United States Patent [191
`Bay, Jr.
`
`US005347452A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,347,452
`Sep. 13, 1994
`
`[54] METHOD FOR PROVIDING A VISUAL
`DISPLAY OF CURRENT TRADING VOLUME
`AND CUMULATIVE AVERAGE TRADING
`VOLUME FOR PRESELECI'ED TIlVIE
`INTERVALS
`[76] Inventor: William P. Bay, Jr., 46 S. Saint
`Andrews Dr., Ormond Beach, Fla.
`32174
`[21] Appl. No.: 729,041
`[22] Filed:
`Jul. 12, 1991
`
`[56]
`
`[51] Int. Cl.5 ............................................ .. G06F 15/24
`[52] US. Cl. .............................. .. 364/408; 340/825.26
`[58] Field of Search ...................... .. 395/140; 364/408;
`340/825.26, 825.27
`References Cited
`PUBLICATIONS
`Lewis, Brian K. “Investor’s Advantage 1.02”, Com
`puter Shopper vol. 9, No. 2 p. 153/2, Feb. 1989, Ab
`stract from Microsearch ?le of Orbit ANz89-O53115.
`Diascro, Stephen C. “Stock Trading System-Comp.
`Adv. for Serious Investor” PCM, vol. 6, No. 2, p.
`140/1, Aug. 1988, Microsearch ?le of Orbit AN:
`88-050477.
`Colby, Robert W. “Trendline II”, PC Magazine, vol. 5,
`
`154/2 Apr. 15, 1986, Abs. from Microsearch
`No. 7,
`?le of Orbit AN:86—033803.
`Primary Examiner-Gail O. Hayes
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—.lames H. Beusse
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`A method for displaying market trading volume in se
`lected commodities for developing a priori knowledge
`of price trends from abnormal trading volume com
`prises a graph including a ?rst set of sequential markers.
`Each ?rst marker corresponds to a preselected time
`interval and has an amplitude representing average
`volume of trades of a predetermined item during a pre
`selected time interval taken over a predetermined num
`ber of the preselected time intervals. The method fur
`ther comprises generating a set of second markers sub
`stantially concurrently in time with the corresponding
`?rst markers and which are positioned on the graph in
`proximity to the corresponding ?rst markers. Each
`second marker has an amplitude representing the vol
`ume of ‘trades in the preselected item during the most
`recent preselected time intervals with the difference in
`amplitude indicative of trade volume deviation from
`average trade volume.
`
`6 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
`
`98-00
`
`TBONDS JUNl
`
`Ill“ ....
`
`96-00-...
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. ll‘; {ll
`
`93_QQ_....-............
`
`92-OO-. - -28
`
`FMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWTFMTWT
`
`0001
`
`IBG 1042
`CBM of U.S. Patent No. 7,412,416 B2
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 1994
`
`Sheet 1 of 4
`
`5,347,452
`
`
`
`J5 . .ww.
`
`
`
`2:.» mQZOmE.
`
`21mm
`
`0002
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 1994
`
`Sheet 2 0f 4
`
`5,347,452
`
`2°
`
`24
`
`l6
`
`I8 22
`
`DETERMINE SPACING, an
`32 "T
`a OTHER PARAMS
`
`Z
`FIG. M
`
`34\ CALCULATE VALUES To
`PLOT (E. 6., MOVE AvEI
`
`36'“
`
`v
`DRAW LINE 0R
`BAR CHART
`
`38R DRAW VOLUME X-AXIS
`Y-AXIS, TITLE
`
`gg
`
`ExIT
`
`CALC.# 0F BARS To FIT SCREEN; jo
`SCALE FACTOR FOR VOL;
`STARTING REc. #.
`
`3
`F/G.
`_ _
`
`44
`/
`1/
`DETERMINE CANDLE WIDTH, COLOR,
`FREQUENCYBO MIN, 60 MIN. DAILY)
`% COMPLETED
`
`LOOP THRU EARLY RECORD a 2 TOTAL
`VOL. EACH 30/60/DAILY PERIOD a 2
`TOTAL # OF SUCH PERIODS
`4s /
`
`LOOP THRU 30/60/DAILY ARRAY 8
`CALC. AVE VOL.= TOTAL VOL-1' TOTAL #
`FOR EACH (IF ANY)
`
`ExIT
`
`'
`
`48
`
`0003
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 1994
`
`Sheet 3 of 4
`
`5,347,452
`
`
`
`231 mQZOmP
`
`m s1
`
`001mm
`
`OO lhm
`
`00 lwm
`
`001mm
`
`OOImQ
`
`OOINm
`
`0004
`
`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Sep. 13, 1994
`
`Sheet 4 of 4
`
`5,347,452
`
`ANY
`VOLUME
`?
`
`YES
`
`56
`
`INCREMENT
`RECORD
`
`MORE
`RECORDS
`.?
`NO
`
`K60
`DRAW VERTICAL
`DASHED LINE, TOP
`TO BOTTOM
`
`SET LOCATION
`DRAW VOLUME HISTOGRAM
`LINE
`
`"-52
`
`DO
`CANDLE VOL
`?
`'
`
`54
`
`58
`
`NEW
`SET OF 30/ 60/
`DAILY BARS
`
`K62
`
`USE WIDTH 8| COLOR 8 AVE.VOL.
`DRAW CANDLE [OPEN RECTANGLE]
`CENTERED ON VOL.
`
`NO
`
`LAST
`RECORD
`?
`
`YES
`
`MULTIPLY VOL. BY RECIPROCAL OF %
`COMPLETED. DRAW LINE AT RIGHT OF
`CANDLE. DISPLAY MULTIPLIER
`
`EXIT
`
`5/5.
`
`5
`
`0005
`
`

`
`1
`
`5,347,452
`
`2
`week. During intermediate time intervals, volume tends
`to be lower. Thus, a rise in volume at the end of a day
`may be a normal event and not indicative of any im
`pending market change in the item. In order to utilize
`the current volume information, Applicant has devel
`oped a histogram of volume information for each of a
`plurality of selected time intervals. The histogram is
`displayed on a monitor of a computer system so that
`current trade volume can be juxtaposed with historical
`trade volume as trades occur. The computer system is
`coupled via modem to an exchange which provides
`pricing data as each trade occurs. Preferably, pricing
`information is displayed simultaneously with volume
`information so that an accurate assessment of market
`direction can be made. The system also extrapolates to
`a predicted volume in a time interval for each traded
`item based upon the number of trades occurring during
`the early portions of the time interval.
`The display is preferably arranged so that historical
`volume for each time interval appears as an open rect
`angle aligned in the corresponding time interval and
`whose height corresponds to average trade volume for
`the period selected. Current volume is overlaid in or on
`the open rectangle as a vertical line having a height
`proportional to volume. The price data may be dis
`played on a separated line above but correlated with the
`volume data. Since the height of the line is easily com
`pared to the height of the rectangle, the user can
`quickly ascertain if volume is above or below average
`and thus determine whether the price is likely to change
`or whether a price change is indicative of a market
`direction. Separate graphs for each traded item can be
`rapidly viewed using the computer system.
`In addition to the display of current volume and his
`torical volume for a preselected time interval, Appli
`cant also provides a projected volume for the prese
`lected time interval represented as a vertical line adja
`cent the current preselected time interval representa
`tion. Summation data for a day, week, or month, de
`pending on the type of time chart being used, may also
`be displayed. For a chart which uses preselected time
`intervals of thirty minutes, the summation data may
`include an indicia of the previous day’s total volume,
`historical data for the current day averaged over multi
`ple time periods, an indicia of volume of trades totaled
`for the present day to the present time and a projection
`of the total volume at close of trade for that particular
`day.
`
`METHOD FOR PROVIDING A VISUAL DISPLAY
`OF CURRENT TRADING VOLUME AND
`CUMULATIVE AVERAGE TRADING VOLUME
`FOR PRESELECI‘ED THVIE INTERVALS
`
`5
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates to stock, bond, and
`commodity trading and, more particularly, to a method
`for providing a visual display of current trading volume
`and cumulative average trading volume for preselected
`time intervals in conjunction with trading price for each
`of a plurality of stocks, bonds, and commodities.
`In general, traders of stocks, bonds, and commodities
`have relied on price as the primary guide to decisions
`about when to buy and sell. It has been recognized that
`volume in association with price is an indicator of
`whether a price is likely to increase or decrease. Unfor
`tunately, volume information is not usually available
`from the various bond and commodity exchanges until
`at least after the exchange closes on any particular day.
`Increasing volatility of the bonds and commodities mar
`kets results in sometimes substantial price movements
`before volume information is available. Further, current
`volume information along with price information is not
`an accurate indicator of market direction. Thus, it
`would be advantageous to provide a method for devel
`oping volume information for bonds and commodities
`during current time intervals. It would also be advanta
`geous to provide a method for correlating volume infor
`mation with historical data for identifying abnormal
`variations in volume for bonds, commodities, and
`stocks.
`
`20
`
`25
`
`35
`
`45
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`Among the several objects and features of the present
`invention is the provision of a system and method for
`overcoming the above and other disadvantages of the
`prior art; the provision of a system and method which
`extrapolates trade volume from reported trade price;
`the provision of a system and method for displaying
`current trade volume against historical trade volume for
`each of a plurality of time intervals; and the provision of
`a system and method for forecasting trade volume in a
`selected time interval prior to expiration of the time
`interval.
`The above and other objects, features, and advan
`tages are attained in a system and method which extrap
`olates trade volume in a selected item by counting the
`number of trades occurring in that item from reported
`trade price. Each exchange provides current price in
`formation, i.e., each time a price is reported, it corre
`sponds to a trade. The actual volume of the trade, e. g.,
`100 shares or 1000 shares, is provided for stocks but not
`for bonds and commodities. However, Applicant has
`found that the number of trades correlates relatively
`closely to the volume. In other words, given a standard
`distribution of trade volume over a selected time inter
`val, there will be an average number of shares repre
`sented by each trade. Accordingly, Applicant can ex
`60
`trapolate from the reported price per trade to a volume
`of shares. However, Applicant has also found that vol
`ume information and price information alone are not
`predictable indicators of market direction. In particular,
`Applicant has found that trade volume tends to follow
`certain patterns in which volume is typically high at
`each extreme of a selected interval, for example at early
`and late hours of a day or at the beginning and end of a
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`For a better understanding of the present invention,
`reference may be had to the following detailed descrip
`tion taken in conjunction with the accompanying draw
`ings in which:
`FIGS. 1 and 1a are graphs illustrating one form of
`display in accordance with the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is another graph illustrating another form of
`display in accordance with the present invention; and
`FIGS. 3—5 are ?owcharts illustrating a method for
`implementing the graphs of FIGS. 1 and 2.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`Referring generally to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown
`one form of display implementing the present invention.
`FIG. 1 illustrates price and volume information for
`TBonds over a period of three days with each volume
`
`55
`
`65
`
`0006
`
`

`
`5
`
`25
`
`20
`
`5,347,452
`3
`4
`are shown compressed by deleting a central portion. It
`indicia or marker 12 corresponding to a thirty minute
`time interval. Each of the time intervals are associated
`will be apparent that other volume records and/ or pro
`with a letter code A-Z in which conventional practice
`jections could be displayed. The intent is to provide a
`has assigned the‘ letter A to indicate the time period
`means for determining whether present market volume
`from 8:20 am. to‘ 8:50 am. at the Chicago Bond of
`corresponds to normal volume or whether there is a
`Trade. The height or amplitude of each of the markers
`trend, either up or down, in market volume which will
`12 represents a historical average volume of trade for
`indicate whether price of a commodity is stable or likely
`the selected commodity during the selected time inter
`to move up or down. For example, higher than normal
`val. For example, the marker 12A may represent the
`volume without any noticeable price change is gener
`average trade volume in TBonds occurring between
`ally an indicator of a selling market and a precursor of
`8:20 am. and 8:50 am. on Monday averaged over a
`falling prices. Furthermore, if prices are changing,
`preselected number of weeks, such as, for example, the
`lower than normal volume generally indicates that the
`immediately prior eight weeks. Similarly, the marker
`price change is likely to reverse. Various other predic
`12B may represent the average trade volume in TBonds
`tions can be made by comparing volume activity with
`occurring between 8:20 am. and 8:50 am. on Tuesday
`price data. As additional examples, volume above nor
`averaged over an eight week period. Thus, not only
`mal and price dropping indicates a general exodus from
`does each interval marker amplitude represent an aver
`a particular commodity while volume below normal
`age volume during a preselected half-hourly interval,
`and price rising indicate short seller covering.
`the amplitude represents average volume during that
`All of the indications to be gleaned from the market
`interval on a particular preselected day of the week.
`volume information generated by Applicant requires
`However, the average could be accumulated over the
`some coordination with commodity price information.
`immediately preceding ten days without reference to a
`As is well known, such price information is provided to
`particular day of the week.
`stock and commodity brokers concurrently with their
`The importance of comparing market volume during
`reporting at the exchange. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
`a present time interval to average historical volume
`this price information is displayed with volume infor
`during the same time interval can be appreciated from
`mation for each time interval. The price information is
`the graph of FIG. 1. In general, volume tends to be
`preferably displayed with opening and closing values
`heavier in the early and late hours and to be slower
`along with the range of excursion. For example, in FIG.
`during the middle portion of each day although some
`2, marker 26 indicates an opening price of June TBonds
`commodities exhibit different characteristics. Devia
`30
`at 97 and a closing price at 96 on a Tuesday. The price
`tions from the generality are seen to occur when partic
`ranged from a high of 97 to a low of about 95.875 (ex
`ular market announcements are made or when signi?
`pressed as a percentage of discounted value). The trade
`cant news events occur. For particular commodities,
`volume for that day was less than normal volume as
`trends can be readily seen by comparing historical data
`shown by the marker 28.
`to current data. Applicant illustrates historical data
`The summation information described with respect to
`using open rectangles having a preselected width and a
`FIG. 1 is also available for the longer term data of FIG.
`height corresponding to volume. Current market activ
`2. The data can be presented in any desirable form, for
`ity is represented by solid markers, such as 14A, 14B,
`example, daily projections or weekly projections.
`and 14C, extending through the hollow, rectangular
`Given a first interval of trading, for example, one hour,
`markers 12A, 12B, and 12C. In instances in which the
`the day’s projection merely requires multiplying by the
`current volume exceeds the historical average volume,
`number of trading hours to develop a ?rst approxima
`such as with markers 14B and 14C, the current volume
`tion. However, as noted with respect to FIG. 1, trading
`marker resembles a wick protruding from a candle.
`tends to be higher at early hours and slower during
`Hence, the graphs of FIGS. 1 and 2 are referred to as
`midday. Accordingly, the projection may be normal
`Candlevolume TM graphs. The particular design and
`ized by using an average multiplier, e. g., 6.5 for an eight
`arrangement of the markers 12 and 14 are selected to
`hour trading day. It should also be recalled that the
`provide an easily distinguishable relationship between
`market volume is based upon “tic counts” i.e., number
`historical average volume and current volume. How
`of transactions rather than actual commodity volume.
`ever, other forms of markers could be used, such as, for
`The tic counts are reported merely as a trade at a given
`example, arranging the markers adjacent rather than as
`overlays.
`price per unit. However, Applicant has found that‘ tic
`counts are representative of actual volume. Further, in
`At the right hand of FIG. 1, there is displayed above
`the case of stocks, the actual volume is reported by the
`the E indicator certain detailed information and projec
`exchange so that the markers such as 14 represented
`tions for selected time periods or interludes. FIG. 1A is
`actual volume.
`an enlarged view of the portion of FIG. 1 within the
`The value of the present invention can be seen in the
`circled area 15. In the case of the illustrative thirty
`trading activity occurring during the ,fmal two days
`minute chart, bar 16 represents the projected market
`depicted in FIG. 1. The day indicated at 27 shows vol
`volume for the current time interval, bar 18 represents
`ume spurts occasionally exceeding normal and some
`the preceding day’s market volume for the current time
`times less than normal. The price during the day some
`interval, bar 20 represents the historical average market
`volume for the present day (not just the current time
`times increased but overall tended to drop. The lack of
`interval), marker 22 represents the current days total
`any sustained volume trading indicates a lackluster mar
`market volume of trades so far in the present day, and
`ket. However, on the following day there was sustained
`higher volume and price increases. The sustained vol
`marker 24 represents a projection of market volume for
`today based upon volume to the present time. In FIG. 1,
`ume justi?es entering the market on an upswing know
`the markers 20, 22, and 24 have been compressed to ?t
`ing that price will continue to rise. The investor can
`onto the graph. Since they represent totals, their actual
`then ride the rising price until volume falls to or below
`height would be substantially higher. In FIG. 1A, they
`normal at which point price will generally have peaked.
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`0007
`
`

`
`5,347,452
`5
`Turning now to FIGS. 3-5, there is shown a simpli
`fied ?owchart for a computer program for implement
`ing the present invention on a conventional IBM-DOS
`type computer. An overview program is shown in FIG.
`3 starting with a program open block 30. The program
`?rst determines spacing, size, and other parameters for
`the graph to be created, block 32. Values to plot are
`then calculated, block 34. The type of graph, i.e., line or
`bar chart, is next determined, block 36, and then the
`program steps to an execute block 38 which draws the
`graph.
`FIG. 4 expands on block 32. At block 40, the pro
`gram calculates the number of markers (bars) to ?t the
`screen display, the scale factor for volume as a function
`of amplitude of the marker and the starting record num
`ber. At decision block 42, the program determines if a
`Candlevolume TM graph is to be drawn. If so, the pro
`gram steps to block 44 where candle width, color, and
`frequency (i.e., thirty minute, sixty minute, daily, etc.,
`time intervals) are set. At block 46, the program loops
`through each record and sums the total tic count
`/ volume for each time interval and for the total number
`of intervals. At block 48, the program computes the
`average historical volume for the selected number of
`past time intervals and then exits with all the computed
`25
`parameters available to the display program, FIG. 3.
`FIG. 5 expands on block 38 and illustrates one way in
`which the graph of Candlevolume TM is generated. At
`block 50, the program determines if any volume in a
`selected commodity has been generated. If any has, the
`program sets the location for drawing the volume histo
`gram lines, block 52. Next, decision block 54 determines
`if Candlevolume TM is to be drawn. If not, the program
`steps to block 56 and increments to a new record num
`ber (another commodity). Else, the program increments
`to block 58 to select a new or existing interval set. If a
`new interval set (indicating a new day, for example), the
`program calls for a broken vertical line on the graph,
`block 60. Thereafter, or if no new set is selected, the
`program draws a candle line (volume line) centered on
`40
`the average volume for the selected interval, block 62.
`The program then loops via decision block 64 to block
`56 until all records have been processed. Note that
`
`6
`block 56 increments the record number while decision
`block 66 decides if more records are to be processed.
`Block 68 following decision block 64 completes house
`keeping requirements after the last record is processed
`including multiplying volume of trading in all commod
`ities by the reciprocal of the percent completed, draw
`ing a line to one side of the graph and displaying the
`multiplier.
`Appendix A attached hereto is a listing in source
`language of a computer program for implementing the
`function ?owchart of FIGS. 3-5.
`It will be apparent that other programs are readily
`devised to create graphs of the type described and that
`some commercially available graphing programs can be
`adapted to display the data in a form similar to that of
`FIGS. 1 and 2. It is not intended that the invention be
`limited to the particular format shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
`but that it be interpreted in the full spirit and scope of
`the appended claims. As described above, Applicant’s
`invention comprises the development of volume indica
`tors and their display in such a manner that traders can
`anticipate price trends from comparison of present trad
`ing volume against historical trading volume during
`similar time intervals. Further, while Applicant has
`referred to one historical time interval as being eight
`weeks, other longer and shorter time periods may be
`appropriate for different commodities and some time
`intervals may be variable. For example, the illustrative
`TBond market for June bonds disappears the first of
`July and the market switches to September TBonds.
`The accumulated historical data for June TBonds may
`have no value with respect to September TBonds. Fur
`ther, there is usually an initial surge on three month
`TBonds at the beginning of each cycle, e.g., the begin
`ning of July for September TBonds, which surge may
`not accurately forecast sales during similar intervals as
`September nears.
`The pricing information displayed on each graph of
`FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided by the respective market
`exchange. A personal computer equipped with a
`modem can be used to obtain this data at a fee from the
`exchange in a well known manner.
`
`APPENDIX A
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIII'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`'CDPYWRITE 1986-1991
`
`l
`
`.\"‘1'll\ld0TRADEI'(lm)
`
`L. A. Ehrhart
`
`PARTIAL SOURCE CODE LISTING FOQ CANDLE VOLUME.
`
`l
`
`indicates omit ted code
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`I
`
`IIIIIIIIIlllJlllll'lIIIIIIIIIIII‘I'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`I
`SUB DoGr aph STATIC
`
`IF QuickDisplay‘ih = 8 AND BiIIsVoI‘Zt TI-IDI
`
`"'BilIsVol% is permission switch for CANDLE VOLLLE
`
`QwkStartTimeAdjust% = StartDTimeAdj ust%(Qui ckContents‘Ya) '
`ThirtySixtyiviin‘i'a = 30
`IF PageWindoQMDispType, PageF-S, Awindo‘l?) = 5 THEN
`ThirtySixtyh-Iin‘lb = 60
`.
`END IF
`
`AL
`
`'
`'
`LastTrad-eTinie'Yo(Quickcontent's‘i’o) Bio!) 100
`(Currentiviin‘f'a - QwkStartTimeAdjust% + 1200) MOD Thirtysixtyiiiintt
`
`0008
`
`

`
`7
`CurrentMin‘?6 = 5
`IF
`
`BN1")
`
`'
`
`5,347,452
`
`'
`
`'
`
`-
`
`‘
`
`'
`
`8
`
`= ThirtySixty.‘~iin% I Curr.ent%-1in%_
`.VoiCand1eAdj!
`DoVolCandle‘?b = Yes
`-‘
`
`"’DoV‘olCandIe“;b is switch indicating whether
`
`to do CANDLE VOL on this dispia
`
`ELSE
`
`DoVo I Cant.’ I e% = No
`END IF
`
`Heginning;'{ecord‘:'o = BegRecHold%(Awindo%)
`End ingP.ecoro‘".-3 = EndRecI!o I d°.‘o(Awi ndo%)
`
`.
`Z
`‘
`_
`CKLL GetO_wkVariabIes
`QuickMiuPoint% = ConvertColsToModeZero%((RawLeftCol% + Rav/RightCol‘-’u)
`Expani-‘acz°.I: = -I * (-2 + do.LTA.DISPLAY(Page%, A\vindo°6))
`I.1arkingLineSpacing% =
`(2)
`2 Expanl-'act%
`-
`I? ExpanFact‘?i> > 2 THEN
`
`1 2)
`
`CandleSpacing°/2 = do.LTA.DISPLAY(Page%, Awindo%)
`
`"'CandIeSpacing‘?3 sets width of Candie sticks
`
`DoVolCandIeSpacing% = do.LTA.D1SPLAY(Page?-3, Awindo“.-'2)
`
`"'DoVoiCandlcFpacing“’~ sets vcicith of C/‘J-2.»"2L£'
`
`‘C-L
`
`ELSE
`CandleSpacing‘3'.': = No
`DoVolCandleSpacing°.3 = No
`IEND IF
`
`HowI~.iany".3 = x’-IndingiZecord""~ - F",eginning.'lecord'-I-7. +
`END ii’
`
`1
`
`-
`
`- RawLeftCoi% — 3 * Marki
`(RawRightCo
`{Dun-my°,1, =
`IF IDun'my% < How.‘-iany% THEN
`BeginningRecord% EndingRecord% -
`iDurrmy%
`END Ii’
`
`LineSpacing‘3I:)
`
`2 MarkingLineSp
`
`If‘ MarkingLineSpacing% < 8 - 8 * do.LTA.DISPLAY(Page%, Awindo‘.-5)
`IF ClearViewPort% = 2 'lHEN
`BackOff% = Yes
`END IF
`END IF
`
`‘I’!-{EV
`
`IF‘ NOT Candl_e% THEN
`Candiespacing’/2» = _No
`END IF
`
`apoca-
`
`_
`
`IF TypeOi'Graph% = BarChart THEN '
`OneForBarT\-/oForLine“-2: =
`I
`GOSUB’ DoBarChart
`GDSUB Dra\vFibLines
`ELSEIF TypeOfGraph"/rz = LineChart THEN
`OneForBarTwoForI.ine°.’o = 2
`GOSUB DoBarChart
`OOSUB DrawFibLines
`ELSEIF TypeOfGraph% =. i‘«;iovingAver-ageChart T'r{Er-I
`7 REDIM1‘.-2ovAvePrice%(NumberOf?.iovingAverages%(Awindo‘2(:),
`‘ GOSUB Do:-.1ovingAverage
`..
`-
`.
`COSUB Dra\yFibLines
`
`I
`I
`. o . - -a
`
`.‘.1axEntry“.~'~.)
`
`(SOTO DoGraphEnds
`
`0009
`
`0009
`
`

`
`DrawBarChart:
`
`5,347,452
`
`IF DoVoICandle'~".’u THEN '12/IS BILL BAY CANDLE VOLUME .‘
`REDII\~1AVe30Ct°.-5:IO TO 30)
`REDIM Ave30VoI€:(O TO 30)
`FND IF
`
`FOR Qltemcb = Beginningflecord‘/.~ TO EndingRecord“.3
`ICoIor% =
`ICoIorHoIder%
`UseDoVoICandleAdj’€I>
`= No
`an...-
`
`IF DoGraphicsMFI% OR DoVo_ICandIe”r?.:
`
`'I'III-)1
`
`
`
`A Q’
`
`A 3
`
`- TI-IEN ‘I2/I5 BILL BAY CANDLE
`IF DoVoICandI
`QwkDayOfWeek% =, Day0f\"s’eek%(Ca I 4:-‘vii-‘I Index"/c
`IF QwkDayOf‘.~'«'eek°.(z < O
`‘month and day
`QwkDum'ny% = -I * QwkDayOfWeek%
`QwkDun'my°/o = QwkDun-my% 1x00 1000
`‘rec
`O_w1<Dunmy30% = QwkDur.my% MG) 30
`Ave3OCt%(QsvkDunmy30%) = Ave30Ct%(Qwk;
`. Ave30VoI&(QwkDunmy30%)
`= Ave30VoI8:(Q
`BID IF
`'
`B\‘D'IF
`END IF
`END IF
`
`NEXT
`
`IF DoVolCandle% THB1 ‘I2/I5 BILL BAY CANDLE VOLUJE
`F02 QwkDum'ny30% = 0 To 30
`CountDunmy% x Ave30Ct%(QwkDux:my30%)
`IF CountDumny°.3 THEN
`Ave30VoI&(QwkDurrmy30%) = Ave30Vol&(-QwkDun'my3
`END IF
`
`NEXT
`END IF
`
`. IF Do\/oICa’ndle% THEN
`QwkDayOfWeek% = DayOfWeek%(QItern%)
`IF QwkDay0fWeek% < 0 TI-IEN ‘month and day
`QwI<Duxrmy% = -1 * QwI<DayOfV.‘eeI<%
`f’\i'!<!"u:'r:f:_\“‘= = ’2v.'I:!?u:':m)/"2 3.137 1000
`QsvkDum'ny30% = QwkDun'my‘3~': NDD 30
`' VertDispClose°/o
`Ave30Vo1&(QwkDum'ny3O?4:)
`VertDispCIose% VertDispCIose% " Avai IabIeRowsForVoIume
`VertDispCIose% Raw."iotto:'.1RoW‘/3 - VertDispCIose%
`‘volume line will be at IIorizonta_lCount% +
`1
`LINE (HorizontaICount% + DoVolCandIeSpacing‘!S, 1'-“.awBotton‘R
`spClose%), QwkLinelnsideCoIor'?b
`LINE (HorizontaICount% + DoVolCandIeSpacing‘iI~.,
`ertDispCIose%), O_wkLineInsideCoIor%
`LINE (HorizontaICount% + 2 - DoVoICandIeSpacing%, P.awBot
`, VertDispClose°.’a), QwkLineInsideColor%
`IF Yes tQwkDum'ny30% > QwkDumny30% TI£E?!\‘
`LineStyle% = &I<I8000
`.
`LINE (HorIzontalCount%, RawTopRow% + QwkCharHei‘gh’(%)
`
`'recnum
`
`\/ertDispCI
`
`‘new day
`
`‘
`
`E 9‘,
`
`QwkBorderCoIor%,
`'
`
`, LIneStyle%
`
`LineStyIe% = -1
`END IF
`END IF
`
`Ye s t Qwk Dummy 3 0% - QwkDum11y 3 0%
`
`31
`
`[F ('21 tern“/a = EndingRecord°.L THEN
`UseDoVoICandleAdj‘?3 = Yes
`E49 IF
`END IF
`
`0010
`
`0010
`
`

`
`11
`
`5,347,452
`
`12
`
`GOSU8 Ma r kXax i 5
`
`> 0 THB\'
`IF Barlnterval(QuickContents%)
`ll-‘
`l':c..mao:m.vInIo.,...o'.H (S n 11mm
`
`Ag
`
`,;»”
`
`IF (s€»-c~+m {(¢g;+w?.,)) 4;. o -rm-,0
`IF C55‘~*-~~’«~‘on‘. C,CQI1‘e»‘éoJ) <.> H.~<,m+ mgzo; THEIQ
`
` ‘
`
`5
`<>
`33;: RW0‘ ,_E¢;.;;s+u~é,—,« nucfo Am, z{,u_9_LT‘gm Puxcz To smu‘ o7rP£'flJ
`
`
`
`.
`
`. Gofis us
`
`(,5r;:wa4vnrL¢AaL.Es
`
`ELSE
`
`lNT(SSumation! (Qltem°.-’o))
`VertDispClose% =
`C
`dVolColor% = QwkLineBordex
`lor%
`XA36 - HorizontaICount% +
`1
`)G3‘?(-. HorizontalCount% +
`l
`YB‘.-6 - RawBottomP.ou% -
`1
`COSUB 2~.'lakVolBar
`
`IF UseDoVolCandleAdj% '1‘!-ll-‘J\'
`
`"'UseDoVolCandleAdj% I5 switch for
`
`last PROJECTED volum
`
`31
`
`- DoVolCandleSpacing%
`XASB = Y/\% + 1
`- DoVolCandleSpacing%
`X3‘-.‘Za = X3"m"o + 1
`VertDispClose% =
`|NT(SSumation!(QItenf!4.:) * VoICandleAdj!)
`CandVolColor% = QwkLinelmpCo|or%
`CXDSUB MakVolBar
`END 1F
`END IF
`END IF
`END IF
`END IF
`
`NEXT
`RETURN
`I
`
`Markxax i s :
`IF GetOutQuick% = AUTO OR (AUI‘O.PLE1“RESHIHG AND Qltenfi-’o <'Er'1dingRecord‘:/o) THEN
`"'this keeps footing from flickering once printed
`.
`b
`<
`ELSEIF DoVolCandIe%_'I1-{E1
`‘.12/15 BILL
`CANDLE VOLUEE
`'
`‘
`ELSE
`LINE (I-IorizonLalCount%, Rav/BottomRo\V% - 1)-(HorizontalCount%, Ra\vBottom.‘{o\v‘?{\ - 5)
`I? DayOfWeek%(QIten1?’o) MCD 10 = 2 THEN
`.
`LINE (HorizontalCount“a, RawBottomRow% - 1)-(HorizontalCount°£a, Raw’5ottomRow%
`LXIJE (I4iorizontaICount'~.n, x3<awBottomI-<ow':'o - b‘)-(HorizontalCount% + 3, Raxv/i3ottonL".
`LINE (HorizontalCount“7.- + 3, RawB9ttorn.'?ovF.'a - 3)-(HorizontalCount% + 6, RawBot
`LINE (HorizontalCount“'-‘z + 6, Ra\vBottom.‘?ow‘.’a - G)-(HorizontalCount‘?’o + 6, P.awBot
`END IF
`RE'lU'.l.‘~1
`
`I
`
`MakVo!Bar:
`
`~
`RETURN
`
`-
`
`-
`VertDispClose% = VertDispClose% * AvaHableRowsForVolume!
`Vert1'3ispC|ose°$~ = °.av"3ottorr:"’.oxs”fi ~ ‘/ertDispClose".‘o
`‘{A% = VertDispClose9(:
`lCoIor°.I~."-—- CandVolColor%
`C-OSUB ;'-.iakLineCall
`
`.
`:
`MakLineCal I
`IF Qwkscrni-.iode‘?’a >- 2 THEN
`. CDSUEE Ix-iakeYELineCal l
`ELSE
`'
`GOSUB MakeYLineCal l
`IF
`
`S-I.\.‘U
`RETUTN
`
`0011
`
`0011
`
`

`
`13
`
`5,347,452
`
`14
`
`Mak eYELineCal l :
`CALL SETL l NES'IYLE ( L i neS t y l 8%)
`CALL UJGALCA'ITiHForeCIu, iiacici'o, lColor‘m)
`C'XLL ELINEL' 'I'o,
`Y/\.°'\, >33“, “3%, Fore'lb)
`
`MakeYLine'Cal l:
`LINE (XA%,
`
`REFURN '
`
`'
`
`DoGraphEnd 5:
`
`Opel.‘
`
`_ CALL GetQuickContents
`AUI‘O.REH2ESHING = No
`
`vENDSUB
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`What is claimed is:
`1. A method for displaying market trading volume in
`selected commodities for developing a priori knowl
`edge of price trends from abnormal trading volume
`comprising the steps of:
`gathering historical data representative of an average
`volume of trades of a predetermined market item
`for each of a plurality of preselected time intervals;
`generating a graph comprising a set of ?rst sequential
`markers, each of the ?rst markers corresponding to
`one of the preselected time intervals and having an
`amplitude representative of the average volume of
`trades of the predetermined item during each pre
`selected time interval taken over a predetermined
`number of the preselected time intervals;
`generating a set of second markers substantially con
`currently in time with the corresponding prese
`lected time intervals and positioning the second
`markers on the graph in proximity to correspond
`ing ones of the ?rst markers, respectively, each of
`t the second markers having an amplitude represen
`tative of the volume of trades in the preselected
`item during the most recent ones of the preselected
`time intervals with the difference in amplitude
`being indicative of trade volume deviation from
`average trade volume;
`comparing the amplitude of the second markers to
`the amplitude of corresponding ones of the ?rst
`markers to determine differences therebetween;
`and
`predicting price movements in the predetermined
`item from the amplitude differences between the
`?rst and second markers.
`2. The method of claim 1 and including the further
`steps of:
`displaying reported trading prices in corresponding
`relationship with trading volume for each prese
`lected item; and
`projecting trends in the trading price from the step of
`comparing the amplitude or the second and ?rst
`markers.
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`3. Thevmethod of claim 1 and including the further
`step of:
`displaying a third marker for each preselected item ‘
`representative of trading volume in such prese
`lected item for a predetermined number of consec
`utive time intervals during a prior selected time
`interlude;
`generating a fourth marker adjacent said third marker
`representative of the current trading volume in the
`preselected item during a set of consecutive time
`intervals corresponding to said predetermined
`number of consecutive time intervals; and
`using the third and fourth markers to predict trade
`volume over an extended time interval for estab
`lishing a projection of price trend over the ex
`tended time interval.
`4. The method of claim 3 wherein each of said time
`intervals comprises a fraction of a day and said time
`interlude comprises a day.
`5. The method of claim 1 and including the step of:
`generating a projected trading volume in said item
`during a predetermined time interlude from trading
`volume occurring during a portion of the time
`interlude;
`comparing the projected trading volume to the his
`torical trading volume for the predetermined time
`interlude; and
`projecting price trends in the predetermined market
`item from any differences obtained by said step of
`comparing the projected trading volume to the
`historical trading volume.
`6. The method of claim 1 and including the step of:
`generating another marker representative of pro
`jected trading volume in the preselecte