Network Working Group
`Request for Comments: 1580
`FYI: 23
`
`Category: Informational
`
`EARN Staff
`EARN Association
`March 1994
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`Status of this Memo
`
`This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
`does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
`this memo is unlimited.
`
`Table of Contents
`
`4
`1. Introduction... .. . 1. ee ee ee ee
`5
`2. GOPHER
`:
`5
`2.1. What is Gopher
`6
`2.2. Who can use Gopher
`6
`2.3.
`How to get to Gopher
`6
`2.3.1. Local clients
`6
`2.3.2. Remote clients
`Boe ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee CULT
`2.4. Using Gopher
`2.5. VERONICA ... a)
`2.6. Learning more about “Gopher Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee Ad
`3. WORLD-WIDE WEB...
`{8 8 € FBR SEU Swen es
`2
`2 2
`3.1. What is World- Wide Web o
`2% e Se He Boe ww ae
`oe ow oo
`ow ES
`3.2. Who can use World-Wide Web ......... .. .. .
`.
`=. 13
`
`. 14
`How to get to World-Wide Web .......... 4.4...
`3.3.
`3idnk; Local clients
`«9 5 es & vw we ee ew ww a
`see ee we LA
`2:32. Remote clients.
`4
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`3.3.2.1. E-mail access ......... 2.
`6.
`«© ee ee ee es 15
`3.4. Using World-Wide Web ................. .
`. 16
`3.5. Examples ...
`oY 2 woe
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`3.6. Learning more about “World: Wide Web woo
`oat
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`A WATS cep
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`4.1. What is WAIS .............. 2...
`. 2...
`.
`. 22
`4.2. Who can use WAIS ........ 2.0...
`2.
`2.
`2.
`2.
`2.
`2. 2... 23
`
`2. 2... 23
`2.
`2.
`4.3. How to get to WAIS ........... 2...
`6. 2.0.0.
`«23
`2.
`2.
`4.4. Using WAIS ........ 2... 2...
`2.
`2.
`2.
`2.
`4.4.1. E-mail access ..... . 2... ee eee eee ee 24
`4.5. Examples ...
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`4.6 Learning more about “WATS
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`5. ARCHIE... aa
`5.1. What is ARCHIE 22 £2 €
`2 eB EER REM OS RS wee BE BF
`Sez. Who can use ARCHIE «
`.
`6
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`
`EARN Staff
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`[Page 1]
`
`EMC/VMware v. PersonalWeb
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`IPR2013-00083
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`EMCVMW 1069
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`€ RF Gie wae ae
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`2. Using Telnet... Soe ee ee ee ee ee BL
`3. Using electronic mei cg & € ES FE Mie we ak = ee BA
`Examples ...
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`6. WHOIS ...
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`. 66
`
`How to get to BITFTP ........... 2.2... 2...
`Using BITFTP ....... 2.0.0... 2...
`2. 2... 2...
`
`. 66
`. 66
`
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`10.
`
`EARN Staff
`
`[Page 2]
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`.1. Using a local elient ee eee ee ee ee eee 40
`-2. Using Telnet .... eee ee eee ee ee 4d
`.3. Using electronic wal Se ee ee ee ee ee 48
`Examples ...
`ce ee ee ee ee ee 44
`Learning more about “WHOIS: Coe ee 45
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`What is x. 500. Se ee ee 45
`Who can use X.500
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`. 48
`.3. Using electronic mail
`...........2.2.2.2.2.. 50
`Examples ...
`See ee eee ee ee ee 50
`Learning more about x. 500. eee eee ee ee ee eee. 5B
`a
`8. NETFIND
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`2. Who can use NETFIND ............ 4... 4...
`=. 54
`
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`How to get to NETFIND ........... +... 2...
`3.
`. 55
`4. Using NETFIND ............ 2... 2... 2...
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`& BY
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`11.1. What is LISTSERV... ..... 2.0.0... 2.0... 2...
`. 70
`11.2. Who can use LISTSERV ............... 2...
`.
`721
`11.3.
`How to get to LISTSERV .................. 721
`11.4. Using LISTSERV ....... 2.0.0.0...
`2.
`2.
`6.
`2.
`2. 2...
`. 73
`11.4.1. Commands for LISTS.
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`13.4. PROSPERO .. .
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`IRC ...........+.2.2.24.. 99
`13.6. RELAY
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`13.6.2. How to get to RELAY0)
`13.6.3. Learning more about RELAY ............. =.
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`14. Security Considerations ................. .
`101
`15. References .
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`
`16. Acknowledgements . ...... 0.0.0.0...
`
`2.
`
`2.
`
`2.
`
`6.
`
`2.
`
`2. 2...
`
`102
`
`EARN Staff
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`[Page 3]
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`€
`€
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`«6TOB
`¢ #8 #8 ee EEK wee ae es)
`4
`4
`;
`17; Author's Address:
`103
`18. Appendix A - Freely available networking software .... .
`18.1, Gapher claente:. oe©EOS2. « . ee ow ow oe Bow ee tee we ce we we
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`18.2. World-Wide Web clients ................. 104
`18.3; WAIS clientes:
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`18.4. Netnews - news reader software ........ .
`+
`+
`+
`.
`106
`
`1. Introduction
`
`As the worldwide academic computer network grows and expands far
`beyond its previous confines, so the resources and services available
`on the network evolve and multiply at a dizzying rate. The typical
`user is hardpressed to keep up with this explosive growth.
`Fortunately, a number of tools are available to facilitate the task
`of locating and retrieving network resources,
`so that users anywhere
`can utilize texts, data, software and information for public access.
`Facilities to explore public domain software repositories,
`to consult
`mailing list archives and databases,
`to retrieve directory
`information and to participate in global group discussions are now
`available to all.
`
`The key to exploiting these resources is a server, special software
`on a computer somewhere in the network which accepts requests (or
`queries or commands) and sends a response automatically. The
`requestor does not have to be working on the same computer
`(or even
`in the same part of the world)
`in order to use the server. Many
`servers accept requests via electronic mail,
`so that often the
`requestor needs not even be on the same computer network as the
`server.
`In many cases, servers are interconnected so that once you
`have established contact with one server, you can easily communicate
`with other servers as well.
`
`Today, many users have powerful computers on the desktop, with
`advanced graphical, audio and storage capabilities, which are
`connected to the network. This fact has given rise to what is known
`as the client-server model. Users can have special software on their
`local computer called a client which can utilize the capabilities of
`that computer and can also communicate with a server on the network.
`These clients provide an easy-to-use,
`intuitive user interface, allow
`use of pointing devices such as a mouse, and exploit other local
`features. The client sends the user’s requests to a server using a
`standardized format (called a protocol) and the server sends its
`response in a condensed format which the client displays to the user
`in a more readable way.
`
`Several of the tools described herein have several different
`functions. However they could be classified in functional areas
`according to their main purpose. Sections two and three cover two
`
`EARN Staff
`
`[Page 4]
`
`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`services, Gopher and World-Wide Web, which use the client-server
`model to explore the network providing a means of moving through a
`wide range of network sources and resources in a uniform and
`intuitive way.
`A tool for searching in a wide range of different
`databases located throughout the network, WAIS,
`is documented in
`section four. The problem of knowing where to find network resources
`(files and programs)
`is addressed in section five, which deals with
`archie. Three tools for finding people, computers and their network
`addresses, WHOIS, X.500 and Netfind, are discussed in sections six,
`seven and eight. While just about all of these network tools can be
`used to get files of one sort or another,
`there are a few servers
`available for getting files easily and efficiently from various
`repositories in the network. Two of these servers, TRICKLE and
`BITFTP, are covered in sections nine and ten. Sections eleven and
`twelve deal with what is perhaps the most popular of all the network
`resources, discussion groups on every imaginable topic. The two tools
`discussed there are LISTSERV and Netnews
`(Usenet). Section thirteen
`gives brief descriptions and pointers for a number of tools which
`were not mainstream enough to get a full description. Some are still
`in the developmental stage (Prospero),
`some are relatively unknown
`outside a particular network (ASTRA and Netserv from EARN/Bitnet and
`Mailbase from JANET) and some are meant for chatting rather than work
`(Relay and IRC).
`
`The purpose of this guide is to supply the basic information that
`anyone on the network needs to try out and begin using these tools. A
`basic knowledge of networking terminology has been assumed, as well
`as familiarity with the basic tools of networking: electronic mail
`(often referred to as e-mail or simply mail
`throughout this guide)
`and,
`for those connected to the Internet, FTP (file transfer
`protocol) and Telnet
`(remote login). It is beyond the scope of this
`guide to describe these basic tools. The example in the BITFTP
`section of this guide shows how one can use BITFTP to get guides to
`these tools over the network.
`
`2. GOPHER
`
`2.1. What is Gopher
`
`is a distributed document
`The Internet Gopher, or simply Gopher,
`delivery service. It allows users to explore, search and retrieve
`information residing on different locations in a seamless fashion.
`
`the information appears to the user as a series of
`When browsing it,
`nested menus. This kind of menu structure resembles the organization
`of a directory with many subdirectories and files. The subdirectories
`and the files may be located either on the local server site or on
`remote sites served by other Gopher servers. From the user point of
`
`EARN Staff
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`[Page 5]
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`view, all information items presented on the menus appear to come
`from the same place.
`
`The information can be a text or binary file, directory information
`(loosely called phone book),
`image or sound.
`In addition, Gopher
`offers gateways to other information systems (World-Wide Web, WAIS,
`archie, WHOIS) and network services (Telnet, FTP). Gopher is often a
`more convenient way to navigate in a FTP directory and to download
`files.
`
`A Gopher server holds the information and handles the users’ queries.
`In addition,
`links to other Gopher servers create a network wide
`cooperation to form the global Gopher web (Gopherspace) .
`
`2.2. Who can use Gopher
`
`Gopher uses the client-server model to provide access to the Gopher
`web. You must be on the international TCP/IP network (the Internet)
`in order to use a client on your computer to access Gopher.
`
`2.3. How to get to Gopher
`
`Users explore the Gopher menus using various local clients or
`accessing a remote client via an interactive Telnet session.
`
`2.3.1. Local clients
`
`Public domain clients for accessing a Gopher server are available
`for: Macintosh, MS-DOS, OS/2, VM/CMS, VMS, NeXT, Unix, X-Windows.
`The clients are available for anonymous FTP from many FTP sites
`(e.g., boombox.micro.umn.edu in the directory /pub/gopher). See
`the list of freely available client software in Appendix A.
`
`2.3.2. Remote clients
`
`Some sites allow public access to a client. To access such a
`remote client,
`telnet to one of these sites:
`
`$o-------------2-55 =e +
`
`|
`Australia (login:
`info.anu.edu.au
`|
`|
`Columbia
`tolten.puc.cl
`|
`|
`Ecuador
`ecnet.ec
`|
`|
`Sweden
`gopher.chalmers.se
`|
`|
`USA
`consultant.micro.umn.edu
`|
`|
`USA
`gopher.uiuc.edu
`|
`|
`USA (login: panda)
`panda.uiowa.edu
`|
`|
`USA
`sunsite.unc.edu
`|
`fon nnn en ere nn nn nnn nn nen en eee oo eo -------- +
`
`info)
`
`EARN Staff
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`[Page 6]
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`(unless specified otherwise) and
`type gopher
`At the login: prompt
`the top-level Gopher menu for that site will be displayed.
`
`Users are requested to use the site closest to them.
`
`2.4. Using Gopher
`
`The implementations of the Gopher clients on various platforms are
`slightly different to take advantage of the platforms’
`capabilities (mouse, graphic functions, X-Windows server) and to
`offer the popular look and feel. Even with different
`implementations,
`the same set of functions and commands is
`available.
`
`When issuing the gopher command, you will be connected
`automatically to the default Gopher server specified at the
`installation. The format of the command is:
`
`where hostname is an optional alternative Gopher server you want
`to talk to.
`
`When connected to a Gopher server, it is still possible to access
`another server by exploring the Other Gopher servers in the rest
`of the world branch. To locate them more easily,
`the Gopher
`servers are distributed in geographical regions:
`
`++4++F
`
`Africa
`Europe
`Middle East
`North America
`Pacific
`South America
`
`and then by countries.
`
`Access to a Gopher server is identical whether using a local or a
`remote client: a simple menu-driven interface which doesn’t
`require any special training or knowledge from the user.
`
`Here is a sample menu:
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`Internet Gopher Information Client v1.1
`
`Information About Gopher
`
`aoaiIminbwNe
`
`About Gopher.
`Search Gopher News <?>
`Gopher News Archive/
`(Usenet newsgroup) /
`comp.infosystems.gopher
`Gopher Software Distribution/
`Gopher Protocol Information/
`University of Minnesota Gopher software licensing policy.
`Frequently Asked Questions about Gopher.
`ko
`gopher 93/
`10. Gopher| example server/
`11. How to get your information into Gopher.
`--> 12. New Stuff in Gopher.
`13. Reporting Problems or Feedback.
`14. big Ann Arbor gopher conference picture.gif <Pictures>
`
`Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu
`
`Page: 1/1
`
`In the example above, any item can be selected by typing its line
`number or by moving the cursor (-->) next to it.
`
`An item could be:
`
`+++t+*HFFFt
`
`a subdirectory
`a text file
`a binary file
`a sound file
`an image file
`a phone book (directory information)
`an index-search
`a Telnet session
`
`In
`Items are displayed with an identifying symbol next to them.
`the example above,
`"<?>" means a full text index-search, "/" means
`a subdirectory, "<Picture>" means an image file and no symbol
`means a text file.
`
`Some Gopher clients are not able to handle certain file types
`(e.g., sound files). Some clients display only files of types they
`can handle or files they suppose you are interested in. Others
`
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`RFC 1580
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`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`display all types of files.
`
`Most Gopher clients allow you to create, view and select
`bookmarks. A bookmark keeps track of the exact location of a
`Gopher item, regardless of where it resides. It is useful when you
`often need to reach a file or a service located far from the
`top-level directory. A collection of bookmarks is like a
`customized Gopher menu.
`
`Some capabilities of a local Gopher client are bound to the
`capabilities of your own computer.
`In fact, for sound files,
`files and Telnet sessions,
`the Gopher client looks for the
`appropriate software on your computer and passes control to it to
`perform the requested task. When the task is completed, control is
`returned to the Gopher client.
`
`image
`
`At any time, it is possible to terminate the session (quit
`command),
`to cancel
`the current processing or to get the on-line
`help (help command).
`
`An item is processed according to its type:
`
`a subdirectory
`its contents are displayed. To go up one level, use the up
`command.
`
`a text file
`
`the file is displayed. Then you can browse it, search for a
`particular string, print it on a local printer or copy (save)
`it onto your local disk space in a user-specified file (the
`last 2 functions may not be available to you).
`
`a binary file
`the remote file is simply copied onto your local disk space in
`a user-specified file. Binary files are binhexed Macintosh
`files, archives (.zip,
`.tar,...), compressed files, programs,
`etc.
`
`a sound file
`the remote file is played through your local audio device if it
`exists, as well as the appropriate utility. Only one sound file
`can be active at a time; you will be warned if you try to play
`a sound before a previous one is done.
`
`an image file
`the remote file is displayed on your computer screen if an
`image viewer exists on your computer.
`
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`a phone book
`you are prompted for a search string to look up people
`information through the selected phone book. Since different
`institutions have different directory services,
`the queries are
`not performed in the same fashion.
`
`an index-search
`you are prompted for a search string which may be one or more
`words, plus the special operators and, or, and not. The search
`is case-insensitive. Usually, an index is created to help users
`locate the information in a set of documents quickly. E.g.:
`
`terminal and setting or tset
`
`will find all documents which contain both the words terminal
`
`and setting, or the word tset. or is nonexclusive so the
`documents may contain all of the words.
`
`The result of the index-search looks like any Gopher menu, but
`each menu item is a file that contains the specified search
`string.
`
`a Telnet session
`Telnet sessions are normally text-based information services,
`for example, access to library catalogs.
`
`2.5. VERONICA
`
`Veronica was designed as a solution to the problem of resource
`discovery in the rapidly-expanding Gopher web, providing a keyword
`search of more than 500 Gopher menus. Veronica helps you find
`Gopher-based information without doing a menu-by-menu, site-by-site
`search. It is to the Gopher information space, what archie is to the
`FTP archives.
`
`Veronica is accessible from most top-level Gopher menus or from the
`Other Gopher servers... branch. There is no need for opening another
`connection or another application.
`
`When you choose a veronica search , you will be prompted to enter a
`keyword or keywords. The simplest way to search with veronica is to
`enter a single word and hit the RETURN key. It does not matter
`whether the word is upper-case or lower-case. The veronica server
`will return a gopher menu composed of items whose titles match your
`keyword specification.
`Items can be accessed as with any Gopher menu.
`Bh:
`
`eudora
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`RFC 1580
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`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`will give you a list of menu titles that contain eudora,
`
`such as:
`
`Electronic Mail: Eudora on Macintosh, Micro-08
`Modem Setting Eudora Slip.
`A UNIX-based Eudora reader for those that
`
`Eudora:
`Eudora.
`
`Popmail for the Macintosh.
`
`ete.
`
`The search string may contain keywords optionally separated by and,
`or and not. If there is no operator between 2 keywords, and is
`assumed. E.g.:
`
`eudora and macintosh
`
`will give you a list of menu titles that contain both eudora and
`macintosh, such as:
`
`Popmail for the Macintosh.
`Eudora:
`v4.1 EUDORA: E-MAIL FOR THE MACINTOSH.
`Micro News: Eudora - A Mailer for the Macintosh.
`Eudora: Electronic Mail on Your Macintosh.
`ACS News
`- Eudora Mail Reader for Macintosh.
`
`etc.
`
`"*" is the wildcard character. It can replace any other character or
`characters at the end of a keyword. E.g.:
`
`desk*
`
`will give you a list of menu titles, such as:
`
`The Help Desk.
`Keene State College Press Release COMPUTER ON EVERY DESK.
`DESKQview/X... An alternative to Windows???.
`Ethernet at Your Desktop/
`
`etc.
`
`2.6. Learning more about Gopher
`
`The Internet Gopher is developed by the Computer and Information
`Services Department of the University of Minnesota. Bug reports,
`comments, suggestions, etc. should be mailed to the Gopher
`development
`team at: gopher@boombox.micro.umn.edu.
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`Mailing list: gopher-news@boombox.micro.umn.edu
`To subscribe send a mail to:
`gopher-news-request @boombox.micro.umn.edu
`
`Usenet newsgroup: comp.infosystems.gopher
`
`A comprehensive description of veronica search methods is available
`from the veronica menus.
`
`Veronica is being developed by Steve Foster and Fred Barrie at the
`University of Nevada. Bug reports, comments, suggestions, etc. should
`be addressed to: gophadm@futique.scs.unr.edu
`
`3. WORLD-WIDE WEB
`
`3.1. What is World-Wide Web
`
`is an information system based
`World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3)
`on hypertext, which offers a means of moving from document to
`document
`(usually called to navigate) within a network of
`information.
`
`Hypertext documents are linked to each other through a selected set
`of words. For example, when a new word, or a new concept,
`is
`introduced in a text, hypertext makes it possible to point to another
`document which gives more details about it. The reader can open the
`second document by selecting the unknown word or concept and the
`relevant section is displayed. The second document may also contain
`links to further details. The reader need not know where the
`referenced document is, and there is no need to type a command to
`display it, or to browse it to find the right paragraph.
`Cross-references may be defined in the same document. A collection of
`documents is a database.
`
`instead of
`If you were reading this document on a hypertext system,
`this all too short explanation about hypertext, you would have a
`selectable pointer to a complete hypertext information web with
`examples and more pointers to other definitions.
`
`For instance,
`
`in the first document you might read:
`
`is a wide-area "hypermedia"
`The WorldWideWeb (W3)
`retrieval initiative aiming
`to give universal access
`universe of documents.
`
`information
`to a large
`
`EARN Staff
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`[Page 12]
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`

`

`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`Selecting hypermedia will display the following explanation for you:
`
`Hypertext is text which is not constrained to be linear.
`
`WHAT IS HYPERTEXT
`
`Hypertext is text which contains "links" to other texts. The term
`was coined by "Ted Nelson" around 1965 (see "History").
`
`for hypertext which is not constrained
`HyperMedia is a term used
`to be text:
`it can
`include graphics, video and "sound",
`for
`example. Apparently Ted Nelson was the first to use this term too.
`
`the links in
`Indeed,
`Then you can learn more about links and Nelson.
`WWW are not confined to text only, so the term hypermedia is more
`accurate.
`For example,
`the link to Nelson might point to a file
`containing a picture of Ted Nelson. The picture would be displayed on
`your screen if you have a suitable configuration.
`
`
`
`in the WWW information space can be
`Also, special documents (indexes)
`search for given keyword(s). The result is a document which contains
`links to the documents found.
`
`the linked documents
`World-Wide Web uses hypertext over the network:
`may be located at various sites. WWW can handle different text
`formats and various information organizations. WWW also provides
`access to many of the other tools described in this guide.
`
`3.2. Who can use World-Wide Web
`
`WWW uses the client-server model to provide access to the information
`universe. You must be on the international TCP/IP network (the
`Internet)
`in order to use a client on your computer to access WWW. If
`you are on the Internet, but don’t have a WWW client on your
`computer, you can still enter the World-Wide Web. Several sites offer
`public interactive access to WWW clients (see the Remote clients
`section under How to get to World-Wide Web below).
`
`If you have e-mail access only, or if you are not on the Internet
`then you can not fully exploit the vast potential of WWW. However, a
`mail-robot is available at the address:
`listserv@info.cern.ch which
`gives e-mail access to WWW-accessible listserv@info.cern.ch files.
`(see E-mail access section under How to get to World-Wide Web below).
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`3.3. How to get to World-Wide Web
`
`Users access the World-Wide Web facilities via a client called a
`browser. This interface provides transparent access to the WWW
`servers.
`If a local WWW client is not available on your computer,
`you may use a client at a remote site. Thus, an easy way to start
`with WWW is to access a remote client.
`
`3.3.1. Local clients
`
`Usage of a local client is encouraged since it provides better
`performance and better response time than a remote client.
`
`Public domain clients for accessing WWW servers are available for:
`Macintosh, MS-DOS, VMS, VM/CMS, MVS, NeXT, Unix, X-Windows. The
`clients are available for anonymous FTP from info.cern.ch in the
`directory /pub/www. All these platforms support a simple line mode
`browser.
`In addition, graphical clients are available for:
`Macintosh, Windows, X-Windows, NeXT and Unix. See the list of
`freely available client software in Appendix A.
`
`3.3.2. Remote clients
`
`telnet to the client site. If you
`To access a remote WWW client,
`are new to WWW, you should telnet to info.cern.ch. No login is
`needed. You will
`immediately enter the WWW line mode browser. Some
`publicly accessible clients feature locally developed clients.
`Most remote clients are at sites with WWW servers with information
`on specific areas. After you telnet to the client site, at the
`login: prompt enter www, no password is needed. The following
`remote client sites are available:
`
`$o---------------------- +--+ - -- 5 -- 5-5== == === -- +
`
`|
`|
`Server Specialization|
`Country
`| Site
`|
`|
`$o----------------------- +--+ - -- 5-5-5= = == === -- +
`
`|
`Environment
`Israel
`vwms.huji-ac.il
`|
`Switzerland (CERN) High-energy physics |
`info.cern.ch
`|
`fatty.law.cornell.edu USA
`Law
`|
`|
`ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu
`USA
`History
`|
`|
`| www.njit.edu
`USA
`|
`$o-------------------- = -- -- = - +--+ -5= = = = -- +
`
`CERN is the entry point to find information about WWW itself and
`to have an overview of the Web with a catalogue of the databases
`sorted by subject.
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`3.3.2.1. E-mail access
`
`In order to get a file, send mail to listserv@info.cern.ch with
`a SEND command. The SEND command returns the document with the
`
`given WWW address, subject to certain restrictions. Hypertext
`documents are formatted to 72 character width, with links
`numbered. A separate list at the end of the file gives the
`document-addresses of the related documents.
`
`If the document is hypertext, its links will be marked by
`numbers in brackets, and a list of document addresses by number
`will be appended to the message.
`In this way, you can navigate
`through the web, more or less. A good file to start with would
`be:
`http://info.cern.ch. /hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview. html
`
`Note that, despite the name listserv in the address of this
`mail robot, it is not a LISTSERV server.
`
`A note of caution from the WWW developers and maintainers:
`
`"As the robot gives potential mail access to a *vast* amount of
`information, we must emphasise that the service should not be
`abused.
`Examples of appropriate use would be:
`
`* Accessing any information about W3 itself;
`* Accessing any CERN and/or physics-related or network
`development related information;
`
`Examples of INappropriate use would be:
`
`* Attempting to retrieve binaries or tar files or anything more
`than directory listings or short ASCII files from FTP archive
`sites;
`* Reading Usenet newsgroups which your site doesn’t receive;
`* Repeated automatic use.
`
`There is currently a 1000 line limit on any returned file. We
`don’t want to overload other people’s mail relays or our
`server. We reserve the right to withdraw the service at any
`time. We are currently monitoring all use of the server, so
`your reading will not initially enjoy privacy.
`
`Enjoy!"
`
`The W3
`
`team at CERN (www-bug@info.cern.ch)
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`3.4. Using World-Wide Web
`
`When using a graphical interface, you access the WWW functions by
`pressing mouse buttons.
`In particular, references are highlighted or
`underlined words. To follow a link, click on the associated
`reference.
`
`The line mode browser is a more simple user interface: references are
`numbers in square brackets next to words. Type the number and hit the
`RETURN key to follow a reference. For example, here is the beginning
`of the Subject Catalogue you get on the CERN server:
`
`The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue
`WWW VIRTUAL LIBRARY
`
`by service
`See also arrangement
`the subject catalogue.
`This is
`type[1]. Mail www-request@info.cern.ch to add pointers
`to this
`list.
`
`Aeronautics
`
`Mailing list archive index[2]. See also NASA LaRC [3]
`
`Agriculture[4]
`
`Separate list, see also Almanac mail servers[5].
`
`Astronomy and Astrophysics
`Abstract Indexes[6] at NASA, Astrophysics work at
`FNAL[7],
`Princeton's [8]
`Sloane Digital
`Sky
`Survey,
`the
`STELAR
`project,
`Space Telescope
`Electronic Information System[9],
`the Southampton
`University Astronomy Group[10],
`the National
`Solar Observatory[11], Astrophysics work at the
`AHPCRC[12]. See also: space[13].
`
`Bio Sciences[14] Separate list.
`
`Computing [15]
`
`Separate list.
`
`1-81, Back, <RETURN> for more, Quit, or Help:
`
`The following commands are available within WWW. Some are disabled
`when not applicable (e.g., Find is enabled only when the current
`document is an index). Angle brackets (<>)
`indicate an optional
`parameter.
`
`EARN Staff
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`RFC 1580
`
`Guide to Network Resource Tools
`
`March 1994
`
`Help
`gives a list of available commands depending on the context, and
`the hypertext address of the current document.
`
`Man