‘, were introduced (from French) for the sound in go, and the new sound in ginger; but the OE. form «
`(in process of time slightly modified) was retained for the sounds in long/t, yes, till the introduction of Printing.
`In printing Old English,
`modern scholars sometimes reproduce the contemporary ‘3; g’ (as is done by Sievers, in his Angrlrr'r’rfin‘rchr Gromman'k), but more commonly
`substitute modern ‘ g, g". The adoption of either course exclusively in this work would have broken the historical continuity of the forms; in the
`one case, We should have had the same word appearing in the eleventh century as ‘ sold ', and in the twelfth century as ' gold '; in the other, the
`some word written in the eleventh century ‘ ge ’ and in twelfth century ‘ 5e ’. To avoid this, both forms are here used in Old English, in accordance
`with the Middle English distinction in their use ; thus, ‘ gold ’, ‘ 3e ’, ‘ data '. The reader will understand that ‘ g ' and ‘ 3 ' represent the same Old
`English letter, and that the distinction made between them is purely editorial (though certainly corresponding to n distinction of sound in OE.).;
`the form ‘3‘ commonly used in reprints is employed, so that OE. ‘3e' becomes ME.
`'3:‘, modern ‘ye‘; OE. ‘unés, 3en6h',-
`ME. ‘ynoa, inoug', mod.
`€enongh'.
`It is to be distinctly borne in mind that the quotations are not merely examples of the fully‘developed use of the word
`or special sense under which they are cited: they have also to illustrate its origin,
`its gradual separation from‘lallied words,
`or senses, or even, by negative evidence, its non~existence at the given date.
`It would often have been desirable to annotate’
`the quotations, explaining the purpose for which they are adduced ;. but the exigencies of space render this impossible, and
`they are therefore left
`to speak for themselves.
`Some help has been offered by enclosing within [. . .] quotations given for
`what may be‘called subsidiary purposes.
`"
`'
`‘
`'
`.,
`The needto keep the Dictionary within practicable limits has also rendered it necessary to give only a. minimum’
`of quotations selected from the material available, and to make those given as brief as possible.
`It is, to be observed
`in their abridged form they simply illustrate the word, phrase, or construction,
`for which they aregivcn, and do
`not necessarily express the sentiments of their authors, though in no case have they been intentionally curtailed in such
`a way as to misrepresent their original meaning. This, however, may always be ascertained, and the full context recovered,
`by help of the exact referent: to author, work, and passage, which it
`is a special feature'of this Work to give, JHere
`also the utmost conciseness has been indispensable; the exact date renders the surnames onlyxofflauthors in roost cases
`the titles of books are so abbreviated as to be recognizable by those who know them», or to be adequate for the
`purpcise of reference to-a library or bibliographical catalogue. This is all
`that is now attempted; but a list, hereafter to be
`given, of all the authors and works quoted, with the editions read, and the Readers who extracted them for the Dictionary
`will give the full title of each work and form of abbreviation used,ias well as indicate the mode of reference to each. Mean—
`while, it may be stated that, in order to make the latter-as simpleas possible, an approximately uniform value: has been given
`to different
`forms of numerals.
`Thus,
`in all works, Roman Capitals (IV.) stand for volume;
`small capitals (n2) for
`book, part, or other larger division;
`lower-case letters (iv.) for chapter or its equivalent; and Arabic numerals (42) for
`pagl. Other divisions, as marginal .re‘clr'on—y—thc most useful of references, since it
`is not dependent on the paging of a.
`particular edition-ware indicated by special marks. " In the Essa’yi‘stsu'of the 18th c. (Sprrlalor, &c.), of whicih‘i‘theoeditions
`are innumerable,
`the reference P is to the paragraphs of each essay or number, counted for this purpose.
`In Parity,
`the reference 1v.
`iv. 42 means act, rrmc, line; or ran/a, .rlanza, line, (rarely book, canto,
`.rlanzn,) as the work may be divided.
`In Slzahpere (where the reading is
`that of the First Folio, 1623) the lines of the Globe edition are referred to.
`In
`dramatic works, or other long poems, of which the lines are not numbered, the Arabic numerals mean the page of the
`edition quoted.
`Single poems are, whenever possible, cited by name and 1131:;
`in Chaucer's Can/”bury Talrr, every
`edition of which has its own order and numbering,
`the only useful mode of reference was to number the lines of
`each piece, tale, or prologue, separately. As neither MSS. nor editions agree as to the junction of the Canon’: I’eoman'r
`Prologue and Tale,
`the two have been reckoned aS'one piece.“ xlfrlr'bamr and the Parson's Tale are referred to by the
`versicles as divided in the Six-text edition, but numbered separately.
`In many works, both prose and verse,
`the only
`available reference has been to the volumeiand pigs of a .rpértfied edition, which is thus indicated, ' Wks. r802, III. 178 '.
`Wherever practicable, a work is dated and quoted from its first edition:
`if the reference is to a later edition (as
`has been often unavoidable),
`the date of this
`is added (within parentheses) to the reference '.
`It is necessary to be
`' In the case of some welleknown and often-quoted works, where the reference is always to a. standard edition or modern literal reprint, it
`has not been thought necessary to insert
`the date of it.
`This omission occurs in the case of nearly all
`the publications printed by the
`Early English Text and other similar Societies, the reprints of Mr. Arber, and the following among other workszuAncrtn Rr'wl: (ed. 1853),
`
`

`

`,
`
`> DYNAM.
`r ribbon moved‘by
`There elements are recorded on a pa
`meam ofgoarlng from one of the as a of the car ofvan
`which carries ll“: mathine.‘ 1590 in Guitar; Dirt.
`‘
`‘
`[L F. djvlalnelalsodjrram1'2),
`‘ a unity of power, the fiar’ccvneccssary‘ to raise inn
`given time moo kilogrommes to a .height .of
`l metre'r; f. Gr. Wrap“- power, forchI‘f‘ A‘lerm
`proposed by Dr. When/ell, as expressive of :1 pound
`or other unit. in autumn the effect of mechanical
`labour.‘ Craig 1847.
`(See also Drum.) r‘
`, Dyndmxygnitomarlynnme for Drums cu,q;y.
`’o tdai'nlm). Plural-r.
`a. Gendyname,
`1?. Or. Slump": see Dunn} A force or a force
`and: couple, the resultant o allrthe forces acting
`together on a body. ;
`- r
`.»
`~
`.
`, a
`1.66 J. Pcflcita Fondant. View: ”akin Phil. Tran.
`(CLVl. 36: If any number of given forces. .act upon or pus
`through given points, “cording to the fundamental laws of
`alatits. the "mom; glee! is o mined by adding the six co—
`ordinates of the forces. .In the general cuel propose to call
`the cause producing the ruullinz «fleet Aymara. 1H4. 363
`A dynamo, determined h its six linear coordmater;.rep¢c«
`sent: the effect produced y two forces not intersecting each
`other“, MM. 369 A d name may be resolved Into pairs of
`forces, the forces of dirpain constitute a linear complex.
`Dy'nnmotor (dab, dimz'mltu ; {see;_Dnut«).
`(mod. f. Gr. about" pawcr+ plrp-‘ovym’easurc ;'.’or
`shortened from Drmmoucrnj
`fin instrument
`for measuring the magnifying power of n telescope;
`=Drnnraue‘rlnpmfl
`.
`,
`, i. ‘
`a rial Wemrn cites Rn'unm. my Comm 5": Pamfiun *
`Mfr-rap: 61 View the image .. formed‘in the visualgpen’cil
`of an engiscope, with a dynameter ol'very delicate divuions.
`:90 Locuvut Shun-sin! :16 The i
`e can be menu-ed
`.umh tolerable accuracy by Mr. Benhbn s dynanieter.
`‘
`Hence 13711121101210; Drum-1110‘! 1491., of
`or pertaining to o dyuameter.‘
`"
`'
`;
`‘
`g
`.
`rial Wrasru, Dmmrm’rd '
`‘
`5min: (dob, din‘re‘niik: Ic‘eDYrI’AQ , a..and rt}.
`. [ad. F. dym’rmiqm (Leiboitz 1692, Diet. Acad. 1762),
`nd. Gr; bmgzfir’ powerful,
`f. Wrap" power,
`'
`,.
`"
`.
`2 1. Of or pertaining to force producing
`motion;;,oflen opposed to .rlah‘c.
`,_ f
`..
`,
`,
`1&1 D. Guani- In Pju‘I. Tram. CXVII. 25 Mr. Waltz». .
`assumed one pound raised one” foot high far'whnldlls been
`called in other countries the dynamic unit.
`rug-i5 Glove
`Carr. Pig's. Far“: (ed.,xl.13 A' comparative view of the,
`uscular and dynnmlcrthguricl of hoary, xggo [5“. (ed. a)
`12",] have used . . the terrm’dynarnie an'd‘statxc to: reprégent
`the different stats of magnetism. 13,47
`. Donia Prime;
`llflraul. Engineer. 9‘ Thehmse'n wer _ principallyused Q
`by Engineers in this count
`as a
`_1c unit.
`: i
`H,
`Sauces Prinz. Psych}. u, 1‘2) ll. yr. xi. :36 We find ,lzhx
`amic ell'ect.;in tho‘e‘molecolar returango
`merits which {swaths in willnvmam/‘”8“O.TYRDALL
`Glue. u. xix. 331 According to Vthefdynramic yiew ..hcat
`.is regarded as a motion.
`:88: Axmtouo Address Brit.
`. Auk. in Nam" No. 6:9. 449 Such is the'richness ofcool
`as n snore or'mechanieal energy that a pound‘ol’coal, even '
`as used in the uteam~enflnorproducct a dynamic cfl’ec!
`.about live times greater 1. n a pound or gunpowder burnt
`..._.5;.»~.~, _.
`,,,£"
`;
`.7,
`._
`.2. Of or pertaining .to force inaction or. opera 4
`'
`*
`_
`-, “ '-
`,»
`‘W
`ifii TVHDAL; Monuhar'nelr.
`i. 6 What would. nign be
`without [Natural A more'eapaeity. if such athing be con-
`teivable alone; potential but not dynamic._"' Ifii— Heal
`ir. x;i“\\v:hilc in t c act a falling. the‘énergy of r e weight
`is fictive.“ It may be calledtadnnl on
`y", m' antithesis lo
`.rer'Hr. or :. dynamic- energy, in anti! esis Io‘talrrr‘rr'ely."
`4 ”rid. r B As potenlinl'ener‘gy di
`pears d 11:
`
`
`‘,;,;
`‘
`.
`..’~«»
`y 3. 1mm]. and/lg. Active, potent, energetic, efi'ec-
`..
`.2
`a
`’5
`‘ a
`*
`>
`-
`'
`1856 Bunion Eur. Trailr, Lit. Wlu. (Bohn.), H.105
`Their dynamic brains hurled 08' their Words, as the revulv.
`in; none hurls'oll’uscrapa ‘ofgrit.
`xl76 Gino. Emor- D'P'"
`Drr.’ r. i, What via: the secret of form or expression which
`
`pave the dynamic qlualicyto her glance? l
`LchY Eng.
`. i. u t [Greek intellect] has
`en’the great
`dynamic agency in Europeancivilisatiou.
`:-
`.
`‘
`,,
`,
`
`1). 0p used to static.”
`.
`" ,
`,
`_
`,
`.
`_
`7 1876 C . Mason Eur. Gram; (ed. 2!) "7"(‘1'0 borrow a*
`’riietaphor from mechanics) the adjective is anath- atlrr'b: It,
`the verb is a dynamic alrfibuk.
`.
`‘2'
`-'
`i
`"
`
`4. Of. according toI orpertaimng to the selem.
`of Drruuncs; as the dynamic theory of the tides. ‘~
`“35-5: Nickel. Arrér'lfh’mo. fed. 9) rgfiA sure dynamic
`
`o The
`[lg] E. Pencocx'z'v'. Brendon ‘II
`amic laws which cause‘a' urnp to act.
`.
`_
`.,
`
`[VI/rd. a. -Funetiuno , ‘in contrudlstmctlon 0
`organic; as in dynamic dilemmmb. With’~Hahne—’
`munn andxhisfollowers: Of the nature of some
`immaterial or ‘ spiritual’ influence.
`1' 6. Attended
`with a morbid increase of vital action. sthemc (ohm.
`Dynamic retool: a name given‘rto lhe Stahliansgor fol-
`lowers ofStahl. as attributing the vital phenomena to the
`operation or an internal for‘ce‘or poWer actm forth: most
`, part independently of external causes.
`(Sf . 5:06. Lexi ~¢
`see ADVNAMICJ; 183.} GM: Slur!) M’m’. (ed; 4) IV.
`r. Stoker .. has divrded dmpsies into two kinds,
`dynamic and .adynamic. 1,3355 {. R. kyvkows Dir-.8miu
`ix, The aim lefact oficonvu sions‘flls proof ol'd amic
`(functional disease. j star 1. 6161.0sz in Essay: 58:3}.
`
`,
`
`.
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`2736
`16. in the Kantmnphilosophy : Relating ~10 the
`, mason" of’yeristence’of anvohject of experience;
`/
`‘ Dynamic "(art's-u, thc’re’lalions between objects as form.
`misparts or one connected experience :‘viz’.
`the aeration: of
`nu
`lance and accident, or cause and cfl'ect, Indy ofrsub
`atanca acting upon each other. Dynamic cougar . acutew
`gory that expresses one of the dynamic relations. 15 Atomic
`
`owl/wry} a.
`synthesis which ‘is 'zuided by the
`ynunic
`categories,
`.1
`_
`..
`,
`>.
`,w;
`y
`,.
`7.‘l{el'au,ng to thejex‘istcnce or action of‘some
`force or; » forces ; npplied‘esp. to a theory that
`accounts for matter, or for‘mlnd; as bcin merely
`thc‘Actian of forces 2 sec Dru/imam 1."
`g
`"
`Dynamic than? V Kent, a theory according to which
`matter was conceived to be constituted by two antagonistic
`pnnciples’ofattraction and
`ulsion. "*
`r '~
`;
`v
`>
`‘ 1.}, Container. flip . Lit.“ .ix. use We had bolh’equal
`obligations to the pa
`lO‘IC and dynamic philosophy’of
`Gtordano Bruno.
`., x:» .3 ,
`,
`"
`r:
`‘
`‘
`3.415. 1.—'Drxr.tmcs, q. v.
`.
`'4»-
`,
`;
`. a
`’ 1073 Currant) .5)!!er o »l,:rlun§ in {lint/a. gym
`1388:0516 IZhe science whic
`teaches under what circum~
`stances particular motions lake late. .is called Dynamie..
`It 1‘ divided into turn
`a,
`ratr’c..and Kinetic.
`Ila!
`. (m1? Elements of ynamic: an Introduclidn to I e
`Study Mound-ind Run. in Solid and Fluidlllodies.
`, 31-13311:er theory : Ice A; 7. cf
`v';
`' 1m tr. ain't Mela/k. 305 As Kan: does in the course
`ul'his ‘Proof' of this ‘ Preeephblo. r‘ol’ his ‘ Dynamic '.
`3. Energizing or motive force” -,
`.
`.: § 3
`,
`159. H. pnuuuou‘ogflmru! anm 270 The Struggle for
`Life, as ilrc'! dynamic,‘ can never wholly can.
`1
`Advert: (Chicago) :6 Jul 3o]: There is lack ofdynamtr.
`There is lack_ol' direct sou -cbangin{ power.
`f ‘
`,.
`Dynmgal (clap, dmc'mi :il); a.
`[[1 u prec.
`V',
`+ 'Allu], '._.
`f» ”I, L
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`(L
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`3’,
`.
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`" 'L v»:
`'
`_ 1. Of or pertaining to the rciencekof Drrulncs.
`"“7!“ Puwnua Nat. PHI. (1319) ll. 27l.Anolelientlry
`exposrnqu of»the dynamical principles employed in these
`Investigations. .4!
`HKISCDIIL.AII‘YOII. viii. 266 As an
`abstract dynamic: , proposition.
`also HuxLerxin Sci.
`Dir—ion :8 Apr. 486/3 Strict,,deduetions from admitted
`dynamical principles.
`‘
`, I
`y)
`,
`_
`2. 0forperla1mug to force ormechanlcul power:
`=Drn‘auxca. 1,1.
`,
`,
`4,
`.
`a,
`‘
`,
`_‘
`Dynamic?! (baron): epmnt e,
`y tricity. as exhibited in
`the galvanic bane . audio electromellveappliancex .
`'
`‘
`A" Visas-rel,
`ym’uiu‘cal, pertaining to luength or
`power.
`,. racy Guava Corr.
`fly .‘fmu (ed. u :5 Nor
`do we by anyo our ordinary methods teat heat in anyothrr
`way than by in purely dynamical action. 335% H. Srmcta
`Frye; Par/rel. 387:) ll. Vl. It. :38 In this may dynamial
`r
`. can.
`1
`'e ynam
`orcesw ,u: maps-exact!“
`2c“°"§°”?:“;‘ to;
`roiuctionigflagund. h” b may Plus.
`byfie Gulf Stream.
`* 196: Ste H. HOLLAND En. i. :4 On the
`mutual convertibilityfiofuheat and dynagnical force. 33880
`Knucmu ,Ph‘yx. Gear. in. 96 hi permanent condition or
`dynamicnleQuIlibI-ium. up: Stew. uni-sou in Nature No.
`519.135 ljlagh potential. .5 thememial for gooddynamlcal
`eoonoruym the elecmc transmission ofpower.
`,.
`b.;tramf Cf. Drruuuo a. 3 b.
`--;
`. V_, y
`.
`. S. H. Honcsou' Tia. Priclier. “iv. 5 93. it The dis-
`‘Incl’on betwecnjhe station] and dynamical mode of pen
`.pepuon ives the dintinetion between noun and verb.
`[See ‘
`also;:.v.. rumcauznl 3.2:
`:.:’
`,
`.
`’
`_
`,
`~
`3. Applied to Inspiration conceived as an en-
`dowing with ‘divincypower,
`in 3 op osition to a
`‘mechanical ”In: irntion in which t e medium is
`
`the? fere tool or instrument of the Deity. "'
`‘
`, w 1341' Mans ‘Caih. Thur. xvi. 6o The'm‘ubod‘ in which
`at {Divine‘jloflucncel hasfbeen exerted on man has been
`dynamical father’flnn merely mechanical.
`£845 Bur
`filfsn‘ogr Cam/Z (1850) aggi‘Andrew'csfn was disposed to
`look arthe ‘work of the Spin: rather as mechanical
`than u
`dynamical ‘orf organical.
`3356 ‘J. hiacnaucu'r
`cctr‘r’ue
`lugfrr. gi. (1857) 6,1! a living man’..be ‘moved by the‘
`
`Spunk; It am. assuredly, only be by a strengthenin . ’oé‘ -’
`
`enlarging; or adding to the number of the faculties c that
`living man-that is, by 'dyuamical ' inspiration. ’
`,
`‘3'"
`4. Qt or pertaining toflDi‘Nnmsn (sense l).'
`x
`5 anc3 Mar. filler. Put“. in Eugen Alt—Ira).
`579 {That hi h_l'orvn of d nominal philosophyywhicb was
`contained m I e
`ms of mpedocles ongri entum. also
`- Mar. 4- Mel.
`.Iu‘lor. (ed. a) 85 The nalnn philosophers
`.. of Greece are drvrded into the dynamical and mechanical—
`
`[Thales being assigned to the farmerclaas.
`"
`,
`'
`.5. Med. ,Functionol:g=DrN.\x1c 5 n.
`,
`_,
`r86: '12]. GflAllAH Prod. Med. :1 Another element of
`disease. In the d nautical condition 0, a part, appcln lobe
`
`an alleruxioniri t e relation between the‘tisauesand the‘blbod.
`
`'Dynowany,‘mlu. ' [f. prec.j- [42.] "lnin
`- dynamtc or dynnmic‘al manner of Way; in theflw'ny
`
`
`ofn. force “I action;.or‘ln motion“; from thepoint of
`View of dyngruics." 7
`"
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`
`1833 chéucx. Arrmr. viii. "£2611 straight line. dynami-
`cally speaking."'rs the only path which can be pursued by a
`body absolutely free.
`x836 BlACGILLIVIlAV tr. mebalrr’t':
`. Truly. xxui. 4n Manifesting its;
`\ver. at
`reat distances,
`only d namically,‘hy"shakmg’ ’l
`'e’ crust ol' our'planet in'
`linear
`irections.
`.1879 S. H, Hobosox Tilt. Pmfiu’ II.
`N. I 93.§ Thefidisuncuou'of‘noun ind verb..seems to me lo
`‘ be the distinction between an object considered aluminum,
`- and one! perhaps'the sagne object,'con‘sidered dynamically-“
`A verb]: :1 nouvitin rrintion,’a noun-in a verb at run' . 'vrlar.
`Mumps: Cal 9 The animal may be considered statically or-
`d nami'cally.‘~‘ L
`“*2
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`l‘Ag-synonym‘r of Ila/any
`
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`DYNAMIBM.
`action of force in producing or avarying; motion,
`and tliiii oppdied to; SIa/r'tr’(wlfich treats of rest
`or equilibriumdunder the action of forces); more
`recently (see quots. :863w61),
`the name Kinetic:
`has been introduced for
`the former,‘ Dynamics
`being'takcn in a more corn"rchcnsivc'flxindw‘rnore
`etymological) sense. to inclu éStatics and Kinetics.
`But the earlier usage.
`in which Statics and‘inyz
`namics are treated u‘s'co-ordmate,”is still retained
`by some physicists‘,’nnd has largely influenced the
`popular and transferred npplicationr 'of the word
`and it’s‘derivatives. Also, called Dunno.
`. £73349 Hummer) Smfifinqcl, 93:34:11?“ is the science
`*of moving powers; morep‘articularlyot'rhe motion afbodses
`that mutually act on one another.
`a
`Reason Met/ma.
`I’lrflar. Pref,_'1'he enouLdoctrinexo Dynamic are the
`basis of Mechanic: ' Philoéophg.
`sari-16 Puvu’m Nut.
`Pail". limo) I. s This
`rt of
`ynamies would'lead to the
`consideration
`Centra Forces.
`.1809 Net. I‘kilor.r,~M«Ir.
`I. i. 41 U.K.S.) In Ville. second part, which is called dyna’
`midi,
`_
`res myconndend as submitted to theacfjon of
`forces which are not in
`uilibriu’m; ‘« 1363 Tuousou 8r. Tarr
`15%:ch 4/5/11”. Dylan: :1 r Dynamicsiethe science which
`Investigates the action of Formubynaroics is- divided. into
`two parts. §uticsand Kinetics. .1361 — Nat. Philgx. agar.
`2 Keeping m yieviv the proprietics of language. and following
`the example ofthc most logical writers, we employ the term
`Dynamics in its. true sense as the science which treats ar the
`action offm't. whether it maintains relative rest, or pro-
`duces acceleration (relative motion. The two correspond~
`mg diviéom‘ol' Dynamics-”ml thus conveniently, entitled
`Static: and Kinetics. . :37: Truoau. Fragui. Still 879) I. l.’
`11 We deal withstatics, not: with dynamics; 1 f, ,
`. b. 'lhat branch of any science in whrchJorcc or
`forces are considered. j
`5‘ .5». ’
`_
`.
`g
`a 1. Geological Dynamic; that'branch of geology which
`[run of the nature and operation of the forcq by w ich the
`earth's surface has, been afl'ecf u dininguished from that
`which trials of the‘exiuin con ‘tion ol’rhe surface,and'rh‘e
`order anghchalzeterisliau weights."
`-
`['w 'h C
`5-]
`”ll-.3 m.
`‘cvunls 156
`.so-
`“you“:
`Social Dynamicsfi: the cheer dwclitycomidered in a «tale
`ol'progreulve movement :‘w K'l’e Social Staticsis theflieoryol‘
`the constant: alrudy apoltc‘n‘of aa'_ exiuio
`among the
`difl'erent pans of the sacral organism. «1845‘ RAVIS Ram.
`Law - in Encycl. M:lro)...7§8/t ‘He; treats rather of the
`dynamic; than of the duties of law—rather of tho-3e events
`or flirt-er by which classes of rights begin, are modified or
`terminate, than ofthoseri ht: and duties which accompany
`a given :larr‘mry le'galre alien.
`1863 Lveu. Anrr’g. Man
`xv. 313 It” is for those to decide who HE'EDnVemnI with
`dynamic ofglacier motiou.g
`.
`'..
`4
`.
`2v
`..
`.-:
`2. Irony: The. moring physical or moral forces
`in any s‘phere,_ 'or the laws by which ,lheyal.
`”“33 Cultural: {Ian's}. Mo§(1835{£'vi.,‘236 Tojnnsettlc,
`the moral dynamics which nature/
`in established there.
`In” J.v MAITIzlflUVC‘f. Life (1861)189 The-great store
`; house of our 5 mtual dynprmcs. 38w Bucrurmn go Yran‘
`Con/1. (135:) I . 392 Conscienee‘seemed lobe a force as little
`known to the dynarnic’aof politicians in thc‘oineteenthaa in
`the seventeenth century. r867 szfiopjamo Nocom-
`preliensive theory of the dynamics olizsxhenc‘evo ution has
`«yet been propoundcdu,
`‘1,
`,
`‘
`é“,
`1‘, V
`,.
`'
`21' Dynamide.‘ L; A generic term proposedby Ber~
`zelius to include the ‘ impoutlerables ', caloric, light.
`electricity. and magnetism, in substitution forfrail.
`(-B’rl'. 50:. Lee. 1883.)
`€25,
`'2’”
`,
`=
`‘
`ynomi-meter,“ Dynamo-motor.
`forum
`more etymologically . correct. proposed ”and, by
`.Vsorne used, insteador Drujtuoul'rrzn.
`“
`f
`‘
`' in (dai:n~, di'nimiz'm). [f_.Gr. Bllvnpur
`power. force 4» 91811.
`.In mod.F. dynami:m:.] .i. ;
`1. A philosophicalsystem', theory, or doctrine,
`which Seeks to explain the‘pbenomenaof the uni-
`verse by some immunent force or energy; :.
`.
`
`ers,
`Applied to __nn_ancient doctrineuol: theblonic philoso
`Whu’explained the motion or bodies by such
`rinci es as
`love” and hired; to the doctrine of Leib’niu t at al lub—
`stanee involyes force; and to modern theories that mechani-
`cal energy is subtrance, or that the doctrine of energy is
`autheient to explain the conszitution ofthe universe. _
`1851 \V. FLEMING Vac». Plxr'lar. (r853) 14! Dynumr‘rm,
`the philossggahz of Leibnitz,
`that all substance‘involvee
`firrr.
`I
`cult/n). Rev. ll.
`5 1 To distinfiuishfthe
`dynamism of Goethe from that of
`iderot.,lo a out how
`this dynamism is related to the free,
`'ntheistic doctrine
`which emerged in Goethe's niind from t e dogmatic system
`of . . Spinoza. 1875‘er“ Prnl'l. Life a» Mimi w. iv. I 77
`_ IL. 316 Two
`renttsystems mbrace-allzminorafitems:
`Atonxism and Ay\narmsm..The ,Dynamiu. theory regard:
`’ Mnuér u'donstilutefi by uyuexten'ded centres of force.
`r576
`Murmur; in‘CanI