UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION, TD AMERITRADE, INC., and
`TD AMERITRADE ONLINE HOLDINGS CORP.,
`Petitioners
`
`v.
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`
`
`TRADING TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
`Patent Owner
`____________________
`
`Case CBM2014-00131
`Patent 7,533,056
`____________________
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`
`PETITIONERS’ REPLY
`TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`
`Mail Stop “PATENT BOARD”
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent & Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
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`I. 
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`II. 
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Table of Contents
`
`Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 
`
`TT’s claims are ineligible for patenting .......................................................... 1 
`
`A. 
`
`B. 
`
`C. 
`
`D. 
`
`The claims are directed to the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers
`to help a trader make an order (Step 1) ................................................. 3 
`
`The claims do not recite an inventive concept (Step 2) ........................ 5 
`
`The claims preempt the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers to
`assist a trader in making an order .......................................................... 7 
`
`The cases cited by TT do not stand for the proposition that
`overcoming computer problems confers patent eligibility ................... 8 
`
`III.  TT’s claims are obvious ................................................................................ 12 
`
`A. 
`
`The TSE combination teaches receiving a user’s default quantity and
`sending the user’s orders for that quantity .......................................... 12 
`
`1. 
`
`2. 
`
`The Board should construe default quantity to encompass its
`ordinary meaning, which is taught by Togher .......................... 13 
`
`The claims are obvious even under TT’s unreasonably narrow
`construction because it would have been obvious to modify the
`combination to use the last-entered quantity ............................ 15 
`
`B. 
`
`The TSE combination teaches displaying an order icon indicating the
`user’s order as recited in claim 5 ......................................................... 17 
`
`C. 
`
`TT’s remaining arguments are not on the merits ................................ 19 
`
`1. 
`
`2. 
`
`3. 
`
`The evidence of record shows that TSE is a prior-art publication
` ................................................................................................... 19 
`
`TD Ameritrade properly filed affidavits of accuracy supporting
`the TSE translation .................................................................... 21 
`
`The TSE translation is accurate and understandable ................ 23 
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`- i -
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`IV.  The Board has jurisdiction over this proceeding ........................................... 24 
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`V. 
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`Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 25 
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`- ii -
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`Cases 
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`
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Table of Authorities
`
`
`Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Int’l,
`134 S.Ct. 2347 (2014) ............................................................................. 1, 2, 6
`
`Bancorp Servs., LLC v. Sun Life Assurance Co.,
`687 F.3d 1266 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ..................................................................... 10
`
`Bilski v. Kappos,
`561 U.S. 593 (2010)......................................................................................... 6
`
`Bloomberg v. Markets-Alert ,
`CBM2013-00005 (Paper 18, Mar. 29, 2013) ................................................ 25
`
`CyberSource Corp. v. Retail Decisions,
`654 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2011) ....................................................................... 4
`
`DDR Holdings v. Hotels.com,
`773 F.3d 1245 (Fed. Cir. 2014) ....................................................................... 9
`
`Digitech Image Techs. v. Electronics for Imaging,
`758 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2014) ....................................................................... 6
`
`Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Servs., Inc.,
`545 U.S. 546 (2005)....................................................................................... 25
`
`Handiquilter v. Bernina Int’l,
`IPR2013-00364 (Paper 10, Sep. 13, 2013) .................................................... 22
`
`In re Acad. Sci. Tech. Center,
`367 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2004) ..................................................................... 13
`
`In re Mouttet,
`686 F.3d 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ..................................................................... 16
`
`Int’l Sec. Exch. v. Chicago Bd. Options Exch.,
`CBM2013-00049 (Paper 53, Mar. 2, 2015) .................................................... 6
`
`Intellectual Ventures I v. Mfrs. & Traders Trust Co.,
`2014 WL 7215193 (D. Del. Dec. 18, 2014) .................................................. 11
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
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`Intellectual Ventures v. Capital One Financial Corp.,
`2014 WL 1513273 (E.D. Va. Apr. 16, 2014) ................................................ 11
`
`Mayo Collaborative Svcs. v. Prometheus Labs.,
`132 S. Ct. 1289 (2012) .................................................................................2, 8
`
`Medtronic v. Nuvasive,
`IPR2014-00074 (Paper 14, Apr. 1, 2014) ...................................................... 22
`
`Mendenhall v. Cedarapids, Inc.,
`5 F.3d 1557 (Fed. Cir. 1993) ......................................................................... 20
`
`OpenTV, Inc. v. Netflix Inc.,
`2014 WL 7185921 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 16, 2014) .............................................. 12
`
`SMC v. DSS Tech. Mgmt,
`IPR2014-01030 (Paper 11, Feb. 3, 2015) ...................................................... 22
`
`Stevenson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.,
`713 F.2d 705 (Fed. Cir. 1983) ....................................................................... 20
`
`Toyota Motor Corp. v. Am. Vehicular Sci.,
`IPR2013-00417 (Paper 13, Dec. 5, 2013) ..................................................... 22
`
`Ultramercial v. Hulu,
`772 F.3d 709 (Fed. Cir. 2014) .................................................................. 2, 10
`
`Zhongshan Broad Ocean v. Nidec Motor,
`IPR2014-01121 (Paper 20, Jan. 21, 2015) .................................................... 21
`
`Statutes 
`
`35 U.S.C. § 101 ................................................................................................... 3, 25
`
`35 U.S.C. § 103 ........................................................................................................ 25
`
`Rules 
`
`37 C.F.R. § 104(c) .................................................................................................... 21
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.300(b) .............................................................................................. 13
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.63(b) ................................................................................................ 21
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`- iv -
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`Other Authorities 
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
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`79 Fed. Reg. 74618 (Dec. 16, 2014) .......................................................................... 7
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`- v -
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`Exh. No.
`1001
`1002
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`1003
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`1004
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`1005
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`1006
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`1007
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`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`1014
`1015
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`1016
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`1017
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`Exhibit List
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Description
`U.S. Patent No. 7,533,056 to Friesen et al. (“’056 patent”)
`File History of Application Ser. No. 11/417,544, which became the
`’056 patent, as filed and obtained from PAIR (“’056 Patent File
`History” or “File History”)
`“Futures/Option Purchasing System Trading Terminal Operation
`Guide,” Tokyo Stock Exchange (“TSE JP”)
`Certified Translation of “Futures/Option Purchasing System Trading
`Terminal Operation Guide” (“TSE”)
`Certificate of Translation for “Futures/Option Purchasing System
`Trading Terminal Operation Guide” (“TSE Certificate” or “1st
`O’Connell Decl.”)
`Memorandum from James M. Hilmert to eSpeed file regarding
`direct examination of TSE’s 30(b)(6) witness, dated December 5,
`2005 (“Depo. Letter”)
`Deposition Transcript of Atsushi Kawashima, Trading Technologies
`International, Inc., v. eSPEED, Inc., Case No. 04-cv-5312, United
`States District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division,
`dated November 21, 2005 (“Depo. Transcript”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,375,055 to Togher et al. (“Togher”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,619,631 to Schott (“Schott”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,136,501 to Silverman et al. (“Silverman”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,414,809 to Hogan et al. (“Hogan”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,297,031 to Gutterman et al. (“Gutterman”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,454,104 to Steidlmayer et al. (“Steidlmayer”)
`Reuters Globex User Guide, June 1995 (“Globex”)
`Alan Cooper, “About Face: The Essentials of User Interface
`Design,” First Edition, 1995. (“Cooper”)
`Edward R. Tufte, “The Visual Display of Quantitative Information,”
`1983 (“Tufte VDQI”)
`Edward R. Tufte, “Envisioning Information,” Third Edition,
`- vi -
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`

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`Exh. No.
`
`1018
`
`1019
`
`1020
`1021
`
`1022
`
`1023
`
`1024
`
`1025
`
`1026
`
`1027
`
`1028
`
`1029
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Description
`December 1992 (“Tufte EI”)
`Ben Shneiderman, “Designing the User Interface: Strategies for
`Effective Human-Computer Interaction,” Third Edition, 1998
`(“Shneiderman”)
`Sunny J. Harris, “Trading 101 – How to Trade Like a Pro,” 1996
`(“Harris”)
`Robert Deel, “The Strategic Electronic Day Trader,” 2000 (“Deel”)
`Sun Microsystems, Inc., “Open Look™ Graphical User Interface
`Functional Specification,” November 1989 (“Open Look”)
`Valerie Quercia et al., “X Window System User’s Guide,”
`OSF/Motif 1.2 Edition, The Definitive Guides to the X Window
`System, Vol. 3, August 1993 (“Quercia”)
`Richard W. Afrms Jr., “Profits in Volume - Equivolume Charting,”
`1975 (“Arms”)
`Definition of “default,” The Computer Glossary, Fifth Edition, 1991
`page 175. (“Computer Glossary”)
`Definition of “default,” The Illustrated Dictionary of
`Microcomputers, Third Edition, 1990, page 90. (“Illustrated
`Dictionary”)
`Definition of “default,” Webster’s New World College Dictionary,
`Fourth Edition, 2007, page 378. (“Webster’s”)
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 2002, pages 102,
`150, 174, 176, and 348 (“Microsoft Computer Dictionary”)
`Defendants’ Memorandum of Law In Support of Joint Motion for
`Summary Judgment That the ’056 Patent is Invalid Under 35 U.S.C.
`§ 112 ¶ 1 for Lack of Written Description, Trading Technologies
`International, Inc. v. BGC Partners, Inc., Case No. 1:10-cv-00715,
`United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
`Eastern Division, filed August 15, 2011 (“SJ Motion”)
`Trading Technologies International Inc.’s (1) Opposition to
`Defendants’ Joint Motion for Summary Judgment That the ’056
`Patent is Invalid Under 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 1 for Lack of Written
`Description and (2) Cross Motion for Summary Judgment That the
`
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`Exh. No.
`
`1030
`
`1031
`
`1032
`1033
`1034
`
`1035
`1036
`1037
`1038
`1039
`1040
`1041
`1042
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`1043
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`1044
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`1045
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Description
`’056 Patent Meets the Written Description Requirement Set Forth in
`35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶ 1, Trading Technologies International, Inc. v.
`BGC Partners, Inc., Case No. 1:10-cv-00715, United States District
`Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, filed
`September 14, 2011 (“SJ Opposition”)
`Memorandum Opinion and Order, Trading Technologies
`International, Inc. v. BGC Partners, Inc., Case No. 1:10-cv-00715,
`United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois,
`Eastern Division, filed February 9, 2012 (“SJ Opinion”)
`Vernon L. Smith, “An Experimental Study of Competitive Market
`Behavior,” The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. LXX, No. 2,
`April 1962 (“Smith”)
`Declaration of Kendyl A. Román (“Román Decl.”)
`Curriculum Vitae of Kendyl A. Román (“Román CV”)
`List of Materials Considered by Kendyl A. Román (“Román List of
`Materials”)
`Official Transcript of Conference Call held January 20, 2015
`Declaration of Ronald E. Skidmore (“Skidmore Decl.”)
`Declaration of Maho Taniguchi-Speller (“Speller Decl.”)
`Declaration of Eiken Hino (“Hino Decl.”)
`Declaration of Akiko Rosenberry (“Rosenberry Decl.”)
`Declaration of Courtney O’Connell (“2nd O’Connell Decl.”)
`April 16, 2015 Hearing Transcript (“Apr. Conf. Call Tr.”)
`Supplemental Declaration of Kendyl A. Román in Support of
`Petitioners’ Reply for Covered Business Method Review of U.S.
`Patent 7,533,056 (“Suppl. Román Decl.”)
`Deposition Transcript of Christopher Thomas held April 28, 2015
`(“Thomas Tr.”)
`Deposition Transcript of Christopher Thomas held August 14, 2007
`(“Thomas eSpeed Tr.”)
`Supplemental Declaration of Richard Hartheimer dated October 21,
`2011 (“Suppl. Hartheimer Decl.”)
`- viii -
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`Exh. No.
`1046
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`1047
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`1048
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`1049
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`1050
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`1051
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`1052
`1053
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`
`Description
`Excerpts of Trial Transcript of Proceedings, Vol. 11-A, Trading
`Tech’s Int’l v. eSpeed Inc., et al. Case No. 04-cv-5312 (N.D. Ill.),
`held September 26, 2007. (“eSpeed Tr. Vol. 11”)
`Excerpts of Trial Transcript of Proceedings, Vol. 12-A, Trading
`Tech’s Int’l v. eSpeed Inc., et al. Case No. 04-cv-5312 (N.D. Ill.),
`held September 27, 2007. (“eSpeed Tr. Vol. 12”)
`Excerpts of Trial Transcript of Proceedings, Vol. 17-A, Trading
`Tech’s Int’l v. eSpeed Inc., et al. Case No. 04-cv-5312 (N.D. Ill.),
`held October 4, 2007. (“eSpeed Tr. Vol. 17”)
`Summary of Facts and Submissions for European Patent No. 1 319
`211, dated September 30, 2010 (“EPO Summary of Facts and
`Submissions”)
`Deposition Transcript of Harold Abilock held April 24, 2015
`(“Abilock Tr.”)
`Proprietor’s Response to Communication Pursuant to Article 101(1)
`and Rule 81(2) to (3) EPC, dated June 14, 2011 (“EPO Response”)
`Deposition Transcript of Richard Hartheimer held April 29, 2015
`Deposition Transcript of Akiko Rosenberry, Vol. II, held February
`17, 2015
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`I.
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`Introduction
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
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`The Board should find all claims ineligible for patenting and obvious over
`
`the prior art. Trading Technologies International’s (“TT”) claims recite the abstract
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`idea of graphing bids and offers to help a trader make an order, which could be
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`performed mentally or with pen-and-paper. The claims recite nothing more than
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`the well understood, routine, and conventional activities of receiving data,
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`displaying it with a computer, and accepting a user’s order and sending it to the
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`exchange. TT concedes that the claims are obvious over the prior art, with the
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`exception of its idiosyncratic definition of default quantity as the user’s last-
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`entered quantity, which is a conventional design practice.
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`II. TT’s claims are ineligible for patenting
`After TD Ameritrade filed its Petition, the Supreme Court established a two-
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`step test for determining patent eligibility of abstract ideas, consistent with its prior
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`Mayo decision. Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Int’l, 134 S.Ct. 2347 (2014). The
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`Court did not “delimit the precise contours of the ‘abstract idea’ category.” Id. at
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`2357. Rather, it set forth a broad framework for determining whether a claim was
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`directed to an abstract idea. The Alice test has now been applied countless times by
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`the courts and the Office.
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`Step one asks whether the patent is directed to one of the three judicial
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`exceptions to patentable subject matter: laws of nature, natural phenomena, and
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`abstract ideas. Id. at 2354-55. The abstract idea category “embodies the
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`
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`longstanding rule that an idea of itself is not patentable.” Id. at 2355.
`
`Step two asks whether the elements of each claim, both individually and as
`
`an ordered combination, recite any significant limitation or “inventive concept”
`
`transforming the abstract idea into a patent-eligible invention. Alice, 134 S. Ct. at
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`2357. A claim must do more than merely state the abstract idea and add the words
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`“apply it.” Id. It must recite “additional features” to ensure that it is “more than a
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`drafting effort designed to monopolize the [abstract idea].” Id. And those
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`“additional features” must be more than “well-understood, routine, conventional
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`activity.” Mayo Collaborative Svcs. v. Prometheus Labs., 132 S. Ct. 1289, 1294
`
`(2012).
`
`Application of the Alice two-step test here leads to one conclusion: TT’s
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`claims are not eligible for patent protection. Claim 1 of the ’056 patent merely
`
`instructs a practitioner to implement the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers to
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`assist a trader in making an order. And merely implementing that abstract idea
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`using well known components (a generic computer), limiting the abstract idea to a
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`particular field of use (trading financial products), or adding insignificant extra-
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`solution activities (data gathering, sending orders, and arranging data) “add[s]
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`nothing of practical significance to the underlying abstract idea.” Ultramercial v.
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`Hulu, 772 F.3d 709, 715-16 (Fed. Cir. 2014). In short, the claims do not transform
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`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`the abstract idea into patent-eligible subject matter. TT does not separately argue
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`
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`the patent eligibility of its dependent claims, so all claims stand or fall under § 101
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`with claim 1.
`
`A. The claims are directed to the abstract idea of graphing bids and
`offers to help a trader make an order (Step 1)
`
`Claim 1 recites a method for displaying transactional information and
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`facilitating trading in a system, the steps including receiving bid and offer
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`information of a product from an electronic exchange, displaying the bid and offer
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`information, receiving a user input indicating a default quantity and price for an
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`order and sending the order to the electronic exchange. Inst. Dec. at 14-15. But the
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`claim does not recite any particular way for performing these steps, and the
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`specification does not disclose any particular algorithms. Id. at 15. The claims are
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`therefore directed to the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers to help a trader
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`formulate an order. Id.; Pet. at 18-20.
`
`TT accuses TD Ameritrade of over-generalizing to “shoehorn the claims into
`
`failing the Alice test,” and dramatically blacks out vast swaths of claim language to
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`illustrate so-called “phantom claims” allegedly created by TD Ameritrade. POR at
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`7-9, 19. But the problem lies with TT’s claims, not TD Ameritrade’s arguments.
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`For example, the blacked-out portion of the “receiving bid and offer information”
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`step (POR at 7-8) does not alter that this is merely a conventional data-gathering
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`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`step requiring nothing more than receiving bid and offer information from an
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`
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`electronic exchange. Similarly, TT’s over-exuberant use of the black marker on the
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`“displaying” steps (id.) does not alter that bids and offers are merely plotted along
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`a price axis. This unpatentable idea is nothing new, and can be done with pen and
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`paper, or even in a trader’s mind. CyberSource Corp. v. Retail Decisions, 654 F.3d
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`1366, 1372 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (unpatentable mental process performed with aid of
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`pen and paper); Suppl. Román Decl. ¶ 3 (Ex. 1042); see also TSE at 0107 (prior-
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`art electronic plot of bids and offers along price axis) (Ex. 1004); Silverman at
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`FIG. 4 (prior-art paper plot of same) (Ex. 1010).
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`TT makes three arguments for why its claims are not directed to an abstract
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`idea. First, TT argues that the claims are directed “to a GUI improvement” rather
`
`than “a trading strategy or trading on a GUI in the abstract.” POR at 18-20. TT
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`merely fashions a straw man and knocks it down. Here, the abstract idea is not “a
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`trading strategy” or “trading on a GUI.” Rather, the abstract idea is graphing bids
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`and offers to facilitate trading, the digital equivalent to a trader manually plotting
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`or mentally visualizing such data. While it might be possible to claim a GUI
`
`improvement that it is not directed to an abstract idea, TT has not done so here.
`
`Second, TT argues that its claimed GUI improvement speeds up the data
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`gathering and display so that the trader may “quickly ascertain the current state of
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`the market.” POR at 3-4. But this simply proves TD Ameritrade’s point: the claim
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`is directed to graphing market data to facilitate trading, not to a technical solution
`
`
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`or improvement. Moreover, the claims do not recite any speed or time limitations.
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`Suppl. Román Decl. ¶ 3. A system that takes hours to display bids and offers,
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`although perhaps unsatisfactory for a user, would still infringe. Id.
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`Third, TT argues that its claims do not recite an abstract idea because the
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`“analog predecessor [to electronic trading], open outcry trading systems, operat[e]
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`in a significantly different fashion.” POR at 19. TT argues against the wrong
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`analog system. The unpatentable abstract idea here is graphing market data, and
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`the analog equivalent is manually plotting or mentally visualizing such data.
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`The claims do not recite an inventive concept (Step 2)
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`B.
`Beyond the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers to facilitate making a
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`trade, the claims recite only the insignificant and conventional extra-solution
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`activities of receiving bid and offer information, receiving an order including a
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`default quantity and a selected price, and sending the order to the exchange to be
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`executed. There is no dispute that the art teaches these well understood, routine,
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`and conventional extra-solution activities.1 The claims do not “offer[] a meaningful
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`limitation beyond generally linking the use of the [method] to a particular
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`1 Even TT’s idiosyncratic definition of default quantity as the user’s last-
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`entered quantity is a conventional design practice. Pet. at 33-34.
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`CBM2014-00131
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,533,056
`technological environment, that is, implementation via computers.” Alice, 134 S.
`
`
`
`Ct. at 2360). And even if the claims recited organizing the data into a particular
`
`arrangement, and they do not, that would insufficient to confer patentability.
`
`Digitech Image Techs. v. Electronics for Imaging, 758 F.3d 1344, 1350-51 (Fed.
`
`Cir. 2014).
`
`TT argues that its claims pass Alice’s step two because “it is clear that the
`
`claims recite an inventive concept, a GUI improvement.” POR at 20. But TT does
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`not identify any particular GUI improvement in the patent’s claims. Instead, TT
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`states that “the PTAB needs only to reference the patent,” which “describes its
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`invention as an improvement to prior GUIs,” and concludes without explanation
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`that “the patent claims that solution.” Id. at 21 (emphasis added). Claim 1 merely
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`instructs the practitioner to implement the abstract idea on a generic computer.
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`This is not enough. Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2359; Int’l Sec. Exch. v. Chicago Bd.
`
`Options Exch., CBM2013-00049, Final Decision at 9 (Paper 53, Mar. 2, 2015)
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`(generic computer limitations do not confer patent eligibility).
`
`TT also argues that TD Ameritrade failed to address the claim steps as a
`
`combination. POR at 20. Not true. In its Petition, TD Ameritrade referred to the
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`two separate proposed combinations of prior art, supported by extensive
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`testimonial and documentary evidence, as showing that the claims recite nothing
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`beyond the abstract idea that could bring them within the realm of patentable
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`subject matter. Pet. at 19-20.
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`C. The claims preempt the abstract idea of graphing bids and offers
`to assist a trader in making an order
`TT seeks to avoid Alice altogether by asserting that there is no preemption
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`concern, relying on guidance provided to examiners. POR at 14 (citing 79 Fed.
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`Reg. 74618, 746[2]5 (Dec. 16, 2014)). In support of its preemption argument, TT
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`offers two examples of allegedly non-infringing alternatives.2
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`As an initial matter, under the guidance TT cites― guidance that does not
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`apply to the Board―the Alice test may be skipped only if patent eligibility is “self-
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`evident.” 79 Fed. Reg. at 74625. For example, the patent eligibility of a “complex
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`manufactured industrial product,” such as a “robotic arm assembly having a
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`control system that operates using certain mathematical relationships,” is
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`considered self-evident. Id. The ’056 patent does not claim a complex
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`manufactured product. It claims a method for graphing market data to facilitate
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`trading. TT cannot avoid Alice.
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`2 The Board should give no weight to TT’s factual assertions that the two
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`products do not infringe. TT provides no evidence, only weak attorney argument
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`and conclusory statements, that they “plainly fall[] outside the scope of the
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`claims.” POR at 14, 17.
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`TT also misconstrues the law regarding preemption. The existence of non-
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`infringing alternatives does not per se render a claim patentable. For example, a
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`field-of-use restriction opens up an entire universe of non-infringing ways to
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`practice an abstract idea, but that is not enough to confer patent eligibility. Mayo,
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`132 S.Ct. at 1300-01. Likewise, adding insignificant post-solution claim steps to an
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`abstract idea may open up non-infringing alternatives, but that does not confer
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`patent eligibility. Id. And here, TT did not show either that the two alleged
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`noninfringing alternatives perform the abstract idea, or, if they perform the abstract
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`idea, that they were not merely missing such insignificant post-solution activity.
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`Claim 1 recites graphing bids and offers to help a trader make an order,
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`using a computer. Alice and its progeny do not allow for such preemption.
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`D. The cases cited by TT do not stand for the proposition that
`overcoming computer problems confers patent eligibility
`Relying primarily on DDR Holdings, TT argues that its claims are
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`“necessarily rooted in computer technology” and solve a problem specifically
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`arising in computers, thus they must be patent eligible. POR at 21-25.
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`TT’s reliance on DDR Holdings is misguided. DDR Holdings does not stand
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`for the broad proposition that claims solving computer problems are necessarily
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`patent-eligible. Indeed, claims for converting binary-coded decimal to binary―as
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`distinctly a computer-rooted problem as any― are not patent eligible. Gottshalk v.
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`Benson, 409 U.S. 63, 71 (1972).
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`The DDR Holdings court carefully limited its opinion to the claims before it,
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`cautioning “that not all claims purporting to address Internet-centric challenges are
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`eligible for patent.” DDR Holdings v. Hotels.com, 773 F.3d 1245, 1258 (Fed. Cir.
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`2014). The claims passed Alice’s step two because they specified “how interactions
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`with the Internet are manipulated to yield a desired result—a result that overrides
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`the routine and conventional sequence of events ordinarily triggered by the click of
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`a hyperlink,” and expressly recited “a specific way to automate the creation of a
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`composite web page.” Id. at 1258-59. In contrast, the claims here do not recite a
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`specific way of doing anything. They do not recite how to receive data, how it is to
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`be displayed (other than along a price axis), how to enter a default quantity, how to
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`select a location along the price axis, or how to send the order for that quantity at
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`that price. To the extent a computer is used in the ’056 patent claims, it is used
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`“only for its most basic function, the performance of repetitive calculations,” such
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`as displaying data and accepting user inputs. Id. at 1256; Suppl. Román Decl. ¶ 4.
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`That is not enough to confer patent eligibility.
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`The claims here are more like those in Ultramercial, which were ineligible
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`because they “broadly and generically” recited using a computer to perform the
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`abstract idea. DDR Holdings, 773 F.3d at 1258-59 (discussing Ultramercial).
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`Although the eleven claim steps in Ultramercial “add[ed] a degree of
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`particularity,” they merely required implementing the abstract idea (advertising as
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`currency) “with routine, conventional activity.” Ultramercial, 772 F.3d at 715-16.
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`TT has not identified any computer problem that it had to overcome. TT
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`alleges that its claims make trading faster and help traders visualize information.
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`POR at 1-3; see also Thomas Tr. at 63 (traders would track inside market “in their
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`head”) (Ex. 1043); Thomas Rep. ¶ 32 (“significantly reduces the mental
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`calculations required by the preexisting systems”) (Ex. 2201). But this is not a
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`computer problem, and “accelerat[ing] an ineligible mental process does not make
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`that process patent-eligible.” Bancorp Servs., LLC v. Sun Life Assurance Co., 687
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`F.3d 1266, 1279 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
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`The other cases TT cites also fail to support TT’s legal arguments. First, TT
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`relies on the CQG case for the propositions that claims directed to GUI
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`improvements necessarily pass Alice’s second step and that a court has already
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`found its claims patentable. POR at 1, 19-21. But that decision looked at different
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`patents, and (incorrectly) concluded that the patents-at-issue passed Alice’s step
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`two because the recited “static price axis,” which does not appear in the claims of
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`the ’056 patent, was an inventive concept. Trading Techs. Int’l. v. CQG, No. 05-
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`cv-4811, slip op. at 10 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 24, 2015) (Ex. 2200).3
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`The claims in Intellectual Ventures survived because they recited “a specific
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`method of customizing web pages.” Intellectual Ventures I v. Mfrs. & Traders
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`Trust Co., No. 13-1274, 2014 WL 7215193 at *9 (D. Del. Dec. 18, 2014); but see
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`Intellectual Ventures v. Capital One Financial Corp., No. 13-cv-0740, 2014 WL
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`1513273 at *3 (E.D. Va. Apr. 16, 2014) (finding those same claims patent-
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`ineligible). Similarly, in Smartflash, the patent claims recited “specific ways of
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`using distinct memories, data types, and use rules that amount to significantly more
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`than the underlying abstract idea.” Smartflash, LLC, et al. v. Apple, Inc., et al., No.
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`6:13-cv-447-JRG, Report and Recommendation at 19 (E.D. TX. Jan. 21, 2015)
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`(Ex. 2210). And in OpenTV, the Court’s summary judgment decision turned on the
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`3 Regardless, a “static price axis” is present on any paper plot, and was a
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`conventional data display feature. TSE at 0107 (electronic static price axis);
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`Silverman at FIG. 4 (paper plot). Also, the CQG decision involved a different
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`patent, a different burden of proof (clear and convincing), a different set of
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`defendants (not including TD Ameritrade), and is not binding on TD Ameritrade or
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`the PTAB. The CQG court also lacked the benefit of the extensive prior art
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`evidence and argument TD Ameritrade has provided to the Board.
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`case’s posture. OpenTV, Inc. v. Netflix Inc., No. 3:14-cv-1525, 2014 WL 7185921
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`at *4 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 16, 2014). The Court had not yet construed the claims, so
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`whether the claims recited an abstract idea remained “a question for another day.”
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`Id. at *10.
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`III. TT’s claims are obvious
`In arguments better suited for a motion to exclude, TT tries (and fails) to rid
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`itself of the TSE reference. But TD Ameritrade established that TSE is prior art,
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`and properly filed an accurate translation with supporting affidavits of accuracy.
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`TD Ameritrade therefore begins its discussion with the merits TT tries so hard to
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`avoid, which are limited to whether the combination teaches receiving a user-input
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`default quantity and sending a subsequent order having that default quantity.
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`A. The TSE combination teaches receiving a user’s default quantity
`and sending the user’s orders for that quantity
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`Claim 1 recites “receiving a user input indicating a default quantity” to be
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`used in later orders, and “sending the order for the default quantity” to the
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`electronic exchange. TT does not dispute that Togher teaches entering and using
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`default quantity. See, e.g., Togher a