Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`ISBN 0-86612-147-1
`
`90000
`
`J808J 121477
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`MANAGING
`COMPUTERS
`in the
`HOSPITALITY
`INDUSTRY
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Disclaimer
`
`This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject
`matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal,
`accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the
`services of a competent professional person should be sought.
`-hom the Declaration of Principles jointly adopted by the American Bar Association and a Committee of
`Publishers and Associations
`The authors, Michael L. Kasavana and John J. Cahill, are solely responsible for the contents of this
`publication. All views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
`views of the Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Lodging Association (the Institute) or the
`American Hotel & Lodging Association (AH&LA).
`Nothing contained in this publication shall constitute a standard, an endorsement, or a
`recommendation of the Institute or AH&LA. The Institute and AH&LA disclaim any liability with
`respect to the use of any information, procedure, or product, or reliance thereon by any member of the
`hospitality industry.
`
`©Copyright 1997
`By the EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE of the
`AMERICAN HOTEL & LODGING ASSOCIATION
`2113 N. High Street
`Lansing, Michigan 48906
`
`The Educational Institute of the American
`Hotel & Lodging Association is a nonprofit
`educational foundation.
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this
`publication may be reproduced, stored in
`a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
`form or by any means-electronic,
`mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
`otherwise-without prior permission of the
`publisher.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`4 5 6 7 8 9 10 05 04 03 02 01
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Kasavana, Michael L., 1947-
`Managing computers in the hospitality industry/Michael L.
`Kasavana, John J. Cahill.-3rd ed.
`p. em.
`includes bibliographical references and index.
`ISBN 0-86612-147-1
`1. Hospitality industry-Data processing. I. Cahill, John J.
`II. Title.
`TX911.3. E4K37 1997
`647.94'0285-dc21
`
`Editor: Richard L. Keener
`
`97-19743
`CIP
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`20 Chapter 1
`
`Exhibit 9 Hospitality Accounting Applications
`
`Accounts Receivable
`Module
`
`r---
`
`-
`
`Customer Master File
`City Ledger File
`Account Aging File
`
`Accounts Payable
`Module
`
`Vendor Master File
`Invoice Register File
`Check Register File
`
`Payroll Module
`
`-
`
`-
`
`Other Modules
`
`Employee Master File
`Payroll Register File
`Government Register File
`
`Inventory
`Purchasing
`Budgeting
`Fixed Assets
`
`Financial Reporting
`Module
`
`General Ledger
`Trial Balance
`Financial Statements
`
`schedules), and a variety of reports for use by management. Exhibit 9 summarizes
`typical hospitality accounting applications.
`
`The Internet and the Hospitality Industry
`The Internet is a large and complex series of computer networks designed to pro(cid:173)
`vide universal access to information and communication services around the
`world. Often referred to as the "information superhighway," the Internet re(cid:173)
`sembles the intricate traffic patterns of local and county roads with connections to
`state and interstate highways. The Internet was initially conceived at about the
`same time as the development of interstate highways. The design of the interstate
`highway system, linking major cities across the country, was based upon the need
`to maintain a continuous flow of supplies throughout the country. The roadways
`were designed with sufficient alternate routing so that a steady flow of materials to
`all parts of the nation could be assured.
`Similar ideas were important in the creation of the Internet. Using the inter(cid:173)
`state highway system as a model, the government turned its attention to similarly
`securing its intelligence system. The focus shifted from protecting vehicular traffic
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Automation in the Hospitality lndust1y 21
`
`patterns to ensuring a continuous movement of data between mainframe comput(cid:173)
`ers at various strategic locations from coast to coast. Internet planners sought to
`create a myriad of alternate communication routes across a wide range of computer
`platforms.
`
`Internet Applications
`The Internet has created a communications and information explosion with the
`potential to affect virtually every aspect of the hospitality industry. In an office
`environment, most networks connect individual microcomputers to a separate com(cid:173)
`puter, called a server or file server. The file server controls the flow of information
`along the network. It can also be used to establish a gateway to other computer
`networks beyond the office environment. The Internet takes the concept of networks
`to its fullest application by connecting large numbers of very complex networks. The
`Internet is an affiliation of tens of thousands of private, commercial, educational,
`and government-supported networks around the world. When a user connects to
`the Internet, data and information can be shared with millions of other users.
`
`World Wide Web
`The World Wide Web (www), also known simply as the Web, is only one of the
`many different parts of the Internet. It is the best-known part because its user(cid:173)
`friendly features have attracted millions of users. Unlike text-only sites found on
`much of the Internet, the Web offers an incredibly rich combination of text, images,
`sound, animation, and video. The visual options of the Web and the surging num(cid:173)
`bers of" surfers" have enticed thousands of businesses, organizations, educational
`institutions, government agencies, and individuals to create their own Web pages
`and participate in the dissemination of information along the Web. For information
`about the Web sites of specific hospitality organizations, visit the sites listed at the
`end of this chapter.
`Much of the user-friendly nature of the Web stems from the HyperText Trans(cid:173)
`fer Protocol (http) that structures information on the Web. This protocol is a set of
`file download commands embedded within the hypertext markup language (html)
`used to place text, graphics, video, and other information displays on the Web. The
`http indicates that the Web page can handle nonsequential links to other hypertext
`pages.:_a trait characteristic of all Web pages.
`A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) designates the Internet address of a site,
`usually the site's homepage. A site's homepage is the first screen or Web page pre(cid:173)
`sented when a destination site is located. URLs are usually built into the hypertext
`of a Web document, enabling users to jump from site to site along the Web. The URL
`for an organization, hotel, restaurant, club, or individual consists of a series of let(cid:173)
`ters and punctuation marks that may seem confusing, even intimidating, to a nov(cid:173)
`ice Web user. Each grouping of letters represents a section of the path that leads to a
`desired site.
`The best way to find a Web site when you don't know its address is to use a
`search engine. Commonly used search engines include:
`
`Yahoo ............ www.yahoo.com
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`22 Chapter 1
`
`Netscape ......... www.netscape.com
`Web Crawler . . .... www.webcrawler.com
`Net Guide . . . . . . . . www.netguide.com
`Lycos . . . . . . . . . . . . www.Iycos.com
`Excite . . . . . . . . . . . . www.excite.com
`
`A search engine is a software program that reads indexed Web sites and
`creates lists and links to sites that match a user's inquiry. Most search engines pro(cid:173)
`vide tips on how to efficiently search for information. Generally, the more specific
`your query, the more relevant will be the list of sites your query generates. How(cid:173)
`ever, even if the resulting list is long, you can usually scroll or page through the list
`and decide which sites are worth a look. Then it's simply a matter of clicking on the
`link or URL to go directly to the Web document.
`
`Key Terms
`
`Electronic Data Processing
`binary code-A code based on only two digits, zero and one. This is the form of
`data a computer can handle with greatest ease because electronic circuits have two
`natural states: "on," usually represented by the binary digit one; and "off," repre(cid:173)
`sented by the binary digit zero.
`bit-The smallest unit of electronic data. The term is short for Binary digiT (which
`is either zero or one). All characters (letters, numbers, and symbols) are repre(cid:173)
`sented by a special sequence of binary digits.
`byte-A special sequence of bits (electronic data) representing a single character. A
`byte is a group of adjacent bits that work, or are operated on, as a unit. Theoreti(cid:173)
`cally, a byte may be any length, but the most common length for a byte is eight bits,
`with some computers using seven.
`data-Facts or figures to be processed into useful information. Three types of data
`are alpha data, numeric data, and alphanumeric data.
`data processing-A cycle of events identified as input, process, and output that
`transforms raw facts and isolated figures into timely, accurate, and useful
`information.
`gigabyte-Often abbreviated as "Gb," equal to 1,073,741,834 bytes, and commonly
`used to describe computer memory capacity.
`kilobyte-Often abbreviated as "K" or "Kb," equal to 1,024 bytes, and commonly
`used to describe computer memory capacity.
`megabyte-Often abbreviated as "Mb," equal to 1,048,576 bytes, and commonly
`used to describe computer memory capacity.
`microcomputer-Also called a personal computer; despite its relatively small size, it
`contains the same types of components as larger machines and may also have addi(cid:173)
`tional features, such as hard disks, color monitors, graphics capability, and others.
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`102 Chapter 4
`
`Exhibit 6 Sample Reservation Transaction Record
`
`RESERVATION TRANSACTION REPORT
`
`RESV# GROUP UNIT PC
`
`REF. EMP FOOD/PAl $ DATE TIME CC RESV#
`
`1999
`1999
`2000
`2000
`2000
`2005
`2005
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2076
`2076
`
`0
`0
`1996
`0
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`1996
`0
`0
`
`12356487
`12345678
`
`12345678
`
`403
`403
`106
`504
`106 12
`511
`511 12
`215
`1
`215
`7
`215
`7
`11
`215
`215 11
`2 15
`11
`215 11
`215 12
`506
`1 TA999988
`506
`
`215, 1
`215, 1
`215, 1
`215, 1
`215, 1
`215, 1
`
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`0
`3
`3
`3
`
`1500
`0327
`0327
`0
`1211
`- 1000
`0327
`0
`1000
`0614
`-1 000
`1211
`1000 0614
`-21150
`1211
`450 0608
`450 0609
`9500 0608
`375 0609
`375 0608
`9500 0609
`500 0614
`- 50000 0703
`-52040
`1211
`
`1216
`1216
`1646
`1217
`1055
`1646
`1055
`1647
`0907
`1 049
`0907
`1 049
`0907
`1 049
`1055
`1449
`1645 DC
`
`1999
`1999
`2000
`2000
`2000
`2005
`2005
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2008
`2076
`2076
`
`Source: Lodgistix, Wichita, Kansas.
`
`Exhibit 7 Sample No-Show Report
`
`ACCT ROOM TYPE S GUEST NAME
`
`FIRM{fA NAME
`
`PLAN ARR DATE DEPRT RESERVED
`
`lATA#
`
`1964
`
`1003 SUTE 3 HUTCHINGSON. MR. AND CAMELBACK TRAVELS
`ADDRESS 1 LINE)()()()()( CITY FIELD)()()()()(
`ST
`
`03-27
`
`03/26
`03/30
`DC 65465488716165487
`
`25478
`
`88865555
`
`1985
`
`CAMELBACK TRAVELS
`1003 SUTE S LEXINGTON, PHILLIPC
`ADDRESS 1 LINE XXXXX CITY FIELD XXXXX
`ST
`
`25478
`
`03/27
`
`03/26
`04/01
`DC 65465468716165487
`
`88885555
`
`1986 2002 DDBL 3
`
`LIVINGSTON, JONATHAN MUSSELSHELL VALLEY
`ADDRESS 1 LINE SSSSS CITY FIELD DDDDD
`ST
`
`21547
`
`MUSSELSHELL VALLEY
`1987 2002 DDBL S LIVINGSTON, ROBERT
`ADDRESS 1 LINE SSSSS CITY FIELD DDDDD
`ST
`
`21547
`
`1989
`
`110 QUEN 3
`
`JENKINS, ROBERT
`ADDRESS LINE 1
`
`FIRM LINE
`CITY FIELD
`
`ST
`
`565466
`
`1994
`
`501
`
`KING 6
`
`JORGENSON, MICHAEL
`ADDRESS1 LINETEST
`
`FIRM LINE TESTDDDDDD
`CITY FIELD
`ST
`
`321311
`
`03/27
`
`03/27
`
`03/27
`
`03/27
`
`03/26
`03/31
`AX 32165414651654365
`
`77776666
`
`03/26
`03/31
`AX 32165414651654365
`
`77776666
`
`03/27
`03/27
`DC 64321646432164643
`
`03/27
`CA
`
`03/27
`
`2012
`
`101
`
`KING C WEST, MR. KERRY
`1938 N. WOODLAND
`
`LODGISTIX INC.
`WICHITA
`
`KS
`
`58201
`
`03/27
`
`03/27
`03/30
`AX21257464326454246
`
`Source: Lodgistix, Wichita, Kansas.
`
`Individuals with microcomputers are presently able to place their own reserva(cid:173)
`tions via the Internet. Soon, consumers may use this same technology for all travel(cid:173)
`related needs. Interactive television-based self-reservation systems allow users with
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Computer-Based Reservation Systems 103
`
`satellite capabilities to retrieve computer-stored reservation packages and view them
`on their television screens or display monitors. These reservation programs typically
`require users to respond to a series of questions. Users may enter their responses
`through a specially designed keypad, touch-tone phone, or infrared remote control
`device, and thereby create their own bookings.
`Currently under development are interactive multi-media and virtual reality
`presentations for independent travelers, meeting planners, and travel agents. Com(cid:173)
`panies are developing digitized maps and property photographs as well as full(cid:173)
`motion property tours that can be displayed on a screen and viewed by clients as
`they make travel decisions.
`Experimentation with verbal recognition/ synthesis technology (talking com(cid:173)
`puters) is promising and may significantly affect hotel reservation modules in the
`near future. Research is presently being conducted that requires users to possess a
`touch-tone telephone, a headset, and a display screen. The reservations program
`generates a series of cues on the screen to which the potential customer responds by
`pushing designated buttons on the telephone or speaking into the mouthpiece of
`the headset. The computer acknowledges the user's input and may generate an
`additional series of cues. Although these computer programs presently use and un(cid:173)
`derstand only a limited vocabulary, the future looks bright for this application.
`
`Reservations Through the Internet
`
`Many airlines, hotel companies, and car rental firms offer online reservation ser(cid:173)
`vices through their Web sites. This enables travelers from many different market
`segments to use their personal computers to book flights, reserve hotel rooms, and
`select rental cars. Vacation travelers, business travelers, corporate travel offices, in(cid:173)
`ternational visitors-all are able to use the World Wide Web to arrange for their
`own travel and accommodation needs. The variety of potential guests accessing
`Web sites to place reservations has prompted travel and hospitality companies to
`develop simple, user-friendly reservation procedures.
`Exhibit 8 presents a series of screens that walk prospective guests through the
`process of reserving rooms from the international Web site of Holiday Inns, Inc.
`(http:/ / www.res.holiday-inn.com). In this particular reservations process, users
`first identify the area of world relevant to their travel needs and then narrow down
`their destination, first by country and then by city. The city screen provides a listing
`and description of hotels. After selecting a hotel, users input the necessary reserva(cid:173)
`tion information. They can guarantee their reservations by providing personal or
`corporate credit card data.
`The degree of privacy and security of financial transactions over the Internet
`has prompted concern, and, in many cases, this concern has limited the volume of
`Internet commerce. Security procedures exist today and will become even more so(cid:173)
`phisticated in the future. When users access online reservation systems, Web
`browsers generally provide a security alert similar to the following:
`
`You have requested a secure document. The document and any information you
`send back are encrypted for privacy while in transit. For more information on se(cid:173)
`curity choose Document from the View menu.
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`104 Chapter 4
`
`Exhibit 8 Holiday Inns, Inc., Online Reservation Screens (http:/ /www.res.
`holiday-inn.com)
`
`- -
`
`Make A Reservation
`,
`~»- ~
`Where would you like to go?
`
`~---
`
`'
`
`'
`
`---- ~--
`
`Mh-
`
`Select a location from the flags or the links below:
`
`• CANADA
`
`WORLD
`
`You may make an unsecure reservation ifyou wish to.
`
`Which Country Would You Like To Go To?
`
`You May Select A Location From The List Of Countries Below
`
`Find your Holiday Inn hotel by choosing the city you wish to visit, the highway on your travel route, or
`the attraction you wish to stay near (u.mally only one hotel per atlraction is listed) .
`
`• Select by City
`
`Select by Highway
`
`Select by Attraction
`
`Ji
`•Airlglelnltlilnlaiiiiiiiiiiii .. M
`,.Aruba
`Aus t ria
`Bahrain
`Belgium
`Brazil
`Caribbean
`Cayman Islands
`Chile
`
`Select a country and press :
`SEARCH COUNTRY
`
`Clicking on the "View" function from the browser's toolbar activates a drop-down
`menu that includes "Document Information" as a selection choice. Clicking on this
`function provides security information about the document in question.
`In addition to providing a user-friendly reservations process and securing
`transactions, online systems also perform important marketing functions for the
`hospitality company. Reservation features of many Web sites enable users to access
`
`--
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Computer-Based Reservation Systems 105
`
`Exhibit 8
`
`(continued)
`
`We make your trip easy.
`[AUSTRALIA]
`
`Choose a City you would like to visit:
`
`ADELAIDE
`CAIRNS
`DARWIN
`HAMILTON ISLAND
`MELBOURNE
`PERTH
`
`TERR I GAL
`
`l
`
`~----S_e_a_r_c_h ___ f_o_r __ h_o_t __ e_l_s ____ l I Reset
`
`Your Hotel Selections
`
`We have 2 hotel(s) in the atea you have selected:
`
`SYDNEY -COOGEE BEACH, AUSTRALIA
`
`242 ARDEN ST
`SYDNEY COOGEE
`AUSTRALIA
`2034
`61-2-315-7600
`61 - 2-315 - 9100
`
`Address
`
`Phone No
`Fax No
`
`Features of this hotel:
`
`• Whirlpool
`• Suites Available
`• Near A Beach
`
`Earliest check-in time -
`Check-out time
`Nearest downtown
`Distance from downtown -
`Nearest airport
`Distance from airport
`
`-
`
`2 PM
`NOON
`DOWNTOWN SYDNEY CBD
`9 MI
`SYDNEY INTL AIRPORT
`6 MI
`
`Check Availability
`
`-
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`106 Chapter 4
`
`Exhibit 8
`
`(continued)
`
`What Are Your A ailability Requirements?
`
`DNEY-COOGEEBEACH AU TRALJA
`l,ln H
`
`(Only 0 I 1l!h bi MWRJ"' booki•-,g jy a1/u.•'ed1
`'I
`11111her Oflllglll!l: • I
`2
`$
`j
`(l
`,-
`Numbet or mot••~·
`l
`;;:
`1
`4
`N11nober oh . .duii!IL • I
`4
`~
`J
`Room Pn::fel'l!iloXc
`• , Oo J:loloilnj;
`Smo DB
`
`6
`
`7
`
`7
`
`8
`
`q
`
`10
`
`You rna · optionall ' enter a Prionty Club nunJber and one of the
`following two:
`
`(\'alid:lD will be quir d at time or he:o.:k·ln
`
`Pnority Dub Membef
`
`· ~, nmbc:
`
`W orid\I!Nle
`
`qJOrate
`
`o;;cOWll
`
`A.lumnl M!!lme Traveltw" 1'"1 O!!J'llnl
`
`[__ Check Availability
`
`Boo
`
`our Room Online
`
`Booking Inform tion
`
`JLo•_el !:iol act.ad
`
`'""""
`l:v<>h
`ot oa~"'
`lf
`.R.u~, •\r...,
`t;tr:eoce
`It IJIDba.t. 0 r oun..
`~~e= ot adul~a
`
`1 ~--C'CXlttE! .BEAC!I , IIIJ.S'liiJ;l;U.
`1 Dec-...., ~~
`r 1
`
`Rate and v Ha.billty Details
`
`'Ral<d q11o 1 rd for l penon DO 1 Ad{ (
`
`ll TRALlo\ 1 per room IO In diidrd.
`
`A.ll~ i obl .. .RoaD T"f'l*• '
`"Yfl• o• i1
`•
`ttlfG L[;f5iJRE
`-
`llBL B-0!!
`-:::BD POOr.n T r~t~;
`;lED '\It
`
`? -P
`.Z.I"rl.,..
`-lrt 00
`L . 00
`2 (j:, _ co
`~~~. C{l
`
`Elihu ·pt..,onh} ' 1Lorgt:l5 00 DOt.f.AR ji\US !lALlA) for ~1: 6o<~li!JV!!• ~pel
`l'er~o~ I \land u11de1 L!o J ~
`f bill ClltoU!IkiJ ~nor IO 6p111 OOlellune OD ~~~ I I Of )'UIII cre<f t:lll d will
`Cllli eii1Uin" l'oli M
`be bllled lor 1 , ·grlll.
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Computer-Based Reservation Systems 107
`
`Exhibit 8
`
`(co ntinued)
`
`Please enter the following information
`
`First Name
`
`Last Name
`
`Address(Apt/Home/Street):
`
`City
`
`District/ State/Province
`
`Zip/Postal Code
`
`Country
`
`Phone Number
`
`Please choose Guarantee Method:
`
`Guarantee to Travel Agency
`
`Travel Agency lATA/ARC Number
`
`• American Express
`Master Card
`Carte Blanche
`Air Canada
`
`Visa
`Diners Club
`Discover
`JCB Card
`
`Credit card #
`Expiration date ~~1997 ,,,
`
`To make the Booking click ========-> I Book
`To clear what you ent ered click ==.:o::> I Reset
`
`J You can also call 1-800-HOLIDAY if you are calling from the US, Canada, Puerto Rico or the
`US Virgin Islands. Elsewhere, call your nearest Holiday Inn Reservation Office.
`
`detailed pictures of individual hotels. Some enable users to download multimedia
`presentations of the features and benefits of the hotel chain and of individual
`hotels-complete with a "walk through" of the property and a detailed look inside
`the various types of rooms and services offered .
`
`. . Key Terms
`affiliate reservation system-A hotel chain's reservation system in which all par(cid:173)
`ticipating properties are contractually related. Each property is represented in the
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`168 Chapter 7
`
`Wireless Terminals
`Wireless order-entry terminals are revolutionizing POS technology. When these
`terminals are small enough to hold in one's hand, they are called hand-held termi(cid:173)
`nals (HHTs). When they are as large as the size of a normal terminal keyboard,
`they are called portable server terminals. These devices perform most of the func(cid:173)
`tions of a precheck terminal. Wireless technology can be a major advantage for
`large establishments with drive-through facilities, long distances between service
`stations, outdoor dining areas, or very busy lounges where it is difficult to reach a
`precheck terminal. In any establishment, service may be quicker because servers
`do not have to wait to use a precheck terminal during peak business periods and
`orders can be entered at tableside.
`Two-way communications not only allow a server to include special instruc(cid:173)
`tions, such as "no salt" or "medium rare" as part of an order, but also can immedi(cid:173)
`ately alert a server if an item is out of stock. Typically, when an order is ready for
`pick-up, the server receives a signal on the hand-held unit. In some cases, appetiz(cid:173)
`ers and drinks may be ready just seconds after a server has finished entering the
`orders and left the table.
`Since all items must be entered through the server's hand-held unit, the fre(cid:173)
`quent problem of coffee or desserts inadvertently left off guest checks can be elimi(cid:173)
`nated. Some units enable managers to monitor service through their own
`hand-held devices.
`Exhibit 3 diagrams one type of hardware configuration for hand-held server
`terminals. The hand-held units have low-frequency FM radio transmitters and re(cid:173)
`ceivers. As orders are entered at the guest's table, analog signals are sent to antenna
`units located within the dining area. These antenna units relay the analog signals to
`a radio base station where a modem converts the analog signals into digital signals
`that are cabled to the restaurant computer system processing unit. From the restau(cid:173)
`rant computer processing unit, signals are relayed to remote work station printers
`or kitchen monitors.
`Up to four antenna units may be connected to one radio base station. Before
`installation, a site survey should be conducted to determine the optimum locations
`for each antenna unit. The amount and location of metal structures in a restaurant
`are important installation concerns. Generally, each antenna unit requires separate
`cabling to the radio base station.
`A charged battery pack powers each hand-held server terminal. Fully charged,
`these battery packs may last for eight hours. It is recommended that two fully
`charged battery packs be available for each hand-held unit.
`
`POS Printers
`
`Cashier terminal printers are sometimes described as either on-board or remote
`printing devices. On-board printing devices are normally located within six feet of
`the terminal that they serve. These devices include guest check printers and receipt
`printers. Remote printing devices include work station printers and journal printers
`that are located more than six feet from the terminal that they support. These print(cid:173)
`ing devices require separate cabling.
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Exhibit 3 Hardware Configuration for Hand-Held Server Terminals
`
`Food and Beverage Applications- SeJTi(·e 169
`
`Hand-Held Server Terminals
`
`'-
`\___ \__
`
`-.____./
`
`'---./
`
`_)
`
`__;
`J
`
`___) 0
`"-.____/ ~ ~ ~
`
`0
`
`Antenna
`Unit
`
`Antenna
`Unit
`
`Antenna
`Unit
`
`Antenna
`Unit
`
`Central Processing Unit
`
`Work Station Devices
`
`One of the most important peripheral devices in a POS system with remote work
`station devices is the printer controller, also called a network controller. A printer con(cid:173)
`troller coordinates communications between cashier or precheck terminals and work
`station printers or remote monitors, while ensuring that servers need only enter their
`orders once. Exhibit 4 diagrams the function of a printer controller.
`When several precheck terminals send data to the same work station printer or
`remote monitor simultaneously, the printer controller processes data from one of the
`terminals immediately and temporarily stores (buffers) other communications until
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Selecting and Implementing Computer Systems 285
`
`• Billing statements
`•
`Payroll checks
`
`It is important that management give early attention to this area of computer
`system design. If management waits too long, it could lose control of the situation.
`When this happens, the capabilities of the computer system control management's
`preferences, rather than management's preferences controlling the capabilities of
`the computer system.
`
`Determining the Hardware Configuration
`Hardware configuration refers to the design and layout of the hardware compo(cid:173)
`nents of a computer system. The size of a hospitality operation and the number of
`departments needing access to the computer system are significant factors in
`selecting the appropriate configuration of hardware components.
`A very small hospitality operation may find that a single workstation with a
`personal computer (PC) is sufficient to meet the needs of its limited number of us(cid:173)
`ers. This workstation would be a complete system with input/ output units, a single
`CPU, and external storage capability.
`Other hospitality operations may have a number of user groups from different
`departments that need access to the computer system. They can avoid spending un(cid:173)
`necessary funds on computer equipment by selecting the particular configuration
`of hardware components that best meets the needs of their operations. In many
`cases, it is possible for users to share output devices (such as printers and external
`storage facilities) or the internal memory and processing capability of a central
`processing unit.
`The advantages and disadvantages of each configuration should be consid(cid:173)
`ered before purchasing a computer system. The major differences among the vari(cid:173)
`ous configurations are speed and cost. The CPU is the most expensive component
`in a computer system; therefore, the more CPUs a configuration requires, the great(cid:173)
`er its cost will be. The tradeoff in configuring a number of CPUs, however, is that
`the closer the CPU is to the II 0 devices, and the fewer II 0 devices making
`demands on the CPU, the faster tq.e computer system will seem to operate.
`
`Stand-Alone Configuration
`A stand-alone hardware configuration creates self-sufficient workstations, each
`with a complete set of the same hardware components. The presence of many indi(cid:173)
`vidual computers at different locations limits communication to sharing data by ex(cid:173)
`changing external storage media (disks). Exhibit 5 diagrams a stand-alone hardware
`configuration. The duplication of hardware components makes this a relatively
`expensive hardware configuration.
`
`Local Area Networks (LAN)
`A local area network (LAN) is a configuration of workstations that enables users
`to share data, programs, and output devices (such as printers). Data sharing facili(cid:173)
`tates system wide communications, and program sharing enables users to access
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`286 Chapter lJ
`
`Exhibit 5
`
`Stand-Alone Hardware Configuration
`
`Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`infrequently used programs without the loss of speed or memory capacity that
`would result from the installation of those programs on their machines. From an
`economic perspective, device sharing is perhaps the most important benefit de(cid:173)
`rived from networking. Expensive peripheral devices, such as high capacity stor(cid:173)
`age devices and color laser printers, are available to all workstations cabled within
`the network.
`While there are many different types of networks, a client -server network links
`a single powerful computer (the server, sometimes referred to as a file server) to
`several (dozens or even hundreds) less powerful computers (the clients). The server
`controls the flow of information along the network. It can also be used to establish a
`gateway to other computer networks beyond the office environment. Clients access
`a variety of programs loaded in the server and draw upon the server's processing
`power to perform tasks more quickly and more efficiently than if they operated in a
`stand-alone fashion. For example, the transfer of sales data from a food and bever(cid:173)
`age POS system to a LAN allows for detailed analysis of the data without affecting
`the ongoing operation and speed of the POS system. Timely management reports
`can be processed without disrupting the speed and quality of service to members
`dining throughout the property. Exhibit 6 diagrams the components of a typical lo(cid:173)
`cal area network. The network operating system (NOS) of a LAN often supports
`email capability among the configured workstations.
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`Selecting and Implementing Computer Systems 287
`
`Exhibit 6
`
`Local Area Network (LAN) Diagram
`
`Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`Portable Workstation
`
`Workstation
`
`lntranets Through the Internet
`While the Internet is not usually described as a computer hardware configuration, its
`impact on configurations and networks has been, and will continue to be, important.
`The Internet is an affiliation of tens of thousands of private, commercial, educational,
`and government-supported computer networks around the world. Likened to an in(cid:173)
`terstate road system, the Internet is a network of networks, connecting an ever-grow(cid:173)
`ing number of regional sites to an international superhighway of communications and
`information.
`An intranet uses Internet technology to create a private network that forms a
`single company-wide information system. While internal users of the intranet can
`move beyond the system to the Internet at large, Internet users outside the compa(cid:173)
`ny can be prevented from accessing the company's intranet information system.
`Specific hardware and software can be used to create a "firewall" around an intra(cid:173)
`net that prevents external users (and some internal users as well) from accessing
`
`Apple Inc. Exhibit 1033
`
`

`
`288 Chapter 11
`
`sensitive company data or shared project files of work groups. As the intranet of a
`very large company connects many different and independent LANs, the intranet
`becomes very similar to the Internet-but now as a private network of networks.
`Two of the major challenges facing current and future intranet development
`are seamless connectivity and security. Intranets must successfully integrate vari(cid:173)
`ous network operating systems used by the different LANs within the company.
`This can become a considerable challenge, especially if older networks maintain
`important data needed throughout the company.
`
`Proposals from Vendors
`After translating information needs into computer system requirements, manage(cid:173)
`ment is ready to request proposals from vendors. A request for proposal (RFP) is
`typically made up of three major sections. The first section tells the vendor about
`management's business operations; the second section establishes bidding require(cid:173)
`ments for vendor proposals; and the third section deals specifically with user
`application requirements.
`This first section of the RFP should contain an overview of the hospitality busi(cid:173)
`ness, list objectives and broad operational requirements for the computer system,
`and briefly explain the vendor's future responsibilities. This overview