`Ginter et al.
`
`[54] SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SECURE
`TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT AND
`ELECTRONIC RIGHTS PROTECTION
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Karl L. Ginter, Beltsville; Victor H.
`Shear, Bethesda, both of Md.; Francis
`J. Spahn, El Cerrito; David M. Van
`Wie, Sunnyvale, both of Calif.
`
`[73] Assignee: InterTrust Technologies Corp.,
`Sunnyvale, Calif.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 08/780,393
`
`[22] Filed:
`
`Jan. 8, 1997
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[62] Division of application No. 08/388,107, Feb. 13, 1995,
`abandoned.
`Int. Cl.6
`........................................................ H04L 9/00
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl. ................................... 380/4; 380/21; 380/49;
`395/680; 705/26; 705/400
`[58] Field of Search .................................. 380/3, 4, 5, 21,
`380/49; 395/680, 683; 705/26, 400
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3,573,747
`3,609,697
`
`4/1971 Adams eta!. .
`9/1971 Blevins .
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9 004 79
`0 84 441
`0128672
`A0135422
`0180460
`0 370 146
`0399822A2
`0421409A2
`0 456 386 A2
`
`12/1984
`7/1983
`12/1984
`3/1985
`5/1986
`11/1988
`11/1990
`4/1991
`11/1991
`
`Belgium.
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`European Pat. Off ..
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US005915019A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,915,019
`Jun.22,1999
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Applications Requirements for Innovative Video Program(cid:173)
`ming; How to Foster (or Cripple) Program Development
`Opportunities for Interactive Video Programs Delivered on
`Optical Media; A Challenge for the Introduction of DVD
`(Digital Video Disc) (Oct. 19-20, 1995, Sheraton Universal
`Hotel, Universal City CA).
`Arneke, David, et al., News Release, AT&T, Jan. 9, 1995,
`AT&T encryption system protects information services, 1
`page.
`AT&T Technology, vol. 9, No.4, New Products, Systems and
`Services, pp. 16-19, Undated.
`Barassi, Theodore Sedgwick, Esq., The Cybernotary: Public
`Key Registration and Certificaiton and Authentication of
`International Legal Transactions, 4 pages, Undated.
`
`Primary Examiner---Gilberto Barron, Jr.
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Nixon & Vanderhye P.C.
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The present invention provides systems and methods for
`secure transaction management and electronic rights protec(cid:173)
`tion. Electronic appliances such as computers equipped in
`accordance with the present invention help to ensure that
`information is accessed and used only in authorized ways,
`and maintain the integrity, availability, and/or confidentiality
`of the information. Such electronic appliances provide a
`distributed virtual distribution environment (VDE) that may
`enforce a secure chain of handling and control, for example,
`to control and/or meter or otherwise monitor use of elec(cid:173)
`tronically stored or disseminated information. Such a virtual
`distribution environment may be used to protect rights of
`various participants in electronic commerce and other elec(cid:173)
`tronic or electronic-facilitated transactions. Distributed and
`other operating systems, environments and architectures,
`such as, for example, those using tamper-resistant hardware(cid:173)
`based processors, may establish security at each node. These
`techniques may be used to support an all-electronic infor(cid:173)
`mation distribution, for example, utilizing the "electronic
`highway."
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`101 Claims, 146 Drawing Sheets
`
`TYPE OF USAGE
`
`I
`\ ! /
`\ I (
`~
`~
`
`Apple Exhibit 1012
`Page 00001
`
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`3/1974 Smith.
`3,796,830
`3/1974 Feistel.
`3,798,359
`3/1974 Feistel.
`3,798,360
`3/1974 Feistel.
`3,798,605
`4/1974 Clarke.
`3,806,882
`8/1974 Freeny, Jr. .
`3,829,833
`9/1975 Henriques.
`3,906,448
`3,911,397 10/1975 Freeny, Jr. .
`3,924,065 12/1975 Freeny, Jr. .
`1!1976 Jacoby.
`3,931,504
`3,946,220
`3/1976 Brobeck et a!. .
`3,956,615
`5/1976 Anderson et a!. .
`3,958,081
`5/1976 Ehrsam eta!..
`3,970,992
`7/1976 Boothroyd et a!. .
`4,048,619
`9/1977 Forman, Jr. et a!. .
`4,071,911
`1!1978 Mazur.
`4,112,421
`9/1978 Freeny, Jr. .
`4,120,030 10/1978 Johnstone .
`4,163,280
`7/1979 Mori eta!..
`4,168,396
`9/1979 Best.
`4,196,310
`4/1980 Forman eta!. .
`4,200,913
`4/1980 Kuhar eta!..
`4,209,787
`6/1980 Freeny, Jr. .
`4,217,588
`8/1980 Freeny, Jr. .
`4,220,991
`9/1980 Hamano eta!..
`4,232,193 11/1980 Gerard.
`4,232,317 11/1980 Freeny, Jr. .
`4,236,217 11/1980 Kennedy.
`4,253,157
`2/1981 Kirschner et a!. .
`4,262,329
`4/1981 Bright eta!..
`4,265,371
`5/1981 Desai eta!..
`4,270,182
`5/1981 Asija.
`4,278,837
`7/1981 Best.
`4,305,131 12/1981 Best.
`4,306,289 12/1981 Lumley.
`4,309,569
`1!1982 Merkle.
`4,319,079
`3/1982 Best.
`4,323,921
`4/1982 Guillou .
`4,328,544
`5/1982 Baldwin et a!. .
`4,337,483
`6/1982 Guillou .
`4,361,877 11/1982 Dyer eta!. .
`4,375,579
`3/1983 Davida eta!..
`4,433,207
`2/1984 Best.
`4,434,464
`2/1984 Suzuki eta!..
`4,442,486
`4/1984 Mayer.
`4,446,519
`5/1984 Thomas.
`4,454,594
`6/1984 Heffron et a!. .
`4,458,315
`7/1984 Uchenick.
`4,462,076
`7/1984 Smith, III.
`7/1984 Ross.
`4,462,078
`8/1984 Best.
`4,465,901
`9/1984 Donald eta!..
`4,471,163
`4,484,217 11/1984 Block eta!..
`4,494,156
`1!1985 Kadison et a!. .
`4,513,174
`4/1985 Herman.
`4,528,588
`7/1985 Lofberg.
`4,528,643
`7/1985 Freeny, Jr. .
`4,553,252 11/1985 Egendorf.
`4,558,176 12/1985 Arnold eta!..
`4,558,413 12/1985 Schmidt et a!. .
`4,562,306 12/1985 Chou eta!..
`4,562,495 12/1985 Bond eta!..
`3/1986 Comerford et a!. .
`4,577,289
`4,584,641
`4/1986 Guglielmino .
`5/1986 Atalla.
`4,588,991
`4,589,064
`5/1986 Chiba eta!..
`4,593,353
`6/1986 Pickholtz.
`4,593,376
`6/1986 Yolk.
`4,595,950
`6/1986 Lofberg.
`4,597,058
`6/1986 Izumi eta!..
`
`5,915,019
`Page 2
`
`1!1987 Chorley et a!. .
`4,634,807
`2/1987 Chandra et a!. .
`4,644,493
`2/1987 Tolman eta!..
`4,646,234
`3/1987 Pailen eta!..
`4,652,990
`4/1987 Hellman.
`4,658,093
`6/1987 Rackman.
`4,670,857
`6/1987 Alsberg.
`4,672,572
`6/1987 Fascenda.
`4,677,434
`7/1987 Izumi eta!. .
`4,680,731
`7/1987 Mollier.
`4,683,553
`8/1987 Barnsdale et a!. .
`4,685,056
`8/1987 Joshi.
`4,688,169
`9/1987 Kleijne et a!. .
`4,691,350
`9/1987 Wiedemer.
`4,696,034
`4,701,846 10/1987 Ikeda eta!. .
`4,712,238 12/1987 Gilhousen et a!. .
`4,713,753 12/1987 Boebert et a!. ......................... 380/4 X
`4,740,890
`4/1988 William.
`4,747,139
`5/1988 Taaffe .
`4,757,533
`7/1988 Allen eta!..
`4,757,534
`7/1988 Matyas eta!..
`4,768,087
`8/1988 Taub eta!..
`4,791,565 12/1988 Dunham eta!..
`4,796,181
`1!1989 Wiedemer.
`4,799,156
`1!1989 Shavit eta!..
`4,807,288
`2/1989 Ugon eta!..
`4,817,140
`3/1989 Chandra et a!. .
`4,823,264
`4/1989 Deming.
`4,827,508
`5/1989 Shear.
`4,858,121
`8/1989 Barber eta!. .
`4,864,494
`9/1989 Kobus.
`4,868,877
`9/1989 Fischer .
`4,903,296
`2/1990 Chandra et a!. .
`4,924,378
`5/1990 Hershey et a!. .
`4,930,073
`5/1990 Cina, Jr ..
`4,949,187
`8/1990 Cohen.
`4,977,594 12/1990 Shear.
`4,999,806
`3/1991 Chernow et a!. .
`5,001,752
`3/1991 Fischer .
`5,005,122
`4/1991 Griffin et a!. .
`5,005,200
`4/1991 Fischer .
`5,010,571
`4/1991 Katznelson .................................. 380/4
`5,023,907
`6/1991 Johnson et a!. ............................. 380/4
`5,047,928
`9/1991 Wiedemer.
`5,048,085
`9/1991 Abraham et a!. .
`5,050,213
`9/1991 Shear.
`5,091,966
`2/1992 Bloomberg et a!. .
`5,103,392
`4/1992 Mori.
`5,103,476
`4/1992 Waite eta!..
`5,111,390
`5/1992 Ketcham.
`5,119,493
`6/1992 Janis et a!. .
`5,128,525
`7/1992 Stearns et a!. .
`5,136,643
`8/1992 Fischer .
`5,136,646
`8/1992 Haber eta!..
`5,136,647
`8/1992 Haber eta!..
`5,136,716
`8/1992 Harvey eta!..
`5,146,575
`9/1992 Nolan, Jr..
`5,148,481
`9/1992 Abraham et a!. .
`5,155,680 10/1992 Wiedemer.
`5,168,147 12/1992 Bloomberg.
`5,185,717
`2/1993 Mori.
`5,201,046
`4/1993 Goldberg et a!. .
`5,201,047
`4/1993 Maki eta!..
`5,208,748
`5/1993 Flores eta!. .
`5,214,702
`5/1993 Fischer .
`6/1993 Flores eta!. .
`5,216,603
`5,221,833
`6/1993 Hecht.
`5,222,134
`6/1993 Waite eta!..
`5,224,160
`6/1993 Paulini et a!. .
`5,224,163
`6/1993 Gasser eta!. .
`5,235,642
`8/1993 Wobber eta!..
`5,245,165
`9/1993 Zhang.
`
`Page 00002
`
`
`
`5,915,019
`Page 3
`
`9/1993 Sprague et a!. .
`5,247,575
`5,260,999 11/1993 Wyman.
`5,263,158 11/1993 Janis ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 395/600
`5,265,164 11/1993 Matyas eta!..
`1!1994 Boebert et a!. .
`5,276,735
`5,280,479
`1!1994 Mary.
`2/1994 Sprecher et a!. .
`5,285,494
`5,301,231
`4/1994 Abraham.
`5,311,591
`5/1994 Fischer ........................................ 380/4
`5,319,705
`6/1994 Halter eta!..
`5,337,360
`8/1994 Fischer.
`5,341,429
`8/1994 Stringer et a!. .
`5,343,527
`8/1994 Moore.
`5,347,579
`9/1994 Blandford.
`5,351,293
`9/1994 Michener et a!. .
`5,355,474 10/1994 Thuraisngham et a!. .
`5,373,561 12/1994 Haber eta!. .
`5,390,247
`2/1995 Fischer .. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... . 380/25
`5,390,330
`2/1995 Talati.
`5,392,220
`2/1995 van den Hamer et a!. .
`5,392,390
`2/1995 Crozier .
`5,394,469
`2/1995 Nagel eta!..
`5,410,598
`4/1995 Shear .
`5,412,717
`5/1995 Fischer.
`5,421,006
`5/1995 Jablon .
`5,422,953
`6/1995 Fischer.
`5,428,606
`6/1995 Moskowitz.
`5,438,508
`8/1995 Wyman ................................... 380/4 X
`5,442,645
`8/1995 Ugon.
`5,444,779
`8/1995 Daniele.
`5,449,895
`9/1995 Hecht eta!. .
`5,449,896
`9/1995 Hecht eta!. .
`5,450,493
`9/1995 Maher.
`5,453,601
`9/1995 Rosen.
`5,453,605
`9/1995 Hecht eta!. .
`5,455,407 10/1995 Rosen.
`5,455,861 10/1995 Faucher et a!. .
`5,455,953 10/1995 Russell.
`5,457,746 10/1995 Dolphin.
`5,463,565 10/1995 Cookson et a!. .
`5,473,687 12/1995 Lipscomb et a!. .
`5,473,692 12/1995 Davis.
`5,479,509 12/1995 Ugon.
`5,485,622
`1!1996 Yamaki.
`2/1996 Goldsmith et a!. .
`5,491,800
`5,497,479
`3/1996 Hornbuckle .
`5,497,491
`3/1996 Mitchell et a!. .
`3/1996 Narasimhalu et a!. .
`5,499,298
`4/1996 Cook eta!..
`5,504,757
`4/1996 Okano ....................................... 380/49
`5,504,818
`4/1996 Griffeth et a!. .
`5,504,837
`4/1996 Yamamoto et a!. .
`5,508,913
`5,509,070
`4/1996 Schull ......................................... 380/4
`4/1996 Maher.
`5,513,261
`6/1996 Stefik eta!. .
`5,530,235
`6/1996 Rubin.
`5,530,752
`7/1996 Force eta!. .
`5,533,123
`7/1996 Stefik eta!. .
`5,534,975
`5,537,526
`7/1996 Anderson et a!. .
`7/1996 Moskowitz.
`5,539,735
`7/1996 Davis.
`5,539,828
`8/1996 Brunner et a!. .
`5,550,971
`5,553,282
`9/1996 Parrish et a!. .
`5,557,518
`9/1996 Rosen ...................................... 364/408
`5,563,946 10/1996 Cooper eta!. .............................. 380/4
`5,568,552 10/1996 Davis.
`5,572,673 11/1996 Shurts.
`5,592,549
`1!1997 Nagel eta!..
`2/1997 Houser eta!. .............................. 380/4
`5,606,609
`5,613,004
`3/1997 Cooperman et a!. .
`5,621,797
`4/1997 Rosen.
`5,629,980
`5/1997 Stefik eta!. .
`
`5/1997 Davis eta!. .
`5,633,932
`5/1997 Stefik eta!. .
`5,634,012
`6/1997 Rhoads.
`5,636,292
`6/1997 Stefik eta!. ................................ 380/4
`5,638,443
`6/1997 Scott eta!. .
`5,638,504
`6/1997 Gopinath et a!. .
`5,640,546
`8/1997 Jones eta!. .
`5,655,077
`5,687,236 11/1997 Moskowitz et a!. .
`5,689,587 11/1997 Bender eta!..
`5,692,180 11/1997 Lee.
`5,710,834
`1!1998 Rhoads.
`5,740,549
`4/1998 Reilly eta!. .
`5,745,604
`4/1998 Rhoads.
`5,748,763
`5/1998 Rhoads.
`5,748,783
`5/1998 Rhoads.
`5/1998 Fischer .. .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .. 395/683
`5,748,960
`5,754,849
`5/1998 Dyer eta!. .
`5/1998 McManis.
`5,757,914
`5,758,152
`5/1998 LeTourneau .
`5,765,152
`1!1998 Erickson.
`6/1998 Rhoads.
`5,768,426
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2/1992 European Pat. Off ..
`0 469 864 A2
`0 565 314 A2 10/1993 European Pat. Off ..
`0 593 305 A2
`4/1994 European Pat. Off ..
`0 651 554 A1
`5/1995 European Pat. Off ..
`0 668 695 A2
`8/1995 European Pat. Off ..
`0 725 376
`1!1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0 695 985 A1
`2/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`2/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0 696 798 A1
`0715243A1
`6/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0715244A1
`6/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0715245A1
`6/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0715246A1
`6/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0715247A1
`6/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0749081A1 12/1996 European Pat. Off ..
`0 778 513 A2
`6/1997 European Pat. Off ..
`0 795 873 A2
`9/1997 European Pat. Off ..
`3803982A1
`1!1990 Germany.
`57-726
`5/1982
`Japan .
`62-241061 10/1987
`Japan .
`01-068835
`3/1989
`Japan .
`64-68835
`3/1989
`Japan .
`02-242352
`9/1990
`Japan .
`02-247763 10/1990
`Japan .
`02-294855 12/1990
`Japan .
`04-369068 12/1992
`Japan .
`05-181734
`7/1993
`Japan .
`05-257783 10/1993
`Japan .
`05-268415 10/1993
`Japan .
`06-175794
`6/1994
`Japan .
`06-215010
`8/1994
`Japan .
`6225059
`8/1994
`Japan .
`07-056794
`3/1995
`Japan .
`07-084852
`3/1995
`Japan .
`07-141138
`6/1995
`Japan .
`07-200317
`8/1995
`Japan .
`07-200492
`8/1995
`Japan .
`07-244639
`9/1995
`Japan .
`08-137795
`5/1996
`Japan .
`08-152990
`6/1996
`Japan .
`08-185298
`7/1996
`Japan .
`A2136175
`9/1984 United Kingdom .
`2264796
`9/1993 United Kingdom .
`2294348
`4/1996 United Kingdom .
`2295947
`6/1996 United Kingdom .
`WOA8502310
`5/1985 WIPO.
`wo 85/03584
`8/1985 WIPO.
`wo 90/02382
`3/1990 WIPO.
`W092/06438
`4/1992 WIPO.
`W092/22870 12/1992 WIPO.
`
`Page 00003
`
`
`
`5,915,019
`Page 4
`
`W093/01550
`W094/01821
`W094/03859
`W09406103
`wo 94/16395
`wo 94/18620
`wo 94/22266
`wo 94/27406
`W095/14289
`wo 96/00963
`wo 96/03835
`wo 96/05698
`wo 96/06503
`W096/13013
`W096/21192
`W097/03423
`W097/07656
`W097/32251
`wo 97/48203
`
`1!1993
`1!1994
`2/1994
`3/1994
`7/1994
`8/1994
`9/1994
`11/1994
`6/1995
`1!1996
`2/1996
`2/1996
`2/1996
`5/1996
`7/1996
`1!1997
`3/1997
`9/1997
`12/1997
`
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`WIPO.
`
`01HER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Bruner, Rick E., PowerAgent, NetBot help advertisers reach
`Internet shoppers, Aug. 1997 (Document from Internet).
`CD ROM, Introducing ... The Workflow CD-ROM Sam(cid:173)
`pler, Creative Networks, MCIMail: Creative Networks, Inc.,
`Palo Alto, California, Undated.
`Clark, Tim, Ad service gives cash back, www.news.com,
`Aug. 4, 1997, 2 pages (Document from Internet).
`Communications of the ACM, Jun. 1996, vol. 39, No. 6.
`Cunningham, Donna, et al., News Release, AT&T, Jan. 31,
`1995, AT&T, VLSI Technology join to improve info high(cid:173)
`way security, 3 pages.
`Data Sheet, About the Digital Notary Service, Surety Tech(cid:173)
`nologies, Inc., 1994--95, 6 pages.
`Dempsey, et al., D-Lib Magazine, Jul./Aug. 1996 The
`Warwick Metadata Workshop: A Framework for the Deploy(cid:173)
`ent of Resource Description, Jul. 15, 1966.
`Document from Internet, cgi@ncsa.uiuc.edu, CGI Common
`Gateway Interface, 1 page, 1996.
`Firefly Network, Inc., www.fily.com, What is Firefly? Firefly
`revision: 41.4 Copyright 1995, 1996.
`Gleick, James, "Dead as a Dollar" The New York Times
`Magazine, Jun. 16, 1996, Section 6, pp. 26-30, 35, 42, 50,
`54.
`Greguras, Fred, Softie Symposium '95, Copyright Clear(cid:173)
`ances and Moral Rights, Nov. 30, 1995 (as updated Dec. 11,
`1995), 3 pages.
`Harman, Harry H., Modern Factor Analysis, Third Edition
`Revised, University of Chicago Press Chicago and London,
`Third revision published 1976.
`Herzberg, Amir et al., Public Protection of Software, ACM
`Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 5, No. 4, Nov.
`1987, pp. 371-393.
`Holt, Stannie, Start-up promises user confidentiality in Web
`marketing service, Info World Electric, Aug. 13, 1997
`(Document from Internet).
`Hotjava™: The Security Story, 4 pages, Undated.
`Invoice? What is an Invoice? Business Week, Jun. 10, 1996.
`Javasoft, Frequently Asked Questions-Applet Security,
`What's Java™? Products and Services, Java/Soft News,
`Developer's Cornier,Jun. 7, 1996, 8 pages.
`Jiang, et al,Aconcept-BasedApproach to Retrieval from an
`Electronic Industrialn Directory, International Journal of
`Electronic Commerce, vol. 1, No. 1, Fall1996, pp. 51-72.
`
`Jones, Debra, Top Tech Stories, PowerAgent Introducts First
`Internet 'Infomediary' to Empower and Protect Consumers,
`Aug. 13, 1997 3 pages (Document from Internet).
`Kohntopp, M., Sag's durch die Blume, Apr. 1996,
`marit@schulung.netuse.de.
`Lagoze, Carl, D-Lib Magazine, Jul./Aug. 1996, The War(cid:173)
`wick Framework, A Container Architecture for Diverse Sets
`of Metadata.
`Maclachlan, Malcolm, PowerAgent Debuts Spam-Free
`Marketing, TechWire, Aug. 13, 1997, 3 pages (Document
`from Internet), Undated.
`Milbrandt, E., Stenanography Info and Archive, 1996.
`Mossberg, Walter S., Personal Technology, Threats to Pri(cid:173)
`vacy On-Line Become More Worrisome, Wall Street Jour(cid:173)
`nal, Oct. 24, 1996.
`Negroponte, Electronic Word of Mouth, Wired Oct. 1996, p.
`218.
`News Release, Premenos Announces Templar 2.0-Next
`Generation
`Software
`for
`Secure
`Internet EDI,
`webmaster@templar.net, 1 page, Jan. 17, 1996.
`News Release, The Document Company Xerox, Xerox
`Announces Software Kit for Creating Working Documents
`with Dataglyphs, Nov. 6, 1995, Minneapolis, MN, 13 pages.
`PowerAgent Inc., Proper Use of Consumer Information on
`the Internet White Paper, Jun. 1997, Document from Inter(cid:173)
`net, 9 pages (Document from Internet).
`PowerAgent Press Releases, What the Experts are Reporting
`on PowerAgent, Aug. 13, 1997, 6 pages (Document from
`Internet).
`PowerAgent Press Releases, What the Experts are Reporting
`on PowerAgent, Aug. 4, 1997, 5 pages (Document from
`Internet).
`PowerAgent Press Releases, What the Experts are Reporting
`on PowerAgent, Aug. 13, 1997, 3 pages (Document from
`Internet).
`Premenos Corp. White Paper: The Future of Electronic
`Commerce, A Supplement to Midrange Systems, Internet
`webmaster@premenos.com, 4 pages, Undated.
`Resnick, et al., Recommender Systems, Communications of
`the ACM, vol. 40, No. 3, Mar. 1997,pp. 56-89.
`Rothstein, Edward, The New York Times, Technology, Con(cid:173)
`nections, Making th einternet come to you, through 'push'
`technology ... p. D5, Jan. 20, 1997.
`Rutkowski, Ken, PowerAgent Introduces First Internet
`'Infomediary' to Empower and Protect Consumers, Tech
`Talk News Story, Aug. 4, 1997 (Document from Internet).
`Sager, Ira (Edited by), Bits & Bytes, Business Week, Sep. 23,
`1996, p. 142E.
`Schurmann, Jurgen, Pattern Classification, A Unified View
`of Statistical and Neural Approaches, John Wiley & Sons,
`Inc., 1996.
`Special Report, The Internet:Fulfilling the Promise The
`Internet: Bring Order From Chaos; Lynch, Clifford, Search
`the Internet; Resnick, Paul, Filtering Information on the
`Internet; Hearst, Marti A., Interfaces for Searching the Web;
`Stefik, Mark, Trusted Systems; Scientific American, Mar.
`1997,pp. 49-56,62-64,68-72,78-81.
`Stefik, Mark, Introduction to Knowledge Systems, Chapter 7,
`Classification, pp. 543-607, 1995 by Morgan Kaufmann
`Publishers, Inc.
`Templar Overview,: Premenos, Internet info@templar.net, 4
`pages, Undated.
`Templar Software and Services: Secure, Reliable, Stan(cid:173)
`dards-Based ED! Over the Internet, Prementos, Internet
`info@templar.net, 1 page, Undated.
`
`Page 00004
`
`
`
`5,915,019
`Page 5
`
`Voight, Joan, Beyond the Banner, Wired, Dec. 1996, pp. 196,
`200, 204.
`Yonder Haar, Steven, PowerAgent Launches Commercial
`Service, Inter@ctive Week, Aug. 4, 1997 (Document from
`Internet).
`Weber, Dr. Robert, Digital Rights Management Technolo(cid:173)
`gies, A Report to the International Federation of Reproduc(cid:173)
`tion Rights Organisations, Oct. 1995,pp. 1-49.
`Weber, Dr. Robert, Digital Rights Management Technolo(cid:173)
`gies, Oct. 1995, 21 pages.
`Wepin Store, Stenography (Hidden Writing) (Common Law
`1995).
`World Wide Web FAQ, How can I put an access counter on
`my home page?, 1 page, 1996.
`Yellin, F. Low Level Security in Java, 8 pages, Undated.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Multimedia Mixed
`Object Envelopes Supporting a Graduated Fee Scheme via
`Encryption," vol. 37, No. 03, Mar. 1994, Armonk, NY.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, "Transformer Rules for
`Software Distribution Mechanism-Support Products," vol.
`37, No. 04B, Apr. 1994, Armonk, NY.
`Suida, Karl, Mapping New Applications onto New Technolo(cid:173)
`gies, "Security Services in Telecommunications Networks,"
`Mar. 8-10, 1988, Zurich.
`Portland Software's ZipLock, Internet information, Copy(cid:173)
`right Portland Software 1996-1997, 12 pages.
`Dyson, Esther, "Intellectual Value," Wired Magazine, Jul.
`1995, pp. 136-141 and 182-184.
`Argent Information Q&A Sheet, http://www.digital-water(cid:173)
`mark.com/, Copyright 1995, The Dice Company, 7 pages.
`Guillou, L.: "Smart Cards and Conditional Access", pp.
`480--490 Advances in Cryptography, Proceedings of Euro(cid:173)
`Crypt 84 (Beth et al, Ed., Springer-Verlag 1985).
`Rankine, G., "Thomas-A Complete Single-Chip RSA
`Device," Advances in Cryptography, Proceedings of Crypto
`86, pp. 480-487 (A.M. Odlyzko Ed., Springer-Verlag
`1987).
`DSP56000/DSP56001 Digital Signal Processor User's
`Manual, Motorola, 1990, p. 2-2.
`Dusse, Stephen R. and Burton S. Kaliski "A Cryptographic
`Library for the Motorola 56000" in Damgard, I. M.,
`Advances
`in Cryptology-Proceedings Eurocrypt 90,
`Springer-Verlag, 1991, pp. 230-244.
`Struif, Bruno "The Use of Chipcards for Electronic Signa(cid:173)
`tures and Encryption" in : Proceedings for the 1989 Con(cid:173)
`ference on VSLI and Computer Peripherals, IEEE Computer
`Society Press, 1989, pp. 4/155-4/158.
`Ryoichi Mori and Masaji Kawahara, The Transactions of the
`EIEICE, V. "Superdistribution: The Concept and the Archi(cid:173)
`tecture," E73 (Jul. 1990), No. 7, Tokyo, Japan.
`Stefik, "Internet Dreams: Archetypes, Myths, and Meta(cid:173)
`phors, Letting Loose the Light: Igniting Commerce in Elec(cid:173)
`tronic Publication," pp. 219-253, (1996) Massachusetts
`Institute of Technology.
`Stefik, Mark, "Letting Loose the Light, Igniting Commerce
`in Electronic Publication," (1994, 1995) Palo Alto, Califor(cid:173)
`ma.
`Shear, "Solutions for CD-ROM Pricing and Data Security
`Problems", pp. 530--533, CD ROM Yearbook 1988-1989
`(Microsoft Press 1988 or 1989).
`Press Release, "National Semiconductor and EPR Partner
`For Information Metering/Data Security Cards" (Mar. 4,
`1994).
`
`"Electronic Publishing Resources Inc. Protecting Electroni(cid:173)
`cally Published Properties Increasing Publishing Profits"
`(Electronic Publishing Resources, 1991).
`"The Benefits of ROI For Database Protection and Usage
`Based Billing" (Personal Library Software, 1987 or 1988).
`ROI-Solving Critical Electronic Publishing Problems (Per(cid:173)
`sonal Library Software, 1987 or 1988).
`Weber, "Metering Technologies for Digital Intellectual
`Property, A Report to the International Federation of Repro(cid:173)
`duction Rights Organisations," pp. 1-29; Oct. 1994, Boston,
`MA, USA
`ROI (Personal Library Software, 1987 or 1988).
`DiscStore (Electronic Publishing Resources 1991).
`Yee, "Using Secure Coprocessors," CMU-CS-94-149,
`School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University,
`Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Undated.
`Tygar et al., "Dyad: A System for Using Physically Secure
`Coprocessors," School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mel(cid:173)
`lon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (undated).
`Tygar et al., "Dyad: A System for Using Physically Secure
`Coprocessors," School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mel(cid:173)
`lon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (May 1991).
`Maxemchuk, "Electronic Document Distribution," AT&T
`Bell Laboratories, Murry Hill, New Jersey 07974, Undated.
`Choudhury, et al., "Copyright Protection for Electronic
`Publishing over Computer Networks," AT&T Bell Labora(cid:173)
`tores, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 (Jun. 1994).
`Weingart, "Physical Security for the ,uABYSS System,"
`IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights,
`New York 10598 (1987).
`White, "ABYSS: A Trusted Architecture for Software Pro(cid:173)
`tection," IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown
`Heights, New York 10598 (1987).
`Neumann, et al., "A Provably Secure Operating System: The
`System, Its Applications, and Proofs," Computer Science
`Laboratory Report CSL-116, Second Edition, SRI Interna(cid:173)
`tional (May 1980).
`Caruso, "Technology, Digital Commerce 2 plans for water(cid:173)
`marks, which can bind proof of authorship to electronic
`works," New York Times (Aug. 1995).
`"Electronic Currency Requirements, XIWT (Cross Industry
`Working Group)," no date.
`"Nil, Architecture Requirements, XIWT," no date.
`Arthur
`K.
`Reilly,
`Standards
`committee
`T1-Telecommunications, Input to the 'International Tele(cid:173)
`communications Hearings,' Panel 1: Component Technolo(cid:173)
`gies of the Nil/Gil, no date.
`Dan Bart, Comments in the Matter of Public Hearing and
`Request for Comments on the International Aspects of the
`National Information Infrastructure, Aug. 12, 1994.
`"Open System Environment Architectural Framework for
`National Information Infrastructure Services and Standards,
`in Support of National Class Distributed Systems," Distrib(cid:173)
`uted System Engineering Program Sponsor Group, Draft
`1.0. Aug. 5, 1994.
`"Information Infrastructure Standards Panel: Nil 'The Infor(cid:173)
`mation Superhighway'," NationsBank-HGDeal-ASC
`X9, 15 pages, Undated.
`Jud Hofmann, "Interfacing the Nil to User Homes," Elec(cid:173)
`tronic Industries Association, Consumer Electronic Bus
`Committee, 14 slides, no date.
`"Framework for National Information Infrastructure Ser(cid:173)
`vices," NIST, Jul. 1994, 12 slides.
`Claude Baggett, "Cable's Emerging Role in the Information
`Superhighway," Cable Labs, 13 slides, Undated.
`
`Page 00005
`
`
`
`5,915,019
`Page 6
`
`"liSP Break Out Session Report for Group No. 3, Standards
`Development and Tracking System," no date.
`"XIWT Cross Industry Working Team," 5 pages, Jul. 1994.
`"Computer Systems Policy Project (CSSP), Perspectives on
`the National Information Infrastructure: Ensuring Interop(cid:173)
`erability (Feb. 1994)," Feb. 1994.
`"Framework for National Information Infrastructure Ser(cid:173)
`vices," Draft, U.S. Department of Commerce, Jul. 1994.
`"EIA and TIA White Paper on National Information Infra(cid:173)
`structure,"published by the Electronic Industries Associa(cid:173)
`tion and the Telecommunications Industry Association,
`Washington, D.C., no date.
`Michael Baum, "Worldwide Electronic Commerce: Law,
`Policy and Controls Conference," program details, Nov. 11,
`1993.
`Bruce Sterling, "Literary freeware: Not for Commercial
`Use," remarks at Computers, Freedom and Privace Confer(cid:173)
`ence IV, Chicago, Mar. 26, 1994.
`"The 1:1 Future of the Electronic Marketplace: Return to a
`Hunting and Gathering Society," 2 pages, no date.
`D. Linda Garcia, testimony before a hearing on science,
`space and technology, May 26, 1994.
`Wired 1.02, "Is Advertising Really dead?, Part 2," 1994.
`Hugh Barnes, memo to Henry LaMuth, subject: George
`Gilder articles, May 31, 1994.
`Daniel J. Weitzner, A Statement on EFF's Open Platform
`Campaign as of Nov., 1993, 3 pages.
`"Serving the Community: A Public-Interest Vision of the
`National Information Infrastructure," Computer Profession(cid:173)
`als for Social Responsibility, Executive Summary, no date.
`Steven Schlossstein, International Economy, "America: The
`G7's Comeback Kid," Jun./Jul. 1993.
`Lance Rose, "Cyberspace and the Legal Matrix: Laws or
`Confusion?," 1991.
`"Cable Television and America's Telecommunications
`Infrastructure," National Cable Television Association, Apr.
`1993.
`Adele Weder, "Life on the Infohighway," 4 pages, no date.
`T. Valovic, Telecommunications, "The Role of Computer
`Networking in the Emerging Virtual Marketplace," pp.
`40-44, Undated.
`Dr. Joseph N. Pelton, Telecommunications, "Why Nicholas
`Negroponte is Wrong About the Future of Telecommunica(cid:173)
`tion," pp. 35-40, Jan. 1993.
`Nicholas Negroponte,
`"Some
`Telecommunications,
`Thoughts on Likely and expected Communications sce(cid:173)
`narios: A Rebuttal," pp. 41-42, Jan. 1993.
`Tom Stephenson, Advanced Imaging, "The Info Infrastruc(cid:173)
`ture Initiative: Data SuperHighways and You," pp. 73-74,
`May 1993.
`Steve Rosenthal, New Media, "Mega Channels," pp. 36-46,
`Sep. 1993.
`News Release, The White House, Office of the President,
`"Background on the Administration's Telecommunications
`Policy Reform Initiative," Jan. 11, 1994.
`Steve Rosenthal, New Media, "Interactive Network: Viewers
`Get Involved," pp. 30-31, Dec. 1992.
`Steve Rosenthal, New Media, "Interactive TV: The Gold
`Rush Is On," pp. 27-29, Dec. 1992.
`EFFector Online vol. 6 No. 6, "A Publication of the Elec(cid:173)
`tronic Frontier Foundation," 8 pages, Dec. 6, 1993.
`Mike Lanza, electronic mail, "George Gilder's Fifth
`Article-Digital Darkhorse-Newspapers," Feb. 21, 1994.
`Steven Levy, Wired, "E-Money, That's What I Want," 10
`pages, Dec. 1994.
`
`Kevin Kelly, Whole Earth Review, "E-Money,"pp. 40-59,
`Summer 1993.
`Green paper, "Intellectual Property and the National Infor(cid:173)
`mation Infrastructure, a Preliminary Draft of the Report of
`the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights," Jul.
`1994.
`Communications of the ACM, "Intelligent Agents," Jul.
`1994, vol. 37, No. 7.
`"Encapsulation: An Approach to Operating System Secu(cid:173)
`rity," Bisbey, II et al., Oct. 1973, pp. 666-675.
`"Encryption Methods in Data Networks," Blom et al., Eric(cid:173)
`sson Technics, No. 2, 1978, Stockholm, Sweden.
`First CII Honeywell Bull International Symposium on Com(cid:173)
`puter Security and Confidentiality, Jan. 26-28, 1981, Con(cid:173)
`ference Text, pp. 1-21.
`Codercard, Spec Sheet-Basic Coder Subsystem, No date
`given.
`"Micro Card"-Micro Card Technologies, Inc., Dallas,
`Texas, No date given.
`"A Method of Software Protection Based on the Use of
`Smart Cards and Cryptographic Techniques," Scnaumuel(cid:173)
`ler-Bichl et al., No date given.
`I "The New Alexandria" No. 1, Alexandria Institute, pp.
`1-12, Jul.-Aug. 1986.
`Denning et al., "Data Security," 11 Computing Surveys No.
`3, Sep. 1979.
`Kent, "Protecting Externally Supplied Software In Small
`Computers" (MIT/LCS/TR-255 Sep. 1980).
`Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 67, No.3, Mar. 1979, "Privacy
`and Authentication: An Introduction to Cryptography,"
`Whitfield Diffie and Martin E. Hellman, pp. 397-427.
`Digest of Papers, VLSI: New Architectural Horizons, Feb.
`1980, "Preventing Software Piracy With Crypto-Micropro(cid:173)
`cessors," Robert M. Best, pp. 466-469.
`IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 22, No. 6,
`Nov. 1976, "New Directions in Cryptography," Whitfield
`Diffie and Martin E. Hellman, pp. 644-651.
`Low, et al., "Anonymous Credit Cards," AT&T Bell Labo(cid:173)
`ratories, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Com(cid:173)
`puter and Communication Security, Fairfax, Virginia, Nov.
`2-4, 1994.
`Tygar et al., "Cryptography: It's Not Just For Electronic
`Mail Anymore," CMU-CS-93-107, School of Computer
`Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl(cid:173)
`vania, Mar. 1, 1993.
`Smith, et al., "Signed Vector Timestamps: A Secure Protocol
`for Partial Order Time," CMU-93-116, School of Computer
`Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl(cid:173)
`vania, Oct. 1991; version of Feb. 1993.
`Kristol et al., "Anonymous Internet Mercantile Protocol,"
`AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, Draft:
`Mar. 17, 1994.
`Low et al., "Document Marking and Identification using
`both Line and Word Shifting," AT&T Bell Laboratories,
`Murray Hill, New Jersey, Jul. 29, 1994.
`Low et al., "Anonymous Credit Cards and its Collusion
`Analysis," AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jer(cid:173)
`sey, Oct. 10, 1994.
`
`Page 00006
`
`
`
`.... = ~
`
`Ul
`~
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`\C
`
`0'1
`'"""' ~
`'"""' 0 ......,
`~ .....
`'J)_ =(cid:173)~
`
`~ = ?
`
`'0
`'0
`'"""'
`'0
`~N
`N
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\Jl
`d •
`
`SERVICE
`DELIVERY
`
`INFORMATION
`
`216
`
`)
`
`100
`
`D_DD
`DOD
`ODD
`ODD
`
`INFORMATION
`
`UTILITY
`
`210
`
`PUBLISHING HOUSE
`
`m_
`
`FIG. 1
`
`Page 00007
`
`
`
`.... = ~
`
`Ul
`~
`\C
`....
`Ul
`
`\C
`
`0'1
`'"""' ~
`0 ......,
`N
`~ .....
`'JJ. =-~
`
`~ = ?
`
`'0
`'0
`'"""'
`'0
`~N
`N
`
`~ = ......
`~ ......
`~
`•
`\Jl
`d •
`
`200d
`
`INFORMATION UTILITY 200
`
`REPORT CREATOR
`
`200c
`
`
`
`~1
`
`1
`
`USAnNALYST
`
`200f
`
`~
`
`AGENT
`
`PERMISSIONING
`
`200a
`
`ADMINISTRATOR
`
`vo
`200e_}
`
`TO VOE PARTICIPANT N
`
`TO VOE PARTICIPANT 1
`
`Page 00008
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 3 of 146
`
`5,915,019
`
`108
`\____
`
`122
`
`i l
`
`ELECTRONIC
`CONTENT
`HIGHWAY
`
`J
`
`CONTENT
`I
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`I
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`I
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`I
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i
`i !
`i
`
`FIG. 2
`
`VDE CONTENT
`CREATOR
`
`102
`
`100
`
`)
`
`RULES &
`CONTR