`Paper Filed: September 12, 2013
`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`SCHRADER—BRIDGEPORT INTERNATIONAL, INC; and
`SCHRADER ELECTRONICS, INC.
`Petitioner
`
`V.
`
`CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS US, INC.
`Patent Owner
`
`Case IPR2013-00014
`
`Patent No. 6,998,973
`
`PETITIONER’S REPLY TO RESPONSE OF PATENT OWNER-
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................. ii
`
`I.
`
`11.
`
`INTRODUCTION.......... '............................................................................... 1
`
`Claims 1-5 and 7-11 of the ’973 patent are primafacie obvious in view of
`Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers ............................... 2
`
`III. Patent Owner presented arguments that misunderstand the teachings of
`the prior art and are irrelevant .................................................................... 5
`
`A. The focus on “critical data” is irrelevant to the primafacz'e case of
`obviousness ...................................................................................................... 6
`
`B. The combination of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers would reduce the
`occurrence of “non-critical”_ data clashing ...................................................... 7
`
`IV.
`
`Patent Owner misapplied the law of teaching away and analogous art 11
`
`A. Derbyshire does not teach away from the combination with Bowers ........... 11
`
`' B. Derbyshire and Bowers are analogous art due to Bailie ............................... 12
`
`C. Bailie expressly teaches benefits of imprecise components.......................... 14
`
`D. Claims 3 and 8 are obvious in View of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers ....... 14
`
`V.
`
`CONCLUSION ...............y............................................................................. 15
`
`
`
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases
`
`In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454 (CCPA 1955) ............' ...................................................... 1 5
`
`In re Piaseckz', 745 F.2d 1468 (Fed. Cir. 1984) ........................................... '. ............. 1
`
`In re Sullivan, 498 F.3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2007) ......................................................... 1
`
`Strata/lax, Inc. v. Aeroquip Corp, 713 F.2d 1530 (Fed. Cir. 1983) .......................... 1
`
`ii
`
`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`As set forth in the Petition for Inter Partes Review, claims 1—5 and: 7-11 of
`
`US 6,998,973 (“the ’973 patent”) are prima facie obvious in View of the combined
`
`teachings of _US 6,271,748 (“Derbyshire”), US 6,486,773 (“Bailie”), and US
`5,883,582 (“Bowers”).
`Paper
`1 at 23-24. Once the prima facie case of
`
`obviousness was established, the burden shifted to Patent Owner to rebut the prima
`facie case. See In re Piasecki, 745 F.2d 1468, 1472 (Fed. Cir. 1984)(“After a
`primafacz'e case of obviousness has been established, the bUrden of going forward
`
`shifts to the applicant”), and In re Sullivan, 498 F.3d 1345, 1351 (Fed. Cir.
`
`2007)(“[W]hen a prima facie case is made, the burden shifts to the applicant to
`
`come forward with evidence and/or argument supporting patentability.” Citation
`
`omitted.)
`
`V Notable in Patent Owner’s response to the decision by the Patent Trial and
`
`Appeal Board (“Board”) instituting this inter partes review (“the Decision”) was
`
`the total lack of evidence of any Objective indicia of non—obviousness, also referred
`
`to as secondary considerations. As the courts have held, “evidence of secondary
`
`considerations may often be the most probative and cOgent evidence in the
`
`record.” Strata/16x, Inc. v. Aeroquz‘p Corp, 713 F.2d 1530, 1538 (Fed. Cir. 1983).
`
`In this case, h0wever, Patent Owner failed to point to any evidence showing
`
`
`
`commercial success, long—felt but unresolved need, failure of others, copying, or
`
`other objective indicia of non-obviousness.
`
`Without the need to balance any evidence of secondary c0nsiderations, the
`
`issue remaining in this case is simple and straight-forward: under a preponderance
`
`of evidence standard, is there a primafacz'e case of obviousness for claims 1-5 and
`
`7=ll of the ’973 patent in view of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers? The answer is
`
`a resounding yes.
`
`As discussed in more detail below, Patent Owner’s assertions that there is no
`
`prima facie case of obviousness are unavailing. Patent Owner’s arguments are
`
`based on misunderstandings of the prior art and the law. I
`
`II.
`
`Claims 1-5 and 7—11 of the ’973 patent are primafacie obvious in View of
`Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers
`
`Independent claim 1 of the ’973 patent recites:
`
`1. A data transmission method for a tire-pressure monitoring
`system (10) of a vehicle, said data being transmitted by wheel units
`(12) to a central computer (13) located in the vehicle, said method
`comprising:
`a data transmission phase in parking mode, over a first period;
`
`and
`
`a data transmission phase in running mode, over a second
`period shorter than the first period; said method being characterized in
`that:
`
`a natural time lag between various internal clocks with which
`each wheel unit (12) is equipped is used to prevent collisions between
`transmissions from the various wheel units of one and the same
`
`vehicle.
`
`
`
`’973 patent, Exhibit 1001 at col. 4, 11. 7-19. Each and every element recited in
`
`claim 1 is taught by the combined teachings of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers.
`
`I
`
`First, Derbyshire teaches the basic components of a tire pressure monitoring
`
`system with the claimed “parking mode” and “running mode” “data transmission
`
`phase[s]” as well as the preamble of claim 1. See, e.g., Derbyshire, Exhibit 1003
`
`at FIGS. 6(1) and 6(II) and col. 7, ll. 40=56. Bailie similarly teaches a tire pressure
`
`monitoring system with the very same features of claim 1.1 See, e.g.,lBailie,
`
`Exhibit 1006, at col. 6, 11. 10-41.
`
`Indeed, there is no dispute that- the method of
`
`data transmission. in a tire pressure monitoring system as recited in the preamble
`
`and first two clauses of claim 1 are known in the art. Paper 12 at 5. The
`
`Background section of the ’973 patent even admits all this subject matter to be
`
`known in the prior art.
`
`’973 patent, Exhibit 1001 at col. 1, 11. 29-49 (discussing
`
`parking and running modes with longer and shorter transmission intervals,
`
`respectively).
`
`Indeed, claim 1 even uses a Jepson style “characterized in-that”
`
`clause before reciting the allegedly novel “natural time lag” feature.
`
`1 In this respect, even though Derbyshire is the base reference in the ground of
`
`invalidity as specified in the Decision, Bailie provides the exact same teaching as
`
`Derbyshire for a tire pressure monitoring system that operates in at least two
`
`distinct modes to transmit data.
`
`
`
`Second, Bailie recognizes the problem of clashing data from different. tire
`
`pressure sensors at the receiver in a tire pressure monitoring system. Bailie,
`
`Exhibit 1006 at col. 1,, 11. 28-29. For that reason, Bailie teaches the need for an
`
`anti—collision feature in a tire pressure monitoring system to prevent the clashing of
`
`data at a receiver.
`
`Id. at col. 1, 11. 48-51. Bailie discloses different. approaches to
`
`meeting this need, including one using imprecise components in the sensor that
`
`trigger the transmission periods (i.e., roll switches that have a natural spread of g-
`
`force triggering so that transmission clashing is reduced). Id. at col. 6, 11. 42—58.
`
`Third, Bowers teaches the use of imprecise RC clock circuits with large
`
`tolerances as
`
`timing circuits
`
`for
`
`systems having multiple radio frequency
`
`transmiSsions in order to avoid or minimize the likelihood of simultaneous
`
`transmissions. Bowers, Exhibit 1005 at col. 8, 11. 17-37.
`
`Thus, a person having ordinary skill in the art, having read Bailie as teaching
`
`the desirability of collision avoidance and the use of, imprecise components as a
`
`way of doing so, would have been led to modify the tire pressure monitoring
`
`system of the known type, as taught by Derbyshire and Bailie, with the imprecise
`
`RC clock circuits having large tolerances, as taught by Bowers, in order to avoid or
`
`minimize the problem of simultaneous transmissions in a tire pressure monitoring
`
`system. The law is clear that where the prior art both discloses the elements of a
`
`claimed invention and provides motivation to combine those elements, the claims
`
`
`
`are obvious and invalid, Accordingly, claim liof the ’973 patent is prima facie
`
`unpatentable as being obvious in view of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers.
`
`Dependent claims 2—5 and 7-lI of the ’973 patent recite additional limitations that
`
`are likewise disclosed by the combined teachings of Derbyshire, Bailie, and
`
`Bowers, and therefore are likewise obvious and invalid. See Paper 1 at 23-24.
`
`This Board acknowledged Schrader’s position and instituted this inter‘partes
`
`review on that ground:
`
`“[I]t is apparent that Schrader relies on Derbyshire as disclosing the
`majority of the features required by claims 1-5 and 7-11, coupled with
`Bailie’s recognition in the art that reducing data collisions is a desired
`outcome, and further coupled with Bowers’ teachings as to particular
`involved clock precision levels which accomplish the desired data
`collision avoidance.
`'
`‘
`
`After a thorough review of the record, and foregoing reasons, we
`conclude that Schrader has demonstrated a reasonable likelihood of
`prevailing in its obviousness ground of unpatentability of claims 1—5
`and 7—11 based on the combined teachings of Derbyshire, Bailie, and
`Bowers.”
`
`Paper 12 at 16-17 and 19.
`
`III. Patent Owner presented arguments that misunderstand the teachings of
`the prior art and are irrelevant
`
`The crux of Patent Owner’s argument that a primafacz‘e case. of obviousness
`
`has not been established centered on what Patent Owner characterized as
`
`Derbyshire’s alleged treatment of “critical” and “non-critical” data. Paper 19 at 6-
`
`7.
`
`Indeed, Patent Owner devoted over 21 pages in the response to arguments
`
`
`
`focused on this distinction between “critical” and. “non-critical” data.
`
`This
`
`distinction in data type, however, is an artificial distinction that is irrelevant to the
`
`obviousness analysis.
`
`The claim language itself makes no such distinction
`
`between types of data being transmitted and merely refers to transmissions of data
`
`in general — not any particular type.
`
`A.
`
`The focus on “critical data” is irrelevant to the primafacie case of
`obviousness
`
`Patent Owner argued that “Derbyshire goes to great lengths to ensure that
`
`data, and particularly ‘critical data’ (i.e., data related to a change in tire pressure
`
`and/or temperature indicating a problematic tire) is received by a receiver unit.”
`Paper 19 at 8. According to Patth Owner, Derbyshire ensures that “critical data”
`
`would be received in the Derbyshire system because such data are transmitted
`
`three times.
`
`Id. at 9. This argument misses the mark and has no bearing on the
`
`obviousness of the claims at issue.
`
`i
`
`As recognized by Patent Owner, 'the occurrence of an event that would cause
`
`the transmission of “critical” data “is a purely random event based upon abnormal
`
`conditions sensed by the TPM.” Id. at 16.
`
`In other words, Patent Owner defines
`
`the so-called “critical” data as data sent during a rapid or dramatic drop in tire
`
`pressure. There is no dispute that data clashing, as taught by Bailie, would likely
`
`not be an issue in such conditions. The chances of multiple tires having a drastic
`
`
`
`failure causing rapid pressure loss, such as multiple simultaneous blown tires,
`
`would be minimal.
`
`Rather, this category of drastic failure is simply a third mode of operation in
`
`addition to the “parking mode” and “running mode” as disclosed by Derbyshire
`
`and recited in claim 1.
`
`Indeed, other tire pressure monitoring systems, including
`
`the one taught in Bailie, recognized that drastic failures can occur.
`
`'See Bailie,
`
`Exhibit 1006, col. 2, ll. 41-44 (“The receiving unit 14 receives RF signals form the
`
`transmitters 12 and provides a warning to the operator of the vehicle V when the
`
`indicated tire pressure of any of the tires is outside a predetermined range”)
`
`Accordingly, Patent Owner’s assertion that Derbyshire’s treatment of
`
`“critical” data means that there would be no enhancement in Derbyshire’s system
`
`from the use of Bowers’ timer circuit is without merit. This alleged “critical data” ‘
`
`is data transmitted during serious pressure loss conditions, and has nothing to do
`
`with the periodic types of transmissions where clashing is likely to occur.
`
`B.
`
`The combination of Derbyshire, Bailie, and Bowers would reduce
`the occurrence of “non-critical” data clashing
`
`Patent Owner then argued that “lnlon-critical data will also be received in
`
`Derbyshire and there would be no enhancement from use of the Bowers timer
`
`circuit.” Paper 19 at 19, emphasis in original. “Non-critical data” was defined by
`
`Patent Owner as “periodic and mundane transmissions of update or communication
`
`maintenance”.
`
`Id.
`
`at 8. What was defined as “periodic and mundane
`
`
`
`transmissions” are simply the type of data that any tire pressure monitoring system,
`
`such as the ones disclosed in Derbyshire and Bailie, are intended to monitor on a
`
`routine basis.
`
`It is this type of “periodic and mundane transmissions” that Bailie
`
`recognized would be at risk of clashing.
`
`Indeed, the Derbyshire devices have the
`
`exact same time intervals between the periodic transmissions of such data that
`
`'
`
`create the risk of collision with which Bailie is concerned.
`
`Patent Owner’s assertions with respect to the “non—critical” data miss the
`
`mark on two accounts. First, Patent Owner contended that the timer circuit of
`
`Bowers would not improve Derbyshire’s performance because “[e]ach wheel unit
`
`in Derbyshire will inevitably have a different absolute start time for its two-second
`
`timer circuit 26 as compared to the start times for the timer circuits in other wheel
`
`units.” Id. at 19. Patent Owner then goes to great lengths to explain how “each
`
`wheel unit’s transmissions will be non—aligned with the transmissions of other
`
`wheel units because of the randomness of when the timer circuit 26 in each wheel
`
`unit is activated (i.e., powered up).” Id. at 24. This assertion is yet another red
`
`herring argument.
`The purpose of the timer 26 in Derbyshire, which could be a two second
`
`timer, is to output a wake—up signal to the microprocessor. Derbyshire, Exhibit
`1003 at col. 7, 11. 62-65. The wake—up timer 26 does not control the timing of the
`
`transmission of data as asserted by Patent Owner. Rather, transmission of data is
`
`
`
`based off an internal clock that allows Derbyshire’s system to transmit data every
`
`60 minutes while in a “parking mode” or every 10 minutes while in a “running
`
`mode.” Id. at Figure 6(1) and (II), Reference Nos. 60 and 75. Derbyshire discloses
`
`such an internal system clock, separate from the timer,
`in the tire monitoring
`system. Id. at Figure 2 (“System Clock. 300 kHz”). The use of a reference clock to
`
`control the timing of the data transmissions was also disclosed by Bailie. Bailie,
`
`Exhibit 1006 at col. 5, 11'. 46-48. The internal clock must be timing the intervals
`
`between such events at all times, even when the processor is in sleep mode before
`being woken up by timer 26. This is evidenced, for example, by the fact that the
`
`first thing the processor does after receiving the wake—up signal is to check if the
`
`centrifugal detector has signaled vehicle motion in the last twenty minutes, and if
`
`so checking to see if a measurement has been taken in the last five minutes. Id. at
`
`col. 7,
`
`l. 60 — col. 9,
`
`l. 13. Similar queries are then made for the most recent
`
`transmission depending on the mode (parking or running).
`Id. Contrary to Patent
`Owner’s assertion, it is of no consequence what the absolute start time is for each
`individual two-second timer 26 since the timers have no part in the timing of the
`
`data transmission and merely trigger the processor to wake-up and query whether
`
`
`
`certain events have happened,
`
`including whether certain time intervals have
`
`elapsed since the last time it was woken up. 2
`
`Second, Patent Owner argued that “[r]eplacing Derbyshire’s two-second
`
`'timer 26 with Bowers’ timer may actually serve to increase collisions for non—
`
`critical data.
`
`9’
`
`Paper 19 at 19. Patent Owner then provided a diagram showing
`
`how the data would occasionally collide. As explained above,
`
`the timer in
`
`Derbyshire does not control the timing of data transmission. Another flaw in this
`
`assertion is that Patent Owner mistakenly equates the imprecise tolerance as taught
`
`by Bowers with variable timing. As clearly taught by Bowers, “[e]ach tag is
`
`constructed such that electrical components within each tag include predetermined
`
`manufacturing tolerances, such that although the length of the non-transmission
`
`interval is fixed for each tag, the non—transmission interval varies between tags at
`
`2 Patent Owner’s argument also seems to imply that the time intervals used would
`
`be measured from the time the battery is installed in a given sensor. Paper 19 at
`
`19—23. That makes no sense, as then the time measurement periods in
`
`Derbyshire would be stated in accumulated periods of time, rather than in
`
`intervals like 10 minutes or 60 minutes. Clearly, Derbyshire’s reference to these
`
`time intervals means those intervals are being used and clocked, not some
`
`accumulated amount of time since the battery was installed.
`
`10
`
`
`
`least within the. prescribed tolerances.” Bowers, Exhibit 1005 at col. 4, 11. 7-12.
`
`Accordingly, there is no support for Patent Owner’s argument that Bowers’ timers
`
`are “variable timers” that could “actually increase the odds of non-critical data
`
`collisions (with other non-critical data).” Paper 19 at 25.
`
`Regardless, the Patent Owner’s focus on alleged deficiencies in Derbyshire
`
`studiously avOids the fact that Bailie teaches the same claim limitations anyways,
`
`along with the recognition of the collision issue and the desirability of using
`
`imprecise components to reduce such collisions. That is, even though what the
`
`Patent Owner has argued about Derbyshire is both technically and legally
`
`incorrect, it is of no moment because the Patent Owner fails to rebut the same
`
`teachings that are found in Bailie.
`
`IV.
`
`Patent Owner misapplied the law of teaching away and analogous art
`
`Having attempted to argue against the prima facie case of obviousness with
`
`misunderstandings of the prior art, Patent Owner then proposed other arguments
`
`that are based on misapplicatiOns of the law.
`
`A.
`
`Derbyshire does not teach away from the combination with
`Bowers
`
`Patent Owner alleged that “in order to achieve higher reliability rates,
`
`Derbyshire teaches that only ‘close tolerance components’ should be used, even if
`
`such components are more expenSive.” Paper 19 at 29. Thus, according to Patent
`
`11
`
`
`
`Owner, Derbyshire taught away from the high tolerance components taught by
`
`Bowers. Id. at 29. This is incorrect.
`
`I
`
`Derbyshire does not teach that only “close tolerance components” should be
`
`used. Rather, Derbyshire states that “[i]n some applications it is necessary that the
`
`data be acquired with high reliability,” in which case, expensive, close tolerance
`
`components may be used. Exhibit 1003 at col. 19, 11. 22-23. This hardly serves as
`
`a teaching away from the wider tolerance components taught byBowers.
`
`In fact,
`
`the cited passage of Derbyshire also recognized the costs of such components as
`
`being an issue.
`
`So, Derbyshire cannot be characterized as suggesting close
`
`tolerance components should be used to the exclusion of other options.
`
`Moreover, even if Derbyshire were read as alleged by the Patent Owner,
`
`I Bailie itself teaches all the limitations 'of the claims except the use of imprecise
`
`clocks with lag, just like Derbyshire. And Bailie further includes the recognition
`of transmission colliSion issues and the use of imprecise components to reduce
`
`those issues. So, focusing on alleged “close tolerance components” in Derbyshire
`
`does nothing to rebut the prima facie case and misdirects the analysis because it
`
`fails to address the teachings in Bailie.
`
`B.
`
`Derbyshire and Bowers are analogous art due to Bailie
`
`Patent Owner again attempted to argue against combining Derbyshire and
`
`B0wers because they are allegedly from “non-analogous” art fields. This was the
`
`12
`
`
`
`same argument presented in Patent Owner’s preliminary response (Paper 11 at 32-.
`
`37), which the Board dismissed‘in the Decision (Paper 12 at 17—18).
`
`. As made clear in the Decision, “[a] reference is analogous art if it is either;
`
`(1) in the field of the inventor’s endeavor, 0r (2) is reasonably pertinent to the
`particular problem with which the inventor was concerned.” Paper 12 at 17,
`
`emphasis in original, citation omitted. As discussed above, Bowers teaches the use
`
`of RC clock circuits with large tolerances in a system having multiple radio
`
`frequency transmissions
`
`in order
`
`to avoid or minimize the likelihood of
`
`simultaneous transmissions. This is the exact problem that Bailie recognized
`
`would be present in a tire pressure monitoring system. Moreover, Bailie teaches
`
`the benefit of using imprecise components in its system to reduce transmission
`
`collisions, and this suggests consultation of a reference like Bowers that uses
`
`imprecise components for the exact same reason. That is, while normally RFID
`
`transmitters may not necessarily be analogous art to tire pressure sensors for all
`purposes, here the teachings of Bailie suggest a collision problem and the use of
`
`imprecise components to resolve it, which leads one to consult usage of thersame
`
`type of approach in Bowers.
`
`Patent Owner provided no new arguments that Bowers is in a non-analogous
`
`art field as Derbyshire. Accordingly, Patent Owner’s argument on this point
`
`should be dismissed.
`
`13
`
`
`
`'C.
`
`Bailie expressly teaches benefits of imprecise components
`
`Patent Owner’s argument that “Bailie demands a vetted approach while the
`
`Bowers approach must practically be u'nvetted” in essence is saying that Bailie
`
`teaches away from the Bowers’ approach. Paper 19 at 33.
`
`,
`
`Contrary to Patent Owner’s assertion, Bailie teaches the benefits of using
`
`imprecise components in the tire pressure sensors to help avoid transmission ,
`
`collisions. Bailie expressly taught that the roll switches used to trigger the start of
`
`the driving mode and the parking mode should have a natural spread in order to
`
`decrease “the likelihood of clashing or word collision at the receiver.” Bailie,
`
`Exhibit 1006, col. 6,
`
`11. 42—58. Thus, Bailie describes a means of naturally
`
`avoiding, clashing or transmission overlap by taking advantage of the natural
`
`imprecision in the roll switches of the various sensor wheel units. The fact that
`
`one embodiment of Bailie patent is devoted to a more precise, vetted approach
`
`built into the sensor processor does not negate the fact that it teaches the imprecise
`
`r011 switches as having the same benefit as well.
`
`D.
`
`Claims 3 and 8 are obvious in View of Derbyshire, Bailie, and
`Bowers
`
`Patent Owner again mischaracterized the teaching of Bowers to allege that
`
`“Bowers demands wider tolerance values than 20%, not less.” Paper 19 at 37,
`
`emphasis in original. Nowhere does Bowers “demand” tolerance values greater
`
`than 20%. Rather, Bowers taught
`
`that components having a predetermined
`
`l4
`
`
`
`
`tolerance level, “such as a +/—20% tolerance”, would decrease the chance of data
`
`clashing. Bowers, Exhibit 1005 at col. 8, 11. 19-28 (underlining added).
`
`Further, claims ‘3 and 8 recite. an arbitrary number for the amount of
`
`imprecision of the RC—type oscillator (i.e. “about +/- 15%”). Where the general
`
`conditions of a claim are disclosed in the prior art, discovering the “optimum
`. range” involves only routine skill in the art. In re Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456 (CCPA
`
`1955). Moreover, Patent Owner has offered no evidence to rebut the prima facie
`
`case, such as evidence that the particular 15% value achieves unexpected results.
`
`Accordingly, claims 3 and 8 are likewise obvious.
`
`V.
`
`CONCLUSION
`
`For the foregoing reasons, the Petitioner respectfully requests that claims 1-5
`
`and 7—11 ofthe ’973 patent be canceled.
`
`V
`
`'
`
`_ Respectfully submitted,
`
`PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW
`
`TTMAN L
`
` Dated: September 12, 2013
`
` Reg.N 43,560
`Tel. No. 703.770.7538
`
`FaXNo. 703.770.7901
`
`PO. Box 10500
`
`McLean, VA 22102
`(703) 770-7900
`
`15
`
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`
`I hereby certify that a true copy ofthe PETITIONER’S REPLY TO
`
`RESPONSE OF PATENT OWNER was served in their entirety by EXPRESS
`
`MAIL® this 13th day of September, 2013 on the attorney of record of Continental
`
`Automotive Systems US, Inc., owner of the subject patent, as indicated below:
`
`Timothy R. Baumann
`Steven G. Parmelee
`
`Fitch Even Tabin & Flannery, LLP
`120 South LaSalle Street
`
`Suite 1600
`
`Chicago, Illinois 60603
`
`A courtesy copy of the same was also emailed to tbaumanngQfitchevencom
`
`and sgparmgagfitchevencom, as requested by the patent owner.
`
`Dated: September 12, 2013
`
`Fax No. 703.770.7901
`
`13.0. Box 10500
`
`.
`
`McLean, VA 22102
`(703) 770—7900
`
`