8,OOO
`Entries
`
`with online updates
`availalrle quarterly
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 1
`
`

`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright O 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0-7356-0615-3
`1. Computers Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`L Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538 1999
`004'.03--dc2l
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`12345678
`9 MLML 432t09
`Distributed in Canada by ITP Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspress.microsoft.com.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX,
`Authenticode, BackOffice, Directlnput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 2
`
`

`
`CONTRIBUTORS
`
`JoAnne Woodcock
`Senior Contributor
`
`Peter Aiken
`
`Thomas P. Magliery
`
`Janice Borzendowski
`
`David Mason
`
`Jerome Colburn
`
`Andrew Himes
`
`Robert Howecton
`
`Annette B. Jackson
`
`Larry S. Jackson
`
`Thomas A. Jackson
`
`Chris Kinata
`
`Ilana Kingsley
`
`Thomas A. Long
`
`William G. Madison
`
`Terrence M. Mcl-aren
`
`Wallace Parker
`
`Charles Petzold
`
`Phil Rose
`
`John Ross
`
`David Rygmyr
`
`Michael Vose
`
`Bruce Webster
`
`Judson D. Weeks
`
`Illustrators
`
`Rob Nance
`
`Joel Panchot
`
`Travis Beaven
`
`Alton Lawson
`
`David Holter
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 3
`
`

`
`Apple Events
`
`application
`
`Apple Events n. A feature added to Mac OS System 7
`that enables one application to send a command,
`such as save or open, to another application. See also
`Mac OS.
`Apple Extended Keyboard n. A 105-key keyboard
`that works with the Macintosh SE, Macintosh II, and
`Apple IIGS computers. This keyboard marks Apple's
`first inclusion of function (F) keys, whose absence
`was long cited as a shortcoming of the Macintosh
`compared with IBM PCs and compatibles. This fea-
`ture, along with other layout changes and the addi-
`tion of new keys and lights, makes the Apple
`Extended Keyboard quite similar in form to the IBM
`enhanced keyboard. See the illustration. See also
`enhanced keyboard.
`Apple II n. The second computer introduced by the
`Apple Computer Corporation, in April 197'7 . The
`Apple II featured 4K dynamic RAM, expandable to
`48K (with 16K chips), and used the 6502 micropro-
`cessor. The Apple II was the first computer to offer a
`TV video adapter as an optional alternative to a color
`computer monitor. It also featured sound and eight
`expansion slots. ,See also 6502.
`Apple key n. A key on Apple keyboards labeled with
`an outline of the Apple logo. On the Apple Extended
`Keyboard, this key is the same as the Command key,
`which functions similarly to the Control key on IBM
`and compatible keyboards. It is generally used in
`conjunction with a character key as a shortcut to
`making menu selections or starting a macro.
`Apple Macintosh n. See Macintosh.
`Apple Newton n. See Newton.
`
`AppleScript n. A script language developed by Apple
`Computer, Inc., for Macintosh computers running
`under the Mac OS to execute commands and auto-
`mate functions. See also script.
`AppleShare n. A file server software developed by
`Apple Computer, Inc., that works with the Mac OS
`and allows one Macintosh computer to share files
`with another on the same network. See also file
`server, Mac OS.
`applet \a'plat\ n. A program that can be downloaded
`over the Internet and executed on the recipient's ma-
`chine. Applets are often written in the Java program-
`ming language and run within browser software, and
`they are typically used to customize or add interac-
`tive elements to a Web page.
`AppleTalk n. An inexpensive local area network de-
`veloped by Apple Computer, Inc., for Macintosh
`computers that can be used by Apple and non-Apple
`computers to communicate and share resources such
`as printers and file servers. Non-Apple computers
`must be equipped with AppleTalk hardware and suit-
`able software. The network uses a layered set of pro-
`tocols similar to the ISO/OSI reference model and
`transfers information in the form of packets called
`frames. AppleTalk supports connections to other
`AppleTalk networks through devices known as
`bridges, and it supports connections to dissimilar
`networks through devices called gateways. See also
`bridge, frame (definition 2), gateway.
`application n. A program designed to assist in the
`performance of a specific task, such as word process-
`ing, accounting, or inventory management. Compare
`utility.
`
`ffi I-TJffi mmSm mr.-]; lffiIi H E *l il'
`FI*T*l
`lr; lal*,N
`,R,
`
`l-l+ l+l
`
`Apple Extended Keyboartl.
`
`26
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 4
`
`

`
`application program intefface
`
`area search
`
`application program interface n. See application
`programming interface.
`application programming interface n. A set of rou-
`tines used by an application program to direct the
`performance of procedures by the computer's operat-
`ing system. Acronym: API. A/so called application
`program interface.
`application shortcut key n. A key or combination of
`keys that when pressed will quickly perform an ac-
`tion within an application that would normally re-
`quire several user actions, such as menu selections.
`Also called keyboard shortcut.
`application software n. See application.
`application-specific integrated circuit n. See gate
`,uTay.
`application suite n. See suite (definition l).
`arbitration n. A set of rules for resolving competing
`demands for a machine resource by multiple users or
`processes. See also contention.
`.arc n. The file extension that identifies compressed
`archive files encoded using the Advanced RISC
`Computing Specification (ARC) format. See also
`compressed file.
`arcade game n. 1. A coin-operated computer game
`for one or more players that features high-quality
`screen graphics, sound, and rapid action. 2. Any
`computer game designed to mimic the style of a
`coin-operated arcade game, such as games marketed
`for the home computer. See also computer game.
`Archie n. An Internet utility for frnding files in public
`archives obtainable by anonymous FTP. The master
`Archie server at McGill University in Montreal
`downloads FTP indexes from participating FTP serv-
`ers and merges them into a master list and sends up-
`dated copies of the master list to other Archie servers
`each day. Archie is a shortened form of archive. See
`also anonymous FTP, FTP' (definition l). Compare
`Jughead, Veronica.
`Archie client n. See Archie.
`Archie server n. On the Internet, a server that con-
`tains Archie indexes to the names and addresses of
`files in public FTP archives. See also Archie, FTP'
`(definition l), server (definition 2).
`architecture n. L. The physical construction or design
`of a computer system and its components. See also
`cache, CISC, closed architecture, network architec-
`ture, open architecture, pipelining, RISC. 2. The
`
`data-handling capacity of a microprocessor. 3. The
`design of application software incorporating proto-
`cols and the means for expansion and interfacing
`with other programs.
`archiver n. l. Atape or disk containing frles copied
`from another storage device and used as backup stor-
`age.2. A compressed file. 3. A file directory on the
`Internet that is available by File Transfer Protocol
`(FTP) or an Internet directory established for dis-
`semination of stored files.
`archive2 vb. l.'fo copy files onto a tape or disk for
`long-term storage. 2. To compress a file.
`archive bit n. A bit that is associated with a frle and is
`used to indicate whether or not the file has been
`backed up. See a/so back up, bit.
`archive file n. A file that contains a set of files, such
`as a program with its documentation and example
`input files, or collected postings from a newsgroup.
`On UNIX systems, archive files can be created using
`the tar program; they can then be compressed using
`compress or gzip. PKZIP under MS-DOS and Win-
`dows and Stufflt under Mac OS create archive files
`that are already compressed. See also compressr,
`gzip, PKZIP, Stuffl t, tar'.
`archive site n. A site on the Internet that stores files.
`The files are usually accessed through one of the fol-
`lowing ways: downloaded through anonymous FTP,
`retrieved through Gopher, or viewed on the World
`Wide Web. See also anonymous FTP, Gopher.
`ARCnet \iirk'net\ n. Short for Attached Resource
`Computer Network. A form of token bus network
`architecture for PC-based LANs devetoped by
`Datapoint Corporation. ARCnet relies on a bus or
`star topology and can support up to 255 nodes. Dif-
`ferent versions mn at speeds of 1.5 mbps, 20 Mbps
`(ARCnet Plus), and 100 Mbps.
`ARCnet Plus n. See ARCnet.
`area chart n. A graphical presentation, such as of
`quarterly sales figures, that uses shading or coloring
`to emphasize the difference between the line repre-
`senting one set of data points and the line represent-
`ing a separate but related set of data points. See the
`illustration.
`area search n. In information management, the ex-
`amination of a group of documents for the purpose of
`identifying those that are relevant to a particular sub-
`ject or category.
`
`28
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 5
`
`

`
`cartridge foni
`
`ce,$g
`
`cascade connection n. See pipe (definition l).
`cascaded star topolory n. A star network in which
`nodes connect to hubs and hubs connect to other
`hubs in a hierarchical (cascaded) parent/child rela-
`tionship. This topology is characteristic of l00Base-
`VG networks.
`cascading menu n. A hierarchical graphical menu
`system in which a side menu of subcategories is
`displayed when the pointer is placed on the main
`category.
`Cascading Style Sheet mechanism n. See cascading
`style sheets.
`cascading style sheets n. A Hypertext Markup Lan-
`guage (HTML) specification developed by The
`World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) that allows au-
`thors of HTML documents and users to attach style
`sheets to HTML documents. The style sheets include
`typographical information on how the page should
`appear, such as the font of the text in the page. This
`specification also directs the way in which the style
`sheets of the HTML document and the user's style
`will blend. Cascading style sheets have been pro-
`posed for the HTML 3.2 standard. Also called Cas-
`cading Style Sheet mechanism, CSSl. See also
`HTML, style sheet (definition 2).
`cascading windows n. A sequence of successive,
`overlapping windows in a graphical user interface,
`displayed so that the title bar of each is visible. A/so
`ca I I e d overlaid windows.
`case n. In text processing, an indication of whether
`one or more alphabetic characters are capitalized
`(uppercase) or not (lowercase). A case-sensitive pro-
`gram or routine distinguishes between uppercase and
`lowercase letters and treats the wotd cat as totally
`distinct from either Cat or CAT. A case-sensitive pro-
`gram that also separates capitalized and lowercased
`words would list Arkansasbeforc aardvark or anti-
`mony, even though its alphabetic position follows
`both lowercased words.
`CASE \kas\ n. Acronym for computer-aided software
`engineering. A comprehensive label for software de-
`signed to use computers in all phases of computer
`program development, from planning and modeling
`through coding and documentation. CASE represents
`a working environment consisting of programs and
`other development tools that help managers, systems
`
`Carte sian c oordinate s.
`cartridge font n. A font contained in a plug-in car-
`tridge and used to add fonts to laser, ink-jet, or
`high-end dot-matrix printers. Cartridge fonts are dis-
`tinguished both from internal fonts, which are con-
`tained in ROM in the printer and are always
`available, and from downloadable (soft) fonts, which
`reside on disk and which can be sent to the printer as
`needed. See also fontcartridge. Compare internal
`font.
`cascade n. L. Additional elements displayed by a
`menu item or list box from which the user can
`choose in order to interact with other screen ele-
`ments. See the illustration. 2. In newsgroup articles,
`the accumulation of quotation marks (often angle
`brackets) added by newsgroup readers each time an
`article is replied to. Most newsgroup readers will
`copy the original article in the body of the reply; af-
`ter several replies, the original material will have
`several quotation marks. See also article, newsgroup,
`newsreader.
`
`Cascade.
`
`75
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 6
`
`

`
`Communications Act of 1934
`
`:,r,'', .
`
`Communications Terminat Prstosql
`
`channel (defi nition 2), communications protocol,
`IEEE, ISDN, ISO/OSI model, LAN, modem, net-
`work, synchronous transmission. Compare data
`transmission, telecommunications, teleprocess.
`Communications Act of 1934 n. See FCC.
`communications channel n. ,See channel (deftnition 2).
`communications controller n. A device used as an
`intermediary in transferring communications to and
`from the host computer to which it is connected. By
`relieving the host computer of the actual tasks of
`sending, receiving, deciphering, and checking trans-
`missions for errors, a communications controller
`helps to make efficient use of the host computer's
`processing time-time that might be better used for
`noncommunications tasks. A communications con-
`troller can be either a programmable machine in its
`own right or a nonprogrammable device designed to
`follow certain communications protocols. See also
`front-end processor (defi nition 2).
`communications link n. The connection between
`computers that enables data transfer.
`communications network z. See network.
`communications parameter n. Any of several set-
`tings required in order to enable computers to com-
`municate. In asynchronous communications, for
`example, modem speed, number of data bits and stop
`bits, and type of parity ,ue parameters that must be
`set correctly to establish communication between
`two modems.
`communications port n. See COM (definition l).
`communications program n. A software program
`that enables a computer to connect with another com-
`puter and to exchange information. For initiating
`communications, communications programs perform
`such tasks as maintaining communications param-
`eters, storing and dialing phone numbers automati-
`cally, recording and executing logon procedures, and
`repeatedly dialing busy lines. Once a connection is
`made, communications programs can also be in-
`structed to save incoming messages on disk or to find
`and transmit disk files. During communication, these
`types of programs perform the major, and usually
`invisible, tasks of encoding data, coordinating trans-
`missions to and from the distant computer, and
`checking incoming data for transmission errors.
`communications protocol n. A set of rules or stan-
`dards designed to enable computers to connect with
`
`one another and to exchange information with as
`little error as possible. The protocol generally ac-
`cepted for standardizing overall computer communi-
`cations is a seven-layer set of hardware and software
`guidelines known as the OSI (Open Systems Inter-
`connection) model. A somewhat different standard,
`widely used before the OSI model was developed, is
`IBM's SNA (Systems Network Architecture). The
`word protocol is often used, sometimes confusingly,
`in reference to a multitude of standards affecting dif-
`ferent aspects of communication, such as file transfer
`(for example, XMODEM and ZMODEM), handshak-
`ing (for example, XON/XOFF), and network trans-
`missions (for example, CSMA/CD). See also ISOI
`OSI model, SNA.
`communications satellite n. A satellite stationed in
`geosynchronous orbit that acts as a microwave relay
`station, receiving signals sent from a ground-based
`station (earth station), amplifying them, and retrans-
`mitting them on a different frequency to another
`ground-based station. Initially used for telephone and
`television signals, communications satellites can also
`be used for high-speed transmission of computer
`data. Two factors affecting the use of satellites with
`computers, however, are propagation delay (the time
`lag caused by the distance traveled by the signal) and
`security concerns. See also downlink, uplink.
`communications server n. A gateway that translates
`packets on a local area network (LAN) into asyn-
`chronous signals, such as those used on telephone
`lines or in RS-232-C serial communications, and
`allows all nodes on the LAN access to its modems or
`RS-232-C connections. See also gateway, RS-232-C
`standard.
`communications slot n. On many models of the
`Apple Macintosh, a dedicated expansion slot for net-
`work interface cards. Acronym: CS.
`communications software n. The software that con-
`trols the modem in response to user commands. Gen-
`erally such software includes terminal emulation as
`well as file transfer facilities. See also modem, termi-
`nal emulation.
`communications system n. The combination of hard-
`ware, software, and data transfer links that make up a
`communications facility.
`Communications Terminal Protocol n. A terminal
`protocol that enables a user at a remote location to
`access a computer as if the remote computer were
`
`98
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 7
`
`

`
`database
`
`database n. A file composed ofrecords, each contain-
`ing fields together with a set of operations for search-
`ing, sorting, recombining, and other functions.
`database administrator n. One who manages a data-
`base. The administrator determines the content, inter-
`nal structure, and access strategy for a database,
`defines security and integrity, and monitors perfor-
`matce. Acronym: DBA. Also called database manager.
`database analyst n. One who provides the analytic
`functions needed to design and maintain applications
`requiring a database.
`database designer n. One who designs and implements
`functions required for applications that use a database.
`database engine n. The program module or modules
`that provide access to a database management system
`(DBMS).
`database machine n. 1. A peripheral that executes
`database tasks, thereby relieving the main computer
`from performing them. 2. A database server that per-
`forms only database tasks.
`database management system n. A software inter-
`face between the database and the user. A database
`management system handles user requests for data-
`base actions and allows for control of security and
`data integrity requirements. Acronym: DBMS. A/so
`called database manager. See also database engine.
`database manager n. See database administrator,
`database management system.
`database publishing n. The use of desktop publishing
`or Internet technology to produce reports containing
`information obtained from a database.
`database server ,?. A network node, or station, dedi-
`cated to storing and providing access to a shared data-
`base. A/so called database machine.
`database structure n. A general description ofthe
`format of records in a database, including the number
`of fields, specifications regarding the type of data that
`can be entered in each field, and the field names used.
`data bit n. In asynchronous communications, one of a
`group of from 5 to 8 bits that represents a single char-
`acter of data for transmission. Data bits are preceded
`by a start bit and followed by an optional parity bit
`and one or more stop bits. See also asynchronous
`transmission, bit, communications parameter.
`data buffer n. An area in memory where data is tem-
`porarily stored while being moved from one location
`to another. See also bufferl.
`
`data bus n. See bus.
`data cable n. Fiber-optic or wire cable used to transfer
`data from one device to another.
`data capture n. 1. The collection ofinformation at the
`time of a transaction. 2. The process of saving on a
`storage medium a record of interchanges between a
`user and a remote information utility.
`data carrier n. See carie.r (definition 1).
`Data Carrier Detected n. See DCD (definition l).
`data chaining z. The process of storing segments of
`data in noncontiguous locations while retaining the
`ability to reconnect them in the proper sequence.
`data channel n. See channel (definition 1).
`data collection n. 1. The process of acquiring source
`documents or data. 2. The grouping ofdata by means
`of classification, sorting, ordering, and other organiz-
`ing methods.
`datacom n. Short for data communications. See com-
`munications.
`data communications r. See communications.
`data compaction n. See data compression.
`data compression n. A means of reducing the amount
`of space or bandwidth needed to store or transmit a
`block of data, used in data communications, facsimile
`transmission, hle storage and transfer, and CD-ROM
`publishing. Also called data compaction.
`data conferencing z. Simultaneous data communica-
`tion among geographically separated participants in a
`meeting. Data conferencing involves whiteboards and
`other software that enable a single set of files at one
`location to be accessed and modified by all partici-
`pants. See the illustration. See also desktop
`conferencing, whiteboard. Compare video
`conferencing.
`
`Data conferencing.
`
`L23
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 8
`
`

`
`,doc
`
`docurnelt ir11r43 prBo&$*tgr
`
`of the hypothetical company Apex. Also called name
`server. See a/so DNS (definition 2), IP address.
`.doc n. A file extension that identifies document files
`formatted for a word processor. This is the default
`file extension for Microsoft Word document files.
`dock vD. 1. To connect a laptop or notebook computer
`to a docking station. See also docking station, laptop,
`portable computer. 2. To move a toolbar to the edge
`of an application window so that it attaches to and
`becomes a feature of the application window.
`docking mechanism n. The portion of a docking sta-
`tion that physically connects the portable computer
`with the station. See also docking station.
`docking station n. A unit for housing a laptop or
`notebook computer that contains a power connection,
`expansion slots, and connections to peripherals, such
`as a monitor, printer, full-sized keyboard, and mouse.
`The purpose of a docking station is to turn the laptop
`or notebook computer into a desklop machine and
`allow users the convenience of using such peripherals
`as a monitor and a full-sized keyboard. See the illus-
`tration. See a/so expansion slot, laptop, peripheral,
`portable computer.
`
`Docking station.
`DOCSIS \dok'sis\ n. Acronym for Data Over Cable
`Service Interface Specification. The International
`Telecommunications Union standard (ITU Recom-
`mendation J. I I 2) that specifies functions and internal
`and external interfaces for high-speed, bidirectional
`transfer of digital data between cable television net-
`works and subscribers. DOCSlS-compliant equip-
`ment ensures interoperability between cable modems
`and the cable television infrastructure, regardless of
`manufacturer or provider. Initially developed by a
`group of cable television providers, including Time
`Warner and TCI, DOCSIS was designed to support
`data, video, and rapid lnternet access. Data rates rue
`27 Mbps or 36 Mbps downstream (from the cable
`
`network) and 320 Kbps to l0 Mbps upstream (to the
`cable network). See also cable modem. Compare
`IEEE 802.14.
`doctype \dok'tip\ n. A declaration at the beginning of
`an SGML document that gives a public or system
`identifier for the document type definition (DTD) of
`the document. See also SGML.
`documentr n. Any self-contained piece of work cre-
`ated with an application program and, if saved on
`disk, given a unique filename by which it can be
`retrieved. Documents are generally thought of as
`word-processed materials only. To a computer, how-
`ever, data is nothing more than a collection of char-
`acters, so a spreadsheet or a graphic is as much a
`document as is a letter or report. In the Macintosh
`environment in particular, a document is any user-
`created work named and saved as a separate file.
`document2 vb. To explain or annotate something, such
`as a program or a procedure.
`documentation z. The set of instructions shipped with
`a program or a piece ofhardware. Documentation usu-
`ally includes necessary information about the type of
`computer system requi-red, setup instructions, and in-
`structions on the use and maintenance of the product.
`document-centric adj. Of, pertaining to, or character-
`istic ofan operating system in which the user opens
`document files and thus automatically invokes the
`applications (such as word processors or spreadsheet
`programs) that process them. Many graphical user
`interfaces, such as the Macintosh Finder, as well as
`the-World Wide Web, are document-centric. Compare
`application-centric.
`Document Content Architecture n. See DCA (defi-
`nition 1).
`Document Content Description n. See DCD (defini-
`tion 2).
`document file n. A user-created file that represents
`the output of a program. Also called datafie. Com-
`pare prograrr ffle.
`document image processing n. A system for storing
`and retrieving information for an enterprise in the
`form of bitmapped images of paper documents input
`with a scanner rather than in the form of text and
`numeric files. Document image processing takes
`more memory than purely electronic data processing,
`but it more readily incorporates signatures, drawings,
`and photographs and can be more familiar to users
`without computer training. See also paperless offrce.
`
`749
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 9
`
`

`
`procedure call
`
`program counter
`
`types, and variables, that usually performs a single
`task. A procedure can usually be called (executed) by
`other procedures, as well as by the main body ofthe
`program. Some languages distinguish between a pro-
`cedure and a function, with the latter (the function)
`returning a value. See also function, parameter, pro-
`cedural language, routine, subroutine.
`procedure call n. In programming, an instruction that
`causes a procedure to be executed. A procedure call
`can be located in another procedure or in the main
`body of the program. See also procedure.
`processr n. A program or part of a program; a coher-
`ent sequence of steps undertaken by a program.
`process2 vD. To manipulate data with a program.
`process-bound adj. Limited in performance by pro-
`cessing requirements. See also computation-bound.
`process color n. A method of handling color in a
`document in which each block of color is separated
`into its subtractive primary color components for
`printing: cyan, magenta, and yellow (as well as
`black). A11 other colors are created by blending lay-
`ers of various sizes of halftone spots printed in cyan,
`magenta, and yellow to create the image. See also
`color model, color separation (definition l). Compare
`spot color.
`processing n. The manipulation of data within a com-
`puter system. Processing is the vital step between
`receiving data (input) and producing results (out-
`put)-the task for which computers are designed.
`processor n. See cettral processing unit, micropro-
`cessor.
`Processor Direct Slot n. See PDS (definition l).
`Processor InpuUOutput n. See PlO.
`Prodigy Information Service n. An online informa-
`tion service founded by IBM and Sears. Like its
`competitors America Online and CompuServe,
`Prodigy offers access to databases and file libraries,
`online chat, special interest groups, e-mail, and
`Internet connectivity. Also called Prodigy.
`product n. l. An operator in the relational algebra
`used in database management that, when applied to
`two existing relations (tables), results in the creation
`of a new table containing all possible ordered concat-
`enations (combinations) of tuples (rows) from the
`first relation with tuples from the second. The num-
`ber of rows in the resulting relation is the product of
`the number of rows in the two source relations. A/so
`
`c all e d Cartesian product. C ompare inner join. 2. In
`mathematics, the result of multiplying two or more
`numbers. 3. In the most general sense, an entity con-
`ceived and developed for the purpose of competing
`in a commercial market. Although computers are
`products, the term is more commonly applied to soft-
`ware, peripherals, and accessories in the computing
`arena.
`production system r. In expert systems, an approach
`to problem solving based on an "IF this, THEN that"
`approach that uses a set of rules, a database of infor-
`mation, and a "rule interpreter" to match premises
`with facts and form a conclusion. Production systems
`are also known as rule-based systems or inference
`systems. See also expert system.
`Professional Graphics Adapter r. A video adapter
`introduced by IBM, primarily for CAD applications.
`The Professional Graphics Adapter is capable of dis-
`playing 256 colors, with a horizontal resolution of
`640 pixels and a vertical resolution of 480 pixels.
`Acronym: PGA.
`Professional Graphics Display z. An analog display
`introduced by IBM, intended for use with their Pro-
`fessional Graphics Adapter. See also Professional
`Graphics Adapter.
`profiler n. See user profile.
`profile2 vb.To analyze a program to determine how
`much time is spent in different parts of the program
`during execution.
`Proliles for Open Systems Internetworking
`Technology n. See POSIT.
`programr n. A sequence of instructions that can be
`executed by a computer. The term can refer to the
`original source code or to the executable (machine
`language) version. Also called software. See also
`program creation, routine, statement.
`program2 vb. To create a computer program, a set of
`instructions that a computer or other device executes
`to perform a series of actions or a particular type of
`work.
`program card n. See PC Card, ROM card.
`program cartridge n. See ROM cartridge.
`program counter n. A register (small, high-speed
`memory circuit within a microprocessor) that con-
`tains the address (location) of the instruction to be
`executed next in the program sequence.
`
`359
`
`Apple, Exhibit 1034, Page 10
`
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`wristwatch but which, unlike those items, is interac-
`tive, responds to commands, and carries out instruc-
`tions. A wearable computer may be used like a
`conventional computer for data collection, storage,
`and retrieval, but without tying the user to a station-
`ary location while operating the computer. The earli-
`est wearable computers were clandestine devices
`used in the mid-1960s to predict the performance of
`roulette wheels. Today, wearable computers are used
`for such applications as inventory and express pack-
`age tracking.
`web n. A set of interlinked documents in a hypertext
`system. The user enters the web through a home
`page. See a/so World Wide Web.
`Web n. See World Wide Web.
`Web address n. See URL.
`Web author n. A person who creates content for the
`World Wide Web. A Web author might be a writer
`who produces text for a designer to include in a Web
`page, or such an author might be a Web designer who
`writes the text and also adds graphic elements and
`prepares the HTML code.
`Web-Based Enterprise Management n. See WBEM.
`Web browser a. Software that lets a user view HTML
`documents and access files and software related to
`those documents. Originally developed to allow users
`to view or "browse" documents on the World Wide
`Web, Web browsers can blur the distinction between
`local and remote resources for the user by also pro-
`viding access to documents on a network, an intranet,
`or the local hard drive. Web browser software is built
`on the concept ofhyperlinks, which allow users to
`point and click with a mouse in order to jump from
`document to document in whatever order they desire.
`Most Web browsers are also capable of downloading
`and transferring files, providing access to news-
`groups, displaying graphics embedded in the docu-
`ment, playing audio and video files associated with
`the document, and executing sma