USOO8061598B2
`
`(12) Unlted States Patent
`(10) Patent No.:
`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`Racz et al.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`*Nov. 22, 2011
`
`(54) DATA STORAGE AND ACCESS SYSTEMS
`
`(75)
`
`.
`-
`~
`.
`Inventors fiatmk Racdz,HSallnt filer (33’ NL
`ermen'ar
`“ “5
`“er am (
`
`)
`
`(73) Assignee: Smartflash Technologies Limited,
`Tortola (VG)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`5,148,432 A
`5,226,145 A
`5,367,150 A
`5,406,619 A
`5,457,746 A
`5,532,466 A
`5,588,146 A
`5,677,953 A
`5,703,951 A
`£522,723 2
`5:754:654 A
`5,794,202 A
`
`9/1992 Gordon et 31.
`7/1993 Moronaga et al.
`11/1994 Kitta et al.
`4/1995 Akhteruzzaman et al.
`10/1995 Dolphin
`7/1996 Konno et al.
`12/ 1996 Leroux
`10/1997 Dolphin
`12/1997 Dolphin
`$133: ¥::%::Wa et 31'
`5/1998 Hiroya et 31.
`8/1998 Kim
`
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(21) APP1~ N0: 13/012,541
`
`EP
`
`0 195 098
`
`10/1990
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jan. 24, 2011
`
`(commued)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2011/0114723 A1
`May 19, 2011
`
`.
`.
`Primary Exammer i Thlen M Le
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Fzrm 7 Kllpatrlck Townsend &
`Stockton LLP
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(63) Continuation 0f application NO- 12/014,558, filed on
`Jan. .15:
`.2008: HOW .Pat: NO- 7942317: Wthh 15 a
`contlnuatlon 0f appllcatlon NO' 113365758: filed on
`Jan.t.19, t2006,fnow1.Pa:. NCN 7531?)?1712107’1Vghlg1hf a
`Eon ”1117121218320 app 113a 15m do
`’
`’
`e on
`ep.
`’
`’ now a an one ’
`Int. Cl.
`G06K 5/00
`235/380' 235/382
`(52) U S Cl
`’23 5/380
`(58) Field of Class1ficatlon Search......
`.....235/382 492 451’
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(51)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,341,951 A
`7/1982 Benton
`4,697,073 A
`9/1987 Hara
`
`Data storage and access systems enable downloading and
`paying for data such as audio and Video data, text, software,
`games and other types of data. A portable data carrier has an
`interface for sending and receiving data, data memory for
`storing received content data, and payment validation
`memory for providing payment validation data to an external
`device. The carrier may also store a record of access made to
`the stored content, and content use rules for controlling access
`to the stored content. Embodiments store further access con-
`trol data and supplementary data such as hot links to web sites
`and/or advertising data. A complementary data access termi-
`nal, data supply computer system, and data access device are
`also described. The combination of payment data and stored
`content data and use rule data helps reduce the risk of unau-
`thorized access to data such as compressed music and video
`data, especially over the Internet.
`
`41 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Apple Exhibit 1031
`
`Page 00001
`
`Apple Exhibit 1031
` Page 00001
`
`

`

`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`Page 2
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`0713198 A2
`EP
`0 823 694 A1
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`EP
`0914 001 A1
`EP
`10-269291 A
`JP
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`JP
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`JP
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`JP
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`JP
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`WO 98/33343
`W0
`WO 98/37526
`W0
`* cited by examiner
`
`5/1996
`2/1998
`4/1998
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`Page 00002
`
`Page 00002
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 1 of 17
`
`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`Fig, '3
`
`
`
`Page 00003
`
`Page 00003
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 2 of 17
`
`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`
`
`Page 00004
`
`Page 00004
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 3 of 17
`
`US 8,061,598 B2
`
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`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22,
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`2011
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`Sheet 5 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 6 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`NOV. 22, 2011
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`NOV. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 8 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 9 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 10 of 17
`
`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00012
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 11 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 12 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00014
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
`
`Sheet 13 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00015
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 14 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00016
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`

`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 15 of 17
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`Page 00017
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`

`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 16 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00018
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`Page 00018
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`

`US. Patent
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`Nov. 22, 2011
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`Sheet 17 of 17
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`US 8,061,598 B2
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`Page 00019
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`

`

`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`1
`DATA STORAGE AND ACCESS SYSTEMS
`
`CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation of US. patent applica-
`tion Ser. No. 12/014,558, filed on Jan. 15, 2008, which is a
`continuation of US. patent application Ser. No. 11/336,758,
`filed on Jan. 19, 2006, now issued US. Pat. No. 7,334,720;
`which is a continuation of US. patent application Ser. No.
`10/111,716, filed on Sep. 17, 2002, which application is a
`national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371, claiming the
`priority of international PCT Application No. GB001041 10,
`filed on Oct. 25, 2000; which claims priority to UK Applica-
`tion No. 99252272, filed on Oct. 25, 1999, each ofwhich is
`incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention is generally concerned with data storage and
`access systems. More particularly, it relates to a portable data
`carrier for storing and paying for data and to computer sys-
`tems for providing access to data to be stored. The invention
`also includes corresponding methods and computer pro-
`grams. The invention is particularly useful for managing
`stored audio and video data, but may also be applied to stor-
`age and access of text and software, including games, as well
`as other types of data.
`One problem associated with the increasingly wide use of
`the internet
`is the growing prevalence of so-called data
`pirates. Such pirates obtain data either by unauthorized or
`legitimate means and then make this data available essentially
`world-wide over the internet without authorization. Data can
`
`be a very valuable commodity, but once it has been published
`on the internet it is difficult to police access to and use of it by
`internet users who may not even realize that it is pirated. This
`is a particular problem with audio recordings, and, once the
`bandwidth becomes available, is also likely to be evident with
`video.
`
`Over the past three or four years compressed audio sources
`have become increasingly widely available on web pages.
`One widely used audio data compression format is MP3
`(MPEGiAudio Layer 3 of the MPEG1 compression algo-
`rithm), which is an internationally defined standard including
`a definition of compressed audio information such as speech
`or music. It relies on psycho-acoustic properties of human
`hearing to achieve very large data compression factors. It is
`thus feasible to download usefully long passages of music in
`a practically convenient short time. Pirate data suppliers have
`not been slow to realize the potential of this, and many unau-
`thorized websites have sprung up offering popular music,
`including recent releases by world-famous bands. This has
`caused the recording industry considerable concern and there
`is an urgent need to find a way to address the problem of data
`piracy.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`According to the present invention there is therefore pro-
`vided a method of providing portable data comprising pro-
`viding a portable data storage device comprising downloaded
`data storage means and payment validation means; providing
`a terminal for internet access; coupling the portable data
`storage device to the terminal; reading payment information
`from the payment validation means using the terminal; vali-
`dating the payment information; and downloading data into
`the portable storage device from a data supplier.
`
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`Another aspect of the invention provides a corresponding
`mobile data retrieval device for retrieving and outputting data
`such as stored music and/or noise from the data storage
`device.
`
`The payment validation means is, for example, means to
`validate payment with an external authority such as a bank or
`building society. The combination of the payment validation
`means with the data storage means allows the access to the
`downloaded data which is to be stored by the data storage
`means, to be made conditional upon checked and validated
`payment being made for the data. Binding the data access and
`payment together allows the legitimate owners of the data to
`make the data available themselves over the internet without
`
`fear of loss of revenue, thus undermining the position of data
`pirates.
`A further advantage of the system is that it allows users
`under the age of 18 to make internet purchases. Currently
`internet users pay for goods and/or services by credit card.
`Since credit cards cannot legitimately be used by persons
`under the age of 18 (at least in the UK), a significant fraction
`of adventurous internet users are excluded from e-commerce,
`one of the most significant predicted uses of the internet. In
`one embodiment ofthe invention, however, the payment vali-
`dation means comprises e-cash; that is, the payment valida-
`tion means stores transaction value information on a cash
`
`value oftransactions validatable by the data storage means. In
`simple terms, the data storage means can be a card which is
`charged up to a desired cash value (if necessary limited to a
`maximum value) at a suitable terminal. This might be an
`internet access terminal but could, more simply, be a device to
`accept the data storage card and to receive and count money
`deposited by the user to charge the card, writing update cash
`value information onto the card. More sophisticated ways of
`updating the cash value on the card are also possible, such as
`direct bank transfer. Since, with this type of embodiment, the
`data storage means is, essentially, precharged with cash rather
`than acting as a credit card, it can be used by young people
`without the risk of their incurring large debts.
`In one embodiment the data storage means is powered by
`the retrieval device when it is connected to the device and
`
`retains a memory of the downloaded data when it is unpow-
`ered. This can be achieved by the use of Flash RAM or, more
`generally, any form of programmable read-only memory.
`Alternatively the data storage means may incorporate a
`rechargeable cell or capacitor and store information in battery
`backed-up static RAM.
`The downloaded data may be entered into the data storage
`device by means of an interface such as a magnetically or
`capacitatively coupled connection or an optical connection,
`but preferably the interface comprises contacts for direct elec-
`trical connection to the storage means. The payment valida-
`tion means may likewise have one of a variety of interfaces
`but again preferably comprises a set of electrical contacts.
`The payment validation means could, however, comprise a
`magnetic or holographic data-strip such as is known for use
`with credit cards and phone cards. The interface to receive the
`downloaded data may be separate from the interface to the
`payment validation means, to facilitate separate and simulta-
`neous access to both these systems. In other embodiments a
`single interface may serve for both data storage and payment.
`Advantageously the payment validation means includes
`memory storing information to identify the person who is
`paying for the downloaded data.
`For additional security the downloaded data may be
`encrypted. In this case data decryption may be necessary at
`some stage, either in the data storage means or in the retrieval
`device or in an information delivering apparatus such as a data
`
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`

`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`3
`access terminal. Alternatively the data decryption function
`can be shared amongst one or more of these devices. The
`skilled person will be aware of a range of suitable encryption/
`decryption techniques, including Pretty Good Privacy (Reg-
`istered Trade Mark) and PKI (Public Key Infrastructure).
`Normally, when the downloaded data is encrypted, a decryp-
`tion key must be supplied. This can be generated automati-
`cally by the data access terminal or data access service pro-
`vider or it can be entered by the user into the data access
`terminal or into the mobile data retrieval device.
`
`The data storage means and/or the retrieval device can be
`provided with access control means to prevent unauthorized
`access to the downloaded data. Additionally or alternatively,
`use control means can be provided to stop or provide only
`limited access of the user to the downloaded data in accor-
`
`dance with the amount paid. These access and use control
`functions may in some embodiments be combined, permitted
`use controlling access or permitted access controlling use.
`Thus, for example, a complete set of data information relating
`to a particular topic, a particular music track, or a particular
`software package might be downloaded, although access to
`part ofthe data set might thereafter be controlled by payments
`made by a user at a later stage. In this way, a user could pay to
`enable an extra level on a game or to enable further tracks of
`an album.
`In embodiments where the access or use control means is
`
`responsive to the payment validation means, access or use
`control information may be stored with the downloaded data
`or in a separate storage area, for example in the payment
`validation means. The user’s access to the downloaded data
`
`could advantageously be responsive to the payment valida-
`tion means, for example, by means of a control line coupling
`the payment validation means with a memory access or
`decryption control element.
`In one embodiment the data storage means comprises an
`electronic memory card or smart card and the mobile data
`retrieval device is provided with a slot to receive the card.
`Preferably the card is a push-fit within the retrieval device,
`and retention of the card may be effected by pressure from
`electrical interface connections and/or resilience of the hous-
`
`ing, or by using a resilient retaining means. In a preferred
`embodiment the retrieval device includes an audio output and
`a display, to play a downloaded track and to show information
`about the track and/or an accompanying video.
`To download data onto the data storage means the user can
`employ a data access terminal coupled to the intemet. The
`terminal can directly validate payment; for example in the
`case of a smart card charged with electronic cash it can deduct
`a cash value from the card. Alternatively it can communicate
`with a bank or other financial services provider to control
`payment. In a preferred embodiment, however, the terminal
`connects to a data access service provider which provides a
`portal to other sites and which validates payment and then
`forwards data from a data supplier to the user’s local access
`terminal. The data access service provider may alternatively
`forward payment validation information and/or information
`from the payment validation authority to the data supplier for
`control by the supplier of the data supplied. Thus, access to
`the payment validation system and/or data for downloading
`may be entirely controlled by the data supplier.
`Data held on the data storage means may advantageously
`include data relating to the user’s or payer’s usage of the
`system. This information may include, for example, informa-
`tion on a user’ s spending pattern, information on data suppli-
`ers used and information on the downloaded data. This infor-
`
`mation may be accessed by the data supplier and/or data
`
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`access service provider and can be used for targeted market-
`ing or loyalty-based incentive schemes such as air miles or the
`like.
`
`The data access terminal may be a conventional computer
`or, alternatively, it may be a mobile phone. Wireless Applica-
`tion Protocol (WAP) and i-mode allow mobile phones to
`efficiently access the intemet and this allows a mobile phone
`to be used to download data to the data storage means, advan-
`tageously, directly. The data storage means can, if desired,
`incorporate the functionality of a mobile phone SIM (Sub-
`scriber Identity Module) card, which cards already include a
`user identification means, to allow user billing through the
`phone network operator.
`In a preferred embodiment the downloaded data is MP3 or
`other encoded audio data, but the system finds more general
`application for other data types. For example, download data
`can include software, and particularly games, share price
`information, current news information, transport timetable
`information, weather information and catalog shopping
`information. The downloaded information may also include
`compressed video data. The storage capacity of the data stor-
`age means is adaptable to suit the type of data intended to be
`downloaded; for example, 32 megabytes is sufficient for CD
`quality music, but for video it is preferable that the data
`storage means has a capacity of 128 megabytes or greater.
`In another aspect, the invention provides a portable data
`carrier comprising an interface for reading and writing data
`from and to the carrier; non-volatile data memory, coupled to
`the interface, for storing data on the carrier; non-volatile
`payment data memory, coupled to the interface, for providing
`payment data to an external device.
`These features allow the data carrier to store both payment
`data and content data, thus providing the advantages outlined
`above. Depending upon the payment system used, the pay-
`ment data memory may also store code for validating or
`confirming a payment to an external payment system. The
`payment data will normally be linked to a card or card holder
`identification data for payment by the card holder. The non-
`volatile memory ensures that stored content and payment data
`is retained in the data carrier when the data carrier is not
`
`receiving power from an external source. Thus “non-volatile”
`encompasses, for example, low-power memory whose con-
`tents are retained by a battery back-up system. In one embodi-
`ment the payment data memory comprises EEPROM and the
`content data memory comprises Flash memory, but other
`types of content data memory, such as optical, for example,
`holographic, data memory can also be used. The data carrier
`may also be integrated into other apparatus, such as a mobile
`communications device.
`
`Preferably, the portable data carrier further comprises a
`program store for storing code implementable by a processor;
`and a processor, coupled to the content data memory, the
`payment data memory, the interface and to the program store
`for implementing code in the program store, wherein the code
`comprises code to output payment data from the payment
`data memory to the interface and code to provide external
`access to the data memory.
`Normally, the (content) data memory allows both write and
`read access for both storing and retrieving data, but in some
`embodiments the content data memory may be read-only
`memory (ROM). In such embodiments, content may be pre-
`loaded onto the carrier and payment may then be made for
`permission to access the pre-loaded data.
`Preferably, the data carrier also stores a record of access
`made to the content data and updates this in response to
`external access, preferably read access, made to the data
`memory. The carrier may also store content use rules pertain-
`
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`

`US 8,061,598 B2
`
`5
`ing to allowed use of stored data items. These use rules may
`be linked to payments made from the card to provide payment
`options such as access to buy content data outright; rental
`access to content data for a time period or for a specified
`number of access events; and/or rental/purchase, for example
`where rental use is provided together with an option to pur-
`chase content data at the reduced price after rental access has
`expired.
`Thus where the data carrier stores, for example, music, the
`purchase outright option may be equivalent to the purchase of
`a compact disc (CD), preferably with some form of content
`copy protection such as digital watermarking.
`In this
`example, the rental or subscription payment option may be a
`pay-per-play option, and with this option payment may either
`be before or after access to the stored data so that the carrier
`
`may operate in either a debit or credit payment mode.
`The portability ofthe data carrier potentially allows it to be
`used to access content or, in the example, play music without
`the need to be linked to a communications system or to be
`on-line to the internet. By providing a use record memory on
`the data carrier, use of the stored data can be tracked while
`off-line and then any necessary payment can be made when
`the data carrier is next coupled to a communication system.
`This allows the data carrier to operate in a credit mode. In a
`debit mode, the additional storage of use rules facilitates the
`regulation of access to content data stored on the carrier
`without the need for further exchange of payment/use data
`with an external system to validate the use.
`By combining digital rights management with content data
`storage using a single carrier, the stored content data becomes
`mobile and can be accessed anywhere while retaining control
`over the stored data for the data content provider or data
`copyright owner. Preferably,
`the data carrier also stores
`access control data, such as a user ID and a password, as the
`stored data may be valuable. The access control data may be
`combined with access control to the payment data, which is
`typically by means ofa PIN (Personal Identification Number)
`to simplify access to valued content stored on the carrier.
`In one embodiment the stored content data is encrypted and
`a unique password or PIN and/or biometric data is required
`for decryption. The data carrier may be arranged so that the
`content is erased after a predetermined number of incorrect
`access attempts. Additionally or alternatively, a permanently
`stored flag may be set and/or a hardware modification (such as
`a fusable link) may be made to prevent the data carrier from
`functioning for further data storage/retrieval. Preferably,
`however, access to any stored value/payment data is never-
`theless retained.
`
`Supplementary data may also be stored on the carrier in
`association with stored content data. This supplementary data
`may comprise customer reward management data and/or
`advertising data. The supplementary data may comprise a
`pointer to an external data source from which data is down-
`loaded either to the da