TRADING TECH EXHIBIT 2039
`IBG ET AL. v. TRADING TECH
`CBM2015-00181
`
`

`
`.
`. The
`Amencan Her1tage®
`College Dictionary
`
`FOURTH EDITION
`
`43%
`
`Hou
`
`on Mifflin Company
`05 on ° New York
`
`

`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their
`usage. Words that are known to have current trademark
`registrations are shown with an initial capital and are also
`identified as trademarks. No investigation has been made
`of common-law trademark rights in any word. because
`such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however. an expression of
`the Publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to
`proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary
`is to be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage‘? and the eagle logo are registered trade-
`marks of Forbes inc. Their use is pursuant to a license
`agreement with Forbes inc.
`
`Copyright © 2002 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights
`reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in
`any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
`including photocopying and recording. or by any infomta-
`tion storage or retrieval system without the prior written
`permission of Houghton Mifflin Company unless such
`copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law.
`Address inquiries to Reference Permissions. Houghton
`Mifflin Company. 222 Berkeley Street. Boston. MA 02116.
`
`Visit our website: www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com
`
`The American Heritage college dictionary.» 4th ed.
`p.crn.
`
`Based on the fourth ed. of the American Heritage
`dictionary.
`ISBN 0-6l8-09848-B (thumb edge) --
`ISBN 0-618-19604-8 (deluxe binding)
`1. English language--Dictionaries. 2. Americanisms. I
`Houghton Miiflin Company. II. American Heritage
`dictionary.
`
`P131628 A6227 2002
`423--dc2l
`
`2001039826
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`Page 3 of 4
`
`
`

`
`a-weath-or (.1-wérlrfae) adv. To the windward side.
`a-wtlgh (3-wet’) adj. Nuutiml Hanging clear of the bottom. Used
`of an anchor.
`awe-some (ohsam) adj. 1. Inspiring awe: an awesome thunder-
`storm. 2. Expressing awe. 3. Slang Renrarlt-able: outstanding.
`—awe/some-ly adv. —aweIsome-ness n.
`awe-struck (6’str'ill(’) also awe-strlelc-en (-strllt’an) Iulj. Full
`of awe.
`aw-ful (o'fal) rrdj. 1. Extremely bad or unpleasant: terrible 2.
`Commanding awe: “this sea. wltuse gently uwjul stirring: seem to
`speak of some hidden soul lIcnenrli" (Herman Melville). 3. Filled
`with awe. esp; 3. Filled with or displaying great revet’ence. b. Ob-
`solete Afraid. 4. Forniidable in nature or extent. 6 adv. Irrfonnnl
`Bxtreiticlyz very. [MB rrwejul, awe-inspiring. blend of awe. awe;
`see AWE. and ‘nyjull. awful (< OE egrfull : cge, dread + «/1411.
`-ml).] —aw'fut-ly adv. —awIful-ness n.
`I -while (9-l’tWil’. 3-will) adv. For a short tinre.
`USAGE N01! Arr-lrrlr, an adverb, is never preceded b .1 picposi
`tion, such as for. but the t\so»word form it while may
`preceded
`by .1 proposition in writing each of the following is acceptable:
`
`stay awhile,‘ stayjpr II I
`'
`ray it while (but not sluyfor awlrile).
`a-whirl (a-hwirrl/. a-wurli) adj. 1. Having a whirling motion:
`spinning: leaves rtwhirl in the wind. 2. Being in a state of excite-
`ment or confusion. —a-whirl’ adv.
`avrk-ward (oldtvarrl) adj. 1. Not graceful; ungainly. 23. Not dex-
`tcrous; clumsy. b. Clumsily or unskillfully performed. 3a. Diffi-
`cult to handle or manage. b. Difficult to effect: uncomfortable:
`rm awksvard pose. 4a. Marked by or causing embzirrussmcrrt or
`discomfort. b. Requiring great tact and skill. [ME awkewnrd. in
`the wrong way 2 itwke. wrong (< ON dfrtgr. backward; scc apo- in
`App.) 1- -ward. -wnrd.| ——awlt'ward-ly adv. —-awldward-ness
`n.
`awl (ol) :1. A pointed tool for making holes. as in wood or leather.
`[lv-ll". mil. prob. blend of OR rel and GE rrwel. fleshlioolc]
`awn (on) n. A slender, bristlelike appendage found on the spike-
`lcts of many grasses. IME rrwrte < ON iign or < OE rtgen; see ak-
`in App.] —awned mlj. —awn'less tltlj.
`awn-lng (5’tllng) n. A rooflike structure. often made of canvas
`or plastic. that serves as a shelter. as over at storefront. window.
`door. or declt. [?]
`I-woke (3~wOk’) v. A past tense of awake.
`I-wok-en (a-wolltanl v. A past participle of awake.
`AWOL or awol (a’wol’) mfj. Absent without leave. ‘Ev n. One who
`is absent without leave.
`rwry lo-rt’) adv. 1. in a position that is turned or twisted toward
`one side; aslzew. 2. Away from the correct course; amiss. See Syns
`at amiss. —a-wry’ adj.
`ax‘ or axe (alts) n., pl. ax-es (llklslzl ‘I. A tool with a bladed head
`mounted crosswise on a handle. used for felling trees or chop-
`ping wood. 2. A similar implement used as a cutting tool or
`weapon. 3. In/urmnl A sudden termination of entplo ment. 4.
`Slang A musical instrument. esp. a guitar. ¢-
`tr. v. axe , axting,
`ax-es 1. To chop or fell with or as if with an ex. 2. lujornml To
`remove ruthlessly or suddenly. —ldlom: ax to grind A selfish or
`ulterior aim. [ME < 05 run]
`ax’ (alts) v. axed, ax-Ing, ax-es Nimsmndard Variant of ask.
`OUR uvruo LANGUAGE /ix. a common nonstandard variant of
`ask. is often identified as an especially salient feature of African
`American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is
`frequent in the speech of African Americans. it used to be com-
`mon in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New
`England. This should not be surprising since axis a very old word
`in English. having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In
`Old English we find both nsriun and awirm. and in Middle Eng-
`lish both rtskett and axe». Moreover, the forms with cs or x had
`no stigma associated with them; Chaucer. for example. used
`mice» and axe»: interchangeably. The forms in x arose from the
`forms in sit by a linguistic process called rnerudresis. in which two
`sounds are reversed The .1 thus represents (ks). the flipped ver-
`sion of (sk). Mctatlicsis is a common linguistic process around
`the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Never-
`theless. ax has become stigmatized as subst:tnclard—a fate that
`has befallen other words, such as ain't. that were once perfectly
`acceptable in literate circles.
`ax. nbbr. 1. axiom 2. axis
`ax-cl (alsfsall n. It jump in figure skating that is initiated from
`the outer forward cslgc of one skate, followed by one and orie-
`half midair turns and a return to the outer backward edge of the
`ater.
`Elie! s’kate. [After Axel Paulsen (1856-1938), Norwegian figure
`Axel Hui-berg (bt'burg') An island of N Nunavut, Canada, in
`the Arctic Ocean W of Ellesmere l.
`Ax'cl'rod (ildsal-rod’). Jullus b. 1912. Amer. biochemist who
`shared a I970 Nobel Prize.
`Itxen ' lc (3-zen/lk, A-zelnikl adj. Not contaminated by or associ-
`ated with any other living organisms. Usu. used of cultures of mi-
`croorganisms. [/t—' + Gk. xenilras, foreign (< xeuos, stranger; see
`ghos-tl- in App.).] —a'xen'i-cal°ly adv.
`ax-es‘ (tkIsez') n. Plural of axis.
`
`axms‘ (5l<’sizl n. Plural of ax‘.
`ax-l-al (3lk'se-al) ml)’. 1. Relating to. characterized by, or form‘
`an axis. 1. Located on. around. or in the direction of an ax,-E
`—ax'l-alll-ty (-ilit-tel rt —ax'l-at-ly adv.
`axial skeleton It. The bones constituting the head and trunk at
`a vertebrate body.
`ax-ll (oldsll) u. The upper angle between a lateral organ. such as
`a lcafstalk. and the stern that hears it. [Lut. rrxillir. armpit.)
`ax ' Ila (ak'sIl) adj. Situated along the central axis of an ova ry ha,‘
`ing two or more locules: axile plaremation. lA)t(lS) + —ll.E'.|
`axtll-la (tilt-sllb) 7t.. pl. -ll-lae l-stile) 1. The armpit. 2. A bad
`part analogous to the armpit, such as the hollow under a bird
`win
`[lat.]
`IX'lF;ll7 (iilt-sil’ar, ikfsa-lat‘) or axoil-lar~y (éklso-lér'c) n., pl
`axlllars or -les One of the feathers in the axilla of a bird’s wing:
`ax-ll-lar-y (ilk’sa-lét'é) adj. I. Amtrorny Of, relating to, or I...
`cated near the axilla. 2. Botany Of. relating to, or located in an
`axil.
`axillary bud u. A lateral bud.
`ax-l-ol-o-gy (5k’se-olla-je) n. The study of the nature of value,
`and value judgments. [Gk. curios. worth; see ag- in App. +—l0r;y_)
`—-ax’!-o-log'l-cal (-3-l5l'l-kill adj. —ax’i-ovlog'i°cal-ly adv.
`—ax’l-alto-gist n.
`ax-l-om (iklse-am) n. 1. A sell—cvident or universally tecognizcd
`truth. 2. An established rule. principle, or law. 3. A principle thar
`is accepted as true without proof as the basis for argument; a pm.
`tulate. [Mli < Olir. axirtme < Lat.a.ri0mi1, rr.xt'0mirt- < Gk. < rrxio;_
`worthy. See ag- in Appl —ax'.i-o-mattic (-a-matllkl. ax'i-9.
`mat’i-cal (-t-ltal) adj. —-ax'l-o-matll-cal-ly rtdv.
`ax-l-on (ikfsé-on’) M. A hypothetical boson having no charge og
`spin and small mass. proposed to explain the existence of certain
`symmetries of the strong nuclear force. liutt(.tL) + —0N‘.|
`an-ls taklsls) tl.. pl. ax-es (ak’sez') 1. A straight line about which
`a body or geometric object rotates or may be conceived to rotate.
`2. Mntlremrtlirs a. A line serving to orient A geometric object, esp.
`in line about which the object is symmetric. b. A reference llm
`along which coordinates are measured. 3. A center litre to which
`parts of a structure or body may be referred. 4. An imaginary line
`to which elements of a work of art are referred for rncasureiuent
`or symmetry. 5. Anatomy 3. The second cervical vertebra. b. Any
`of various central structures, such as the spinal column or stan-
`dard abstract lines used as a positional referent. 6. Botany The
`main stem or central part about which plant parts are amingetl.
`7. One of three mutually perpendicular lines that define the ori-
`entation of an aircraft. 8. A line through the optical center of a
`lens that is perpendicular to both its surfaces. 9. One of three or
`four imaginary lines used to define the faces of a crystal. 10a. An
`alliance of powers, such as nations, to promote mutual interests
`and policies. I). Axls The alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936,
`later including [apart and other nations, that opposed the Allies
`in World War ll. [ME < [at]
`all: deer n. A deer (Axis axis) of central Asia having a brown coat
`with white spots. [l.at. rt.\'is, 2 spotted Indian qr.radruped.l
`Ix°l-syrn-meterlc (ak'se-st-métfrlk) also ax-I-sym-rnet-vb
`cal (-rl-kal) adj. Having symmetry around an axis. —ax’lvsym-
`rnetlrl-cal-Iy adv. —ax't-symflne-try n.
`ax-le (ikfsal) ll. 1. A supporting shaft or member on or with
`which a wheel or a set of wheels revolves. 2a. The spindle of an
`axletree. b. Either end of an axletree. [ME axel < ON t'1xull.]
`no le -tree (aklsal-ti-e’) n. A crossbar or rod supporting a vehicle.
`such as a cart, that has terminal spindles on which the wheels rc-
`volve. [Blend of ME rtxel, axle; see AXLE. and ME axtre. axletree
`(ax < OE tax + tre, tree; see TllEE.).]
`ax-man (filtsfmonl rt. 1. One who wields an air. 2. Slang One as-
`signed to perform a task involving ruthless reduction. as of a
`work force.
`Ax-mln-Stet‘ (aks/mln’stor) U. A carpet with stiff backing and 1
`soft, colorful cut pile usu. arranged in a complex pattern. [After
`Axminster. a town of southwest England.[
`ax-o-lotl (aids:-lot’ l) :1. Any of several salamanders of the genus
`/lnrlaystonm, native to Mexico and the wcstem United States, that
`become sexually mature without undergoing metamorphosis.
`[Nahuatl.]
`ax-on (-’tk'son') also ax-one (-son') in. The process of a nerve
`fiber that conducts impulses away from the body of the nerve
`cell. lGlt. axon. axis.) —axIon-al (ik'sa—nal, ak-sonlal) adj.
`Ix-o-name (ildsa-nem') rt. 1. The bundle of fibrils that consti-
`tutes the ccntral core of a cilium or flagellum. 2. The axial thread
`of a chromosome. [Gk. axon, axis 1- mum. thread; see (s)ne- in
`App.) —ax'o-nefrnal adj.
`axvovno-met-rlc (aids;-no—mét’rllt) adj. Of or relating to a
`projection in which an object is drawn with its horizontal and
`vertical axes to scale but with its curved lines and diagonals dis-
`torted. [< rrxonomerry : Gk. axon, axis + -Merritt.)
`ax°o-plum (aklsa-pliz’am) n. The cytoplasm of an axon. [Gk-
`axon + —PLASM.] —ax’o-
`lasimle (-plizlmlk) adj‘.
`Ax-um lflldsdbm‘) See A sum.
`my‘ (1) intetj. Used before me to express distress or regret.
`ay’ (I) n. & adv. Variant of aye‘.
`ay' (a) adv. Variant of aye’.
`u-yah (iiya, 6'3, 1'3) It. A native maid or nursemaid in India.
`
`niitrlngir I
`
` we-aye :
`
`100
`
`aweather
`
`ayah
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 4