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`TO PETITIONER GOOGLE INC.’S
`PETITION FOR COVERED BUSINESS
`METHOD REVIEW OF
`U.S. PATENT NO. 8,794,516
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`THE FIRST TOLL-ROADS
`
`IRELAND'S TURNPIKE ROADS 1729-1858
`
`DAVID BRODERICK
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`6'
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`tj
`
`--(21a-t
`
`The Collins Press
`
`•• (cid:9)
`
`•
`
`Google Exhibit 1024 Page 00001
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`
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`The Collins Press, West Link Park, Doughcloyne, Wilton, Cork
`
`© David Broderick 2002
`
`David Broderick has asserted his right to be identified as author of this book
`
`The material in this publication is protected by copyright law.
`Except as may be permitted by law, no part of the material
`may be reproduced (including by storage in a retrieval system)
`or transmitted in any form or by any means; adapted; rented
`or lent without the written permission of the copyright owners.
`Applications for permissions should be addressed to the publisher.
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication data.
`
`Broderick, David
`The first toll roads: Ireland's turnpike roads 1729-1858
`1.Toll roads - Ireland - History - 18th century 2. Toll
`roads - Ireland - History - 19th century
`I.Title
`388.1'09033
`ISBN 1903464226
`
`This publication has received support from
`the Heritage Council under the 2002 Publications Grant Scheme
`
`ISBN: 1 - 903464 - 22 - 6
`
`Printed in Ireland by Betaprint
`
`Jacket design by Artmark
`
`Page 00002
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`TuRNNKE
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`The exact origin of this word is obscure. The best explanation is that
`given by S. and W. Webb in The Stoty of the King's Highway (London
`1913) 1963 ed., p. 147. They indicate that the word 'turnpike' origi-
`nated from the adoption in earlier times 'of horizontal tapering bands
`of iron or wood suspended on a rigid pillar, around which as an axle,
`they revolved as a means of admitting outsiders to enclosed areas'. In
`other words, the 'turnpike' was a primitive form of turnstile and as the
`tapering bands resembled pikes, this means of access became known as
`a turnpike. Such means of access were used in the defensive walls of
`medieval towns and castles to admit friendly visitors and to keep out
`invaders.
`In any case, by the seventeenth century, the word 'turnpike' came
`to mean a gate across a road, capable of being opened and closed to
`allow vehicles, horses, beasts of burden and cattle to use the length of
`road to which the gate gave access, on payment of a prescribed sum of
`money or toll.
`
`vi
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`Page 00003
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