THE
`
`NEW SHORTER
`
`OXFORD ENGLISH
`
`DICTIONARY
`
`ON HISTORICAL PRINCIPLES
`
`EEEEEE BY
`
`LESLEY BROWN
`
`VOLUME 1
`
`
`
`A-M
`
`C LLLL NDON PRESS - OXFORD
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`Apple Ex. 1008
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`

`
`Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0x2 6111’
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`Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford Ur2iz=ersity Press
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`Published in the United States by
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`C Oxford University Press 1993, 1993
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`First Edition I 933
`Second Edition 1936
`Third Edition 1944
`Reprinted with Revised Etymologies and Enlarged Addenda 1973
`This Edition 1993
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`ISBN (P19-~86] I3¢~X Plain Edition
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`Apple Ex. 1008
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`Apple Ex. 1008
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`

`
`directive
`
`680
`
`
`
`dirgeful a. lull oflamentanon, mournful LIB.
`dirham /‘diatom/’ n. Also -hem. LIB. [Arab_ f_
`Gk drachme' (see DRACHMA).] A monetary unit of
`Morocco (now the basic unit), Libya,
`the
`United Arab Emirates (the basic unit), Qatar’
`and formerly
`some other Middle Eastern
`countries, equal
`to 100 centimes in MQIOCCQJ
`one-thousandth of a dinar in Libya, too fils in
`the United Arab Emirates, and one—hundredth
`of a riyal in Qatar. Formerly also, an Arabian
`unit of weight.
`Tdirige n. see DIRGE.
`[L dirz'genr— pres,
`Tdirigent :1. 81 71. EI7-~MI9.
`ppl
`stern of dirrjgere DIRECT 'v.:
`see
`-EN-1-_]
`(Something) that directs or guides.
`dirigible /"(lII‘IEl3IlJ(9)l,/‘I a. & rt. L16. [f. L dirigere
`DIRECT v. + -Il3LE.] A adj. Able to be directed,
`spec. in respect of motion. L16. B n. A dirigfble
`balloon or airship. L19.
`d.irigi‘bi1ity 71.
`the quality of being dirigible,
`controllability L19.
`dis-igism
`:1. Also
`di1-igzlsme
`/dirigisrn/i
`/"dIrrd31z(a)m/. M20. [Fr., f. diriger f. L dzrigere
`DIRECT 21.:
`see
`-IsM.] The policy of State
`direction and control
`in economic and social
`matters.
`IHEO.
`dirigiste ,z’diri3ist.7 a. of or pertaining to din'gI'sma
`
`“
`
`[L dz'n'mem-
`/"d1rtm(9)nt;' a. M19.
`diriment
`pres. ppl stem of dz'rz'mere: see DIREMPT 12., —ENT.]
`That renders absolutely void; nullifying.
`dirirnent impediment: making a marriage null and
`void from the first.
`_
`dirk /dozk,/’ n. & 7;. Also (earlier) fdurk. M16.
`[Origin urtkn.] A 71. A kind of short dagger, esp.
`that of a Scottish Highlander. M16. B 12.1. Stab
`with a dirk. L16.
`dirl _/dszlf v. & n. Sc. & north. E16. [Alt of THIRL
`of] A v. 1 'L<'.t. Pierce, T.h1'lll,' cause to tingle, esp.
`by a sharp blow. E16. 2 12.1’. Vibrate, esp.
`in
`response to a blow, a sound, etc.; tingle. E18. 3
`1;. :1 Produce a vibrating sound; ring. E19. B n. A
`thrill, a vibration, a tternulous sound. L18.
`dirndl !'d2:nd(a}l./ n. Mzo.
`[G dial., dim. of
`Dime girl.]
`1 A dress in the style of Alpine
`peasant costume with a bodice and full skirt.
`M20. 2 More fully dirndl skirt. A full skirt with a
`tight waistband. M20.
`[ON drit excrement,
`dirt _;‘d2:t/ n.
`:51
`11. ME.
`corresp.
`to l\/lDu. dre‘te (Du. dreez), rel.
`to the
`vbs OE gedrftan = ON drita, MDu. driten GDu.
`dr-[fzen).] A n.
`1 Excrement,
`faeccs. M.E. 2
`Unclean matter that soils, filth; esp. mud, mire.
`ME. 3fig. Something worthless or (US, Austral,
`& NZ slang) mean;
`scurrilous
`information,
`scandal; a despicable person. ME. 4 Dirtiness,
`foulness, uncleanness,
`(lit. & fig.), meanness,
`sordidness. E17. 5 Earth, soil. L17. 6 A/lining etc.
`Useless material, esp. that from which an ore or
`other useful substance is separated. L13. 7 Bad
`weather. dial. M19. 8 Firedamp. M19.
`3 SI-L-u<Es. Ham]. Spacious in the possession of dirt.
`L. G. GIBEON The dirt of gentry sat and ate up your
`rents but you were as good as dtey were. L. ALTHER
`\‘C"hat’s die point of having grown children if they
`won’t tell you the dirt?
`Phrases: do dirt to slang harm or injure maliciously.
`eat dirt
`(ct) accept
`insults or humiliation;
`([7) US
`make a humiliating confession. kiss the dirt: see KISS v.
`pd_v~din‘: see PAY-.
`ta-eat
`like dirt: as worthless or
`contemptible.
`C0mb.: dirt bike a motorcycle designed for unmade
`roads and scrambling across difficult
`terrain; dirt
`cheap a. Sr adv. very cheap; dirt-eating a disease _
`characterized by a morbid craving to eat earth; dirt
`far-rner US: who farms his own land himself; dirt
`money: paid to workmen handling dirty materials or
`working in dirty conditions; dirt-pie a mud-pie; dirt
`mod N. Amer. an unmade road, with only the natural
`surface; dirt-track a course made of rolled Cinders,
`brick-dust, etc., for motorcycle racing etc., or of earth
`for flat-racing; dirt-wagon US a dustcart.
`B “DJ. Make dirty, soil. arch. L16.
`dirtless a. £17.
`[f. DIRT n. +
`dirty /‘daztij a., n., & adv. LME.
`-Y‘.] A adj.
`1 Soiled with dirt, unclean. LME. b
`That makes a person or thing dirty or unclean.
`L18. C Of a nuclear weapon: producing a lot of
`fallout.
`calloq. M20. 2a Morally unclean or
`
`relation to the point towards which it is moving,
`the line towards anything i11
`its relation to a
`given line; a point to or from which a person
`moves,
`tun-Is, etc. M17. b fig. The course of
`development of thought, effort, or action,
`a
`distinct tendency or trend; linear or consistent
`progress. M18. 7 = DIRECTORATE. arch. E18.
`1 SHARES. Ozlt. A soldier fit to stand by Caesar And
`give direction. GED. ELIOT She felt
`the need of
`direction even in small things. D. FRASER The Chiefs
`of Staff Committee was concerned with the overall
`direction of war. 3 GOLDSMITH Provide him with
`proper directions for finding me in London. 5 SHARES.
`Rich. III Call for some men of sound direction. 6 J.
`BUCHAN Making farther from London in the direction
`of some western port. N. MOSLEY She appeared to be
`seen from two directions at once. b B. ]owETr New
`directions of enquiry. Times Gold shares
`lacked
`direction with the bullion price virtually unchanged.
`Phrases: sense of direction the ability to know
`without guidance towards which place one is walking
`etc. stage direction: see STAGE 1:.
`Comb; direction-finder a device for direction-
`findingg direction-finding the process of finding the
`direction from which radio waves
`are
`coming;
`direction-indicator a device showing the direction in
`which the driver is about to turn a motor vehicle.
`directional a. (a) pertaining to the giving or taking
`of directions; ([1) of or pertaining to direction in space,
`esp. of radio transmission witlnn a narrow angle; (of a
`well) drilled at
`an angle
`to
`the vertical: E17.
`directio‘na1ity n. directional quality; maintenance of
`direction: Mao. directionally adv. L19. directionless
`a. lacking aim or direction M19. directionlessness n.
`Mzo.
`
`[med.L
`n. M17.
`directive /dI‘rskt1v, d.tI-j
`directivzmz use as 11. of neut. of direcriztusz see
`next] Something which directs; spec. a general
`instruction for procedure or action given to a
`subordinate.
`H. KISSINGER The ABM directive went the way of
`many other Presidential instructions to the Defense
`Department.
`T;Rare bef. Ezo.
`
`[med.L
`a. LME.
`directive ,='d1'rekttv, Lia:-7'
`directimzs, f. L d1'rert- pa. ppl stern of dingere: see
`DIRECT ‘bi,
`-IVE. Cf. {O)Fr. direczzf, —itne.]
`1
`Having the quality,
`function, or power of
`directing; serving to direct. LME. 1'2 Subject to
`direction. rare {Shakes}. Only in E17.
`1 J. S. I\rlILL Utility or Happiness, considered as the
`directive rule of human conduct. J. C. MAXWELL The
`directive action of the earth’s magnetism on the
`
`compass needle. A. STGRR Those who are directive bynature.
`directively adv.
`in a directive manner; so as
`to
`direct
`or
`guide: M17.
`directiveness
`n.
`E18.
`direc‘tivity 71.
`{ct}
`the quality or
`state of being
`directed by a vital force or by God; ([1) the property or
`degree of being directional: Ezo.
`
`[f.
`directly ;’dt’rsktli, d.xI-y’ adv. & cmzj. LME.
`DIRECT a. + -Lv3.] A adv.
`1 In a straight line,
`without deviation, Aiazh.
`linearly. LIME.
`2
`Straightforwardly, plainly; pointedly, LME. 3
`Completely,
`absolutely;
`exactly.
`L1V1E.
`4
`Without an intermediary; by a direct process.
`E16. 5 At right angles to a surface, not obliquely.
`M16. 6 At once,
`imrnediately; presently,
`in a
`little while. 151?.
`1 L. Hl‘:‘LLM.-\N I W'L’I‘l[ directly to Paris. Dav LEWIS
`Her mother..was directly descended from Oliver
`Gnldsmith’s uncle. 2 BURKE I asked him his opinion
`directly, and without management. 3 J. M. COETZEIZ A
`clap burst directly over him and it began to pour. 4 B.
`PYM She did not like to approach me directly. 5 V.
`Wootr The rain poured down more directly and
`powerfillly as the wind fell. 6 V. WOOLE She went off
`directly after tea. I. MURDQCH Ill! be back directly.
`B wnj. As soon as, the moment after. L18.
`G. GREENE He realized how childish he sounded
`directly he had spoken.
`
`Directoire ,-‘dI‘rEkttva:;forez'gn dirEktwa:r (pl. of
`11. 5ame},~" n. S: :1. 1.18.
`[E71, f. as DIRECTORY rt] A
`n. Hist. The French Directory. L18.
`B adj‘. Also d-. Of, pertaining to, or resembling
`an extravagant style of fashion, decorative art,
`etc., prevalent at the time of the Directory and
`characterized esp. by an imitation of Greek and
`Roman modes. L19.
`Directoire knickers women’s knee-length knickers
`with elastic or bands at the waist and knee.
`
`the chief administrator of a
`of Public
`Prosecutions:
`see
`
`director ;'dI‘rEkta, dA1-,5 rz. LME. [AN direcmur
`f.
`late L director,
`f. L dz'rect- pa. ppl stem of
`dirigeref see DIRECT 22., —OR.] 11 A person who or
`thing which directs, governs, or guides;
`a
`manager, a superintendent. LME. 2 A member
`of the board that manages
`the affairs of a
`company. M17. 3 Em’. A spiritual adviser. M17.
`4 A person who directs a theatre or cinema
`production. E20.
`1 director-general
`project
`etc. Director
`PROSECUTION n. 5.
`thing which causes
`I15 A person who or
`something to take a particular direction; Surg.
`an instrument for guiding the course of the knife
`etc. when an incision is made. M17.
`(b)
`directorate
`n.
`(a)
`=
`D1REcroRsI-111-;
`management by directors;
`(c) a board of directors:
`M19. d.i.rec‘tor-ial a.
`(a) of, pertaining to, or of the
`nature of a director or direction; (b) of or pertaining to
`a body of directors; (also D-) belonging to the French
`Directory: L18. d.irec'torialJy adv. M19. directorship
`rt. the position or office ofa director E18.
`directory ;‘dt‘r5kt(a)1i,
`tl.«I-/' n. LME. [Late L
`directorium use as 11. of neut. sing. of directorius:
`see next, —oRY‘.]
`1 Something that serves to
`direct, a guide; a book of rules or directions, esp.
`one for the conduct of public or private worship,
`an ordinal. LME. b A book containing an
`alphabetical or classified list of the people in
`some category, e.g.
`telephone subscribers or
`clergy, with information about them. M18. c A
`computer file listing information about a set of
`other files or of programs etc. M20. 1'2 A
`surgical director. L17~M1B.
`3 A body of
`directors,’ spec. in Hist. (also D-) the executive of
`five people in power in revolutionary France,
`17959. L18.
`lb telephone directory etc.
`service which
`a
`Comb; directory enquiries
`telephone callers may ring to find the number of a
`subscriber.
`/
`directory ;’d1‘rekt{2}ri, d.xI-/’ a. LME. [Late L
`direcrarius,
`f.
`director DIRECTOR:
`see —0RY3.]
`Serving or
`tending to direct, guiding;
`spec.
`designating (any part ofl
`a statute which is
`advisory rather than mandatory in effect.
`directress ,"dx'r1»:k1res, d.\1-/' n. E17. [f. DIRECTOR
`+ ~Ess‘.] A female director. Formerly also, a
`governess.
`
`2 DIRECTRESS.
`directrice ;‘dt’rEk1ri:sf rt. M17. [Fr., f. as next]
`
`71. Pl. —triCes
`d.xI~/
`direct:-ix ;’dt‘rcktr1ks,
`
`.1’-trtsiz
`’ E16. [med.L, fem. of late L DIRECTOR:
`see —TRIX.] 1 2 D1REcTREss. E16. 2 Geom. A fared
`line with reference to which a curve or surface is
`defined, spec.
`the straight
`line the distance of
`which from any point on a conic bears a
`constant ratio to the distance of the same point
`from the focus. E18.
`
`direful .r"d.xIaf{2}l, —fol,=‘ a. literary. L16. [Irreg. f.
`DIRE a. + —EUL.] Presaging dire consequences;
`dreadful, terrible.
`direfully adv. 1.18. direfulness n. M17.
`t.
`dirempt
`,’dI‘rEm{p}tx‘
`Long rare. Pa.
`[L
`8:
`pple
`fdirempt, dirempted. M16.
`dirempt— pa. ppl stem of dirimere, f. dir— DIS- 1 +
`emere take] Separate, divide; break off.
`diremption :1. (now rare} forcible separation, esp. of
`man and wife; removal: L16.
`
`Tdireption 72. L15. [L direptiofrz-}, f. d{rept— pa.
`ppl stem of dzflpere tear asunder, lay waste, f. di-
`m-1 + razpere tear away: see —ION.]
`1 The action
`of snatching away or dragging apart violently.
`LI5~L17. 2 The sacking or pillaging of a town
`etc. E16»E19.
`
`Also £11., earlier) fdirige.
`«Sr
`dirge /dezdgx‘ rt.
`ME. [L dings imper. of. dziigere DIRECT 7)., first
`wd of the antiphon Dirige, Dzmzimz, Deus meus, in
`cmzspectu ma Liam rneom (P5. 5:8} formerly in the
`Oflice of the Dead] A rt.
`1 RC Ch. The Ofiice
`of the Dead, esp. the morning officc. arch. ME. 2
`A song of mourning sung at a funeral etc. or in
`commemoration of the dead, a slow moumful
`song, a lament. E16. 3 A funeral feast, a wake.
`Sc. M17. B 1’.
`1 at Sing a dirge over, commit
`with a dirge. rare. M19. 2 7.1.1. 5:
`2'. Sing (as) a
`dirge. L19.
`
`h but, d dog, F few, 9 get, ll he,j yes, k cat, l leg, In man, n no, p pen,
`
`1' red, S sit, t top,
`
`v van, ‘N we, 2 zoo, I she, 3 vision,
`
`(3 thin, ('5 this, 1) ring, 1]’ chip, d3 iar
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`Apple Ex. 1008
`
`Apple Ex. 1008