The
`
`AMERICAN
`
`HERITAGE
`
`
`
`
`of 15/26
`English
`Language
`
`
`
`FIFTH
`
`EDIT I O N NETWORK-1 EXHIBIT 2012
`
`Sony v. Network-1
`
`CBM2015-00078
`
`Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
`BOSTON NEW YORK
`
`
`
`x2»yummflNwmxmmwmwwrmaww/m‘nmmkmflsmmfik‘qxfikfi
`
`wwwmmrznv‘wwvmvmwar/“or:
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Words are included in this dictionary on the basis of their usage. Words that
`are known to have current trademark registrations are shown with an initial
`capital and are also identified as trademarks. No investigation has been made
`of common—law trademark rights in any word, because such investigation is
`impracticable. The inclusion of any word in this dictionary is not, however,
`an expression of the publisher’s opinion as to whether or not it is subject to
`proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition in this dictionary is to be
`regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of American
`Heritage Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
`American Heritage Inc.
`
`Copyright © 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
`means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by
`any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission
`of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt unless such copying is expressly permitted by
`federal copyright law. Address inquiries to:
`Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
`222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116.
`
`Visit our website at www.ahdictionary.com
`or www.youareyourwords.com.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging—I’m-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language. -- 5th ed.
`p. cm.
`Previous ed.: 2000.
`ISBN 978—0—547-04101—8
`
`1. English language--Dictionaries.
`PE1628.A623 2011
`423——dc22
`
`201 1004777
`
`Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica
`
`2345678910—QGV—15 1413 1211
`
`

`

`rainmaker ] railentando
`high, of the Cascade Range in west-central Washington. It is the highest
`point in the range and the highest elevation in the state.
`rain-mak-er (ran’ma’kar) n. 1. Informal One who is known for
`achieving excellent results in a profession or field, such as business or
`politics. 2. One who is believed to be capable of producing rain, as
`through magical or ritual actions.
`rainemak-ing (ran’ma’king) n. 1. The process of producing or at-
`tempting to produce rain, as by magic. 2. Informal Cloud seeding. 3.
`Informal The process of achieving excellent results in a profession or
`field, such as politics.
`raineout (ran/out’) n. An event, such as an athletic contest, that has
`been rained out.
`rain Shadow n. An area having relatively little precipitation due to
`the effect ofa barrier, such as a mountain range, that causes the prevailing
`winds to lose their moisture before reaching it.
`rain-spout (ran/spout’) n. Chiefly Pennsylvania & New Jersey See
`gutter (sense 2).
`rain-squall (ran/skwol’) n. A squall accompanied by rain.
`rain-storm (rin’storm’) n. A storm accompanied by rain.
`rain-wash (ran/wosh’, -wosh’) n. Rock debris transported downhill
`by rain. ‘3‘
`tr.v. -wa5hed, -Wash-ing, -wash-es To wash (material)
`down a slope by rain.
`rain-wa-ter (ran’wé’tar, -w6t’ar) n. Water that has fallen as rain and
`contains little dissolved mineral matter.
`rainvwear (ran’war’) n. Waterproof clothing.
`rainey (ra'né) adj. -i-er, -i.est Characterized by, full of, or bringing
`rain. ——rainIi-ness n.
`rainy day n. A time of need or trouble.
`Rain-y Lake (ra'né) A lake of northern Minnesota and southwest
`Ontario, Canada, drained by the Rainy River, which flows about 130
`km (80 mi) generally westward along the US—Canadian border to Lake
`of the Woods.
`Raiapur (ri’pobr) A city of east—central India east of Nagpur. It is the
`capital of the state of Chhattisgarh.
`raise (raz) v. raised, raiSoing, rais-es —tr. 1. To move to a higher
`position; elevate: raised the loads with a crane. See Synonyms at lift.
`2. To set in an upright or erect position: raise a flagpole. 3. To erect or
`build: raise a new building. 4. To cause to arise, appear, or exist: The slap
`raised a welt. 5. To increase in size, quantity, or worth: raise an employee’s
`salary. 6. To increase in intensity, degree, strength, or pitch: raised his
`voice. 7. To improve in rank or dignity; promote: raised her to manage—
`ment level. 83. To grow, especially in quantity; cultivate: raise corn and
`soybeans. b. To breed and care for to maturity: raise cattle. c. To bring
`up; rear: raise children. d. To accustom to something from an early age:
`“a post-World War II generation raised on shopping malls and multiplex
`cinemas” (Gustav Niebuhr). 9. To put forward for consideration: raised
`an important question. See Synonyms at broach‘. 10. To voice; utter:
`raise a shout. 11a. To awaken; arouse: noise that would raise the dead. b.
`To stir up; instigate: raise a revolt. c. To bring about; provoke: remarks
`intended to raise a laugh. 12. To make contact with by radio: couldn’t
`raise the control tower after midnight. 13. To gather together; collect: raise
`moneyfrom the neighbors for a charity 14. To cause (dough) to puff up.
`15. To end (a siege) by withdrawing troops or forcing the enemy troops
`to withdraw. 16. To remove or withdraw (an order). 17. Games a. To
`increase (a poker bet). b. To bet more than (a preceding better in poker).
`c. To increase the bid of (one’s bridge partner). 18. Nautical To bring into
`sight by approaching nearer: raised the Cape. 19. To alter and increase
`fraudulently the written value of (a check, for example). 20. To cough up
`(phlegm). 21. Scots To make angry; enrage. —intr. Games To increase a
`poker bet or a bridge bid. '2‘ n. 1. The act of raising or increasing. 2. An
`increase in salary. -—-idioms: raise Cain (or the devil or hell) 1. To
`behave in a rowdy or disruptive fashion. 2. To reprimand someone an-
`grily. raise eyebrows To cause surprise or mild disapproval. raise the
`stakes To increase one’s commitment or involvement. [Middle English
`raisen < Old Norse reisa; see er—1 in App. 1.] -~raisler n.
`
`
`
`
`
`Sir Walter Raleigh
`
`
`
`c. 1720 Indian gouache
`painting of Rama (right) and
`his wife Sita (left)
`
`
`
`+USAGE NOTE A traditional usage rule holds that people raise crops
`and farm animals but rear children. Nonetheless, people have been rais—
`ing children in English since the 17005, and the usage has been standard
`for many generations, at least in American English. The Usage Panel finds
`the use of raise acceptable both for children and for livestock, but makes
`a distinction regarding the verb rear, which it approves for children but
`has reservations about for animals. In our 2002 survey, only 40 percent
`accepted the sentence The settlers reared cattle in the Valley before it was
`flooded. The lesson is clear: contemporary usage allows writers to raise
`both children and livestock, but writers should probably rear children
`only.
`
`raised (razd) adj. 1. Projecting from a flat background; in relief; em-
`bossed: a raised design. 2. Made light and high by yeast or other leaven.
`rai-sin (ra’zin) n. 1. A sweet grape dried either in the sun or by arti—
`ficial means. 2. A deep brownish purple. [Middle English < Old French,
`grape < Vulgar Latin *racimus < Latin racémus, bunch of grapes]
`rai-son d’é-tre (ra'zon det'rs, re-zoN) n., pl. rai-sons d'étre (rah
`
`
`145i
`
`raj also Raj (raj) n. Dominion or rule, especially the British rule
`India (1757—1947). [Hindi raj < Sanskrit raja, king; see reg- in App
`
`ra-ja or ra-jah (ra'ja, -zha) n. A prince, chief, or ruler in lndiao
`East Indies. [Hindi raja < Sanskrit, king; see reg- in App. 1.]
`u
`+ WORD HISTORY Raja is familiar to us from the Sanskrit rdjd ”
`and maharaja, “great king.” The Sanskrit root raj—, “to rule, comes
`the Indo-European root *reg—, “to move in a straight line, direct,
`
`The same root appears in Italic (Latin) and Celtic. Réx means “kin
`
`Latin, coming from *reg-s, whence our regal and, through Frenchq
`Two of the Gaulish kings familiar to us from Caesar, Dumnorix ,
`
`Vercingetorix, incorporate the Celtic word rix, “king,” in their na
`‘
`(Rix also forms part of the name ofthat fictitious Gaul Asterix.) Gemini
`at some time borrowed the Celtic word rix. It appears as reiks, "rule.
`
`in Gothic, as well as in older Germanic names ending in —ric, sushi
`Alaric and Theodoric, the latter of whom has a name that is equiv
`
`to German Dietrich, “people’s king.” A derivative of Celtic rix, ‘rig .
`meaning “rule, domain,” was also borrowed into Germanic, andi
`source of German Reich, “rule, empire.”
`
`
`
`Raj-ab (rfij’ab) n. The seventh month of the year in the Islami
`endar. See table at calendar. [Arabic rajab < rajaha, to fear, rever ..
`
`rgb in App. 11.]
`
`Raoja-sthan (réi'ja—stan’) A state of northwest India on the borir
`with Pakistan. Formerly composed of numerous princely states In
`under Rajput rule, the region fell to the British in the 18005, was nit
`
`grated into independent India after 1947, and gained statehood in 1956
`Jaipur is the capital.
`’
`Rajekot (raj’két’) A city of western India west—southwest of Ahmaii
`bad. Formerly the capital of a princely state, it is now an education
`center and a transportation hub.
`,
`Raj-put (r5j’po‘ot) n. A member of any of several powerful H
`landowning and military lineages inhabiting northern and central lull
`[Hindi rdjput < Sanskrit rajaputrah, king’s son : raja, king; see MIA
`putrah, son.]
`’
`rakel (rak) n. 1. A long—handled implement with a row of proj
`teeth at its head, used especially to gather leaves or to loosen or smut?
`earth. 2. A device that resembles such an implement. .3. v. raked, rill
`ing, rakes —tr. 1a. To gather or move with or as if with a rake: m’
`leaves into a pile; rake in the gambling chips. b. Informal To gain in abut
`dance. Often used with in: a successful company that raked in the p 1‘
`2a. To smooth, scrape, or loosen with a rake or similar implemenizm
`the soil for planting. b. To move over or across swiftly or harshly: Ci
`winds raked the plains. 3. To pull or drag (a comb or one’s fingers,
`example) over or through something, such as one’s hair. 4. To scrai
`scratch: Th; cat raked my arm with its claws. 5. To aim heavy gunfire
`the length of. -—intr. 1. To use a rake. 2. To conduct a thorough sears.
`raked through the files for the misplaced letter. ~phrasal verb: at
`up To revive or bring to light; uncover: rake up old gossip. —idio
`rake over the coals To reprimand severely. [Middle English < 0
`English raca; see reg- in App. 1.] —rak'er n.
`rakez (rak) n. A usually well-to-do man who is dissolute or promise
`_
`ous. [Short for RAKEHELL]
`rake3 (rak) intr. & tr.v. raked, rak-ing, rakes To slant or causes,
`incline from the perpendicular: propeller blades that rake backwardfm '
`the shaft; rake a ship’s mast. 0? n. 1. Inclination from the perpendicula
`the rake of a jet plane’s wings. 2. The angle between the cutting edge 0:
`tool and a plane perpendicular to the working surface to which the tech: ,
`applied. 3a. The angle at which a roof is inclined. b. The inclined edge
`a pitched roof or the roof of a gable or dormer. [Origin unknown]
`rake-hell (rak’hél’) n. An immoral or dissolute man. [Possiblybylo
`etymology < obsolete rackle, headstrong < Middle English rakel, perm,“
`< raken, to go.]
`rake-off (rak'of’, ~6f’ ) n. Informal A percentage or share ofthe pm?
`of an enterprise, especially one given or accepted as a bribe. [Froml
`rake used by a croupier in a gambling house]
`rak-i also rak-ee (rak’e, ra’ké, r'al/ka) n., pl. -is also -ees A brandy
`Turkey and the Balkans, distilled from grapes or plums and flavored \x'i
`anise. [Turkish raki < Arabic ‘araq, arak; see ARAK.]
`rak-ish1 (ra’kish) adj. 1. Nautical Having a trim, streamlined appear
`ance: “We were schooner-rigged and rakish, with a long and lissameimi’.
`(John Masefield). 2. Dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty. [Probabh
`RAKE3 (from the raking masts of pirate ships).]
`rak-ishz (ra’kish) adj. Of the character of a rake; dissolute.
`rale also réle (ral) n. An abnormal respiratory sound characterized=
`fine crackles. [French rdle < rdler, to make a rattling sound in the this}?
`< Old French racler, to scrape, rattle; see RACLETTE.]
`Ra-leigh (ro’lé, rah) The capital of North Carolina, in the east-central 3 .
`part of the state near Durham and Chapel Hill. It was laid out in 17%
`and named for Sir Walter Raleigh.
`Raleigh or Ra-Iegh (rolle, rah), Sir Walter 1552?—1618.Engiin
`courtier, navigator, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he led milim’
`campaigns in Ireland and Spain, explored Guiana, attempted to colonirr
`Virginia, and served as governor of Iersey (1600—1603). He was lair:
`
`'
`
`