IEEE 802.3 – DTE Power over MDI Working Group
`
`Draft proposed text for DTE Power section
`
`+33 3 90 67 77 02
`Voice:
`+33 3 90 67 70 18
`Fax:
`mailto: Raymond.Gass@sxb.bsf.alcatel.fr
`
`+33 1 55 66 57 06
`Voice:
`+33 1 55 66 57 38
`Fax :
`mailto: Gerard.Vergnaud@col.bsf.alcatel.fr
`
`Voice : +33 3 90 67 70 45
`Fax:
`+33 3 90 67 67 00
`mailto: Remy.Jaeger@sxb.bsf.alcatel.fr
`
`Raymond Gass
`Alcatel Business Systems
`1, Route Dr Albert Schweitzer
`67408 ILLKIRCH Cédex
`France
`
`Gérard Vergnaud
`Alcatel Business Systems
`32 Avenue Kléber
`92707 Colombes
`France
`
`Rémy Jaeger
`Alcatel Business Systems
`1, Route Dr Albert Schweitzer
`67408 ILLKIRCH Cédex
`France
`
`June 21, 2000
`
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`Project:
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`Title:
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`Sources:
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`Date:
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`Abstract:
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`This contribution provides material for the DTE Power section.
`
`
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`Notice:
`
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`Release:
`
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`
`Patent
`Policy and
`Procedures
`
`This document has been prepared to assist 802.3. It is offered as a basis for
`discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s).
`The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after
`further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw
`material contained herein
`
`The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate text
`contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an
`IEEE standard publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standard
`publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the
`IEEE4s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the
`resulting IEEE standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and
`accepts that this may be made public by 802.3
`
`The contributor is familiar with the IEEE 802.3 Patent Policy and Procedures
`Edition March 14, 1995, revised March 27, 1998 http://ieee802.org/3/patent.html
`
`SONY EXHIBIT 1016
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`Page 1 of 14
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`

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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`
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`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`Table of contents
`1
`DTE Power Via MDI......................................................................................................3
`1.1
`Overview.......................................................................................................................3
`1.1.1
`Scope ...........................................................................................................................3
`1.1.2
`Application perspective/objectives.................................................................................4
`1.1.3
`Relationship to ISO/IEC 8802-3.....................................................................................5
`1.1.4
`Compatibility considerations..........................................................................................5
`1.2
`Functional specifications ...............................................................................................6
`1.2.1
`Remote powering..........................................................................................................6
`1.2.2
`DTE impedance ............................................................................................................7
`1.2.3
`Configuration with multiple power distributions ..............................................................8
`System consideration for multi-segment operation ......................................................................9
`1.2.4 Mid-span insertion.......................................................................................................10
`1.2.5
`Discovery function.......................................................................................................11
`1.3
`State diagram and variable definitions.........................................................................11
`1.3.1
`State diagram variables ..............................................................................................11
`1.3.2
`State diagram timers ...................................................................................................11
`1.3.3
`State diagram .............................................................................................................12
`1.4
`Electrical specifications ...............................................................................................13
`1.4.1
`Power source..............................................................................................................13
`1.4.2
`Power available at DTE...............................................................................................13
`1.5
`Safety .........................................................................................................................14
`
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`2
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`CSMA/CD
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
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`1 DTE Power Via MDI
`
`1.1 Overview
`
`1.1.1 Scope
`
`Clause 0 describes the Remote Power function that allows a device connected to a CSMA/CD
`LAN to be powered via MDI from a remote power device. The following areas have been
`identified as potentially benefiting from power over MDI:
`•
`IP telephony
`• Web cameras
`• Wireless access point
`•
`Industrial automation
`• Home automation
`• Security Access Control and Monitoring Systems
`• Point of Sale Terminals
`• Lighting Control
`• Gaming and Entertainment Equipment
`• Building Management
`Remote Power is supplied over the data pairs and/or the spare pairs of the link segment, from a
`power source to the power sink. A discovery mechanism provides a detection function, to
`recognize amongst the various 10-BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T compatible devices
`those who have been designed to be remotely powered, either for normal operation or for backup
`purposes.
`
`
`
`
`
`PHY
`
`MDI
`
`Power
`Source
`
`Discovery
`Mechanism
`
`DCE
`
`Figure 1-1. – High-level model
`
`PHY
`
`DC/DC
`Converter
`
`DTE
`
`
`
`Power source and discovery mechanism might be implemented inside the DCE (hub, switch,
`etc.), but mid-span insertion is also possible and covered by this standard.
`
`DTEs that are locally powered, and that do not make use of the remote power are normally not
`remotely powered. Specific use of remote power for maintenance operation of this kind of DTE
`are left open to the implementors.
`
`DTEs that are locally powered, and that make use of the remote power are normally remotely
`powered.
`
`
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
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`
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`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
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`The discovery mechanism is in charge of recognizing if the DTE needs to be remotely powered
`or not and to control power injection over MDI. The basic mechanism to achieve identification of
`the category of DTE is to make impedance measurements of the termination. Measurements are
`performed under direct and under alternative voltage test sequences.
`
`The discovery mechanism remains active, to allow for a dynamic configuration of the installation:
`as an example, a DTE requiring remote power might be disconnected and replaced later on by
`another DTE that does not need remote power. These changes in the configuration need to be
`detected, and the power sending mechanism need to react accordingly.
`
`To maintain interoperability with existing CSMA/CD devices, the function recognizes 10BASE-T,
`100BASE-RX and 1000BASE-T compliant equipment. A device that does not show the right
`impedance will not be remotely powered, and link integrity is provided.
`
`Intermediate devices may need to be powered via the MDI, and in turn pass power on to an end
`point. These intermediate devices will be required to facilitate the economic mass deployment of
`VoIP telephones. This is illustrated in figure 1.2
`
`
`
`
`
`PHY
`
`MDI
`
`Repeater
`
`PHY
`
`Power
`Source
`
`Discovery
`Mechanism
`
`DC/DC
`Converter
`+ discovery
`
`DC/DC
`Converter
`
`DCE
`
`Intermediate Device
`
`DTE
`
`
`
`Figure 1-2. - Remote power of/through intermediate device
`
`1.1.2 Application perspective/objectives
`
`The Remote-Power function is designed to allow IEEE 802.3 compatible devices using an eight-
`pin modular connector to self-configure a segment for the provision of power over MDI.
`
`The following are the objectives of Remote-Power:
`a) Economically provide power to 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX devices, and consider powering
`1000BASE-T
`b) Select one power distribution technique for world-wide use
`c) Must not cause damage and interoperate with compliant RJ-45 MDI Ethernet devices,
`including switch-to-switch connections (both supplying power), cross-over cables, common
`mode termination implementations, shorted conductors, pairs or loopback plug
`d) Must have a capability detection function that works with a powered and a unpowered device
`e) Add appropriate management objects for power capability and status
`f) Support current standard, 4-pair, horizontal cabling infrastructure for installed Cat 3 and Cat
`5 cabling
`g) Must preserve the signal transmission and isolation characteristics of existing equipment and
`cabling
`h) Must do no harm to 1000BASE-T
`i) Must allow upgrade of a link from a non-powered to a powered solution by the use of external
`equipment (mid-span power insertion)
`
`4
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`Std 802.3af-2000
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`j) Consider interaction with other RJ-45 interfaces: Token Ring, ATM, FDDI, TP-PMD,
`1000BASE-T, ISDN, network test equipment, PBX
`k) Reasonable and cost-effective to implement
`l) Must consider intermediate devices that are powered via the MDI, and in turn pass power on
`to an end point
`m) Must be capable of operation in the absence of Network Management
`n) Must operate with DTEs that are already locally powered (backup or maintenance)
`o) Must operate properly when the DTE is electrically connected, powered up, reset,
`disconnected, replaced by either category (to be powered or not) of DTE
`p) Must not cause corruption of IEEE 802.3 Layer Management statistics
`q) Operates using a peer-to-peer master/slave mechanism
`r) Must not impact EMI/RFI emissions
`
`1.1.3 Relationship to ISO/IEC 8802-3
`
`The Remote-Power over MDI is provided at the Physical Layer of the OSI reference model
`
`1.1.4 Compatibility considerations
`
`The remote powering over MDI is designed to be compatible with 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX
`UTP, and do not harm to 1000BASE-T, with no changes to the existing MAC client interface. It is
`backwards compatible and interoperable with 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T
`compliant devices. The proposed standard will conform to 802 Functional Requirements.
`
`Implementation of the Remote Power over MDI is optional. For CSMA/CD compatible devices
`that use the eight-pin modular connector of ISO/IEC 8877:1992, if Remote Power is required,
`either for normal operation or for power backup operation, then the Remote Power over MDI shall
`be used in compliance with clause 0. If the implementor of a non-CSMA/CD eight-pin modular
`device wishes to assure that its operation does not conflict with CSMA/CD devices, then
`adherence to clause 0 is recommended.
`
`
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
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`1.2 Functional specifications
`
`1.2.1 Remote powering
`
`
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`Current is injected via the center taps of a transformer, using a Phantom Power method on the
`TX and RX pairs. In addition, current can be injected on the spare pairs in particular in case of
`terminals that need more power. The overall description of the remote power is given in figure 1.3
`
`MDI
`Rx+
`
`Rx-
`
`Tx+
`
`Tx-
`
`DTE Pow er Supply
`
`MDI
`Tx+
`
`Tx-
`
`Rx+
`
`Rx-
`
`-48V
`
`-5V
`
`DC current
` analyzer
`
`
`Frequency
` level
` analyzer
`
`Frequency
` generator
`
`
`0V
`
`Sw itches
`controller
`
`Figure 1-3. - Remote power injection and discovery functions
`
`
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`Page 6 of 14
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`CSMA/CD
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`1.2.2 DTE impedance
`
`
`
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`The discovery function makes measurements to checks the presence of capacitor C1 (see figure
`1.4, 1.5 and 1.6). A terminal designed to be powered from the link just needs to have this
`particular input impedance. The following figures illustrate the cases where the DTE has already
`a local power or not, with simple or sophisticated protection against reverse polarity.
`
`L
`
`
`DC/DC Converter
`
`C1
`
`To remote
`power
`source
`
`
`Figure1.4. Terminal without local power source
`
`
`
`To remote
`power source
`
`To local
`power
`
`C2
`
`L
`
`DC/DC Converter
`
`C1
`
`
`
`Figure 1.5. Terminal with local power, and simple protection
`
`C3
`
`C3
`
`C3
`
`C3
`
`L
`
`DC/DC Converter
`
`C1
`
`To remote
`power
`source
`
`
`To local
`power
`
`Figure 1.6. DTE with local power and protection including possible reverse polarity
`
`
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`Page 7 of 14
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`1.2.3 Configuration with multiple power distributions
`
`In addition to the main power distribution, using phantom mode over the data pairs, additional
`power distribution may be provided over the spare pairs. This is useful in particular in the
`following cases:
`•
`to cope with terminals that were designed to be powered through spare pairs
`•
`to provide more power when needed
`
`The reference configuration for the double power feeding is described in Figure 1.7. The access
`lead designations a to h reflect pin assignment, which are specified in clause XXX. The use of
`leads a,b,c and d is mandatory. The use of leads e,f,g and h is optional.
`
`Pow ering (note 1)
`
`Power source 1
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`6
`
`Power source 2
`
`Power source 3
`
`+ note 3
`
`transmit
`
`-
`
`+
`
`receive
`
`receive
`
`transmit
`
`-
`
`4
`5
`
`7
`8
`
`DTE
`+ (note 2)
`
`Power sink 1
`
`-
`
`Power sink 2
`
`Power sink 3
`
`Note 1: hub or switch that provides power to the DTE
`Note 2: this symbol refers to the polarity of power during normal conditions
`Note 3: this symbol refers to the polarity of data pulses
`
`Figure 1.7. Reference configuration for multiple power sources
`
`
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`8
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`Page 8 of 14
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`System consideration for multi-segment operation
`
`Intermediate devices like repeaters may need remote power to ensure operation even when local
`electrical power is down. This is depicted in figure 1.8, where
`•
`remote power is passed through the repeater
`•
`the repeater is also fed via phantom
`•
`the discovery process recognizes the DTE to be fed from the source
`
`Source
`
`Discovery
`process + Power
`source 1
`
`Repeater
`
`Repeater
`
`DC/DC
`
`Terminal
`
`DC/DC
`
`
`Figure 1.8. - Remote power of / through a repeater
`
`There are cases where more power is needed due to the intrinsic consumption of the
`intermediate equipment, and to the increase of the length of the link and subsequent line loss. In
`these cases, power sources 2 and 3 may be “wired-or-ed”:
`
`Repeater
`
`Repeater
`
`DC/DC
`
`Terminal
`
`DC/DC
`
`
`Source
`
`Discovery process
`+ Power source 1
`
`Power source 2
`
`Power source 3
`
`Fig 1.9. - Remote power with several power sources
`
`The additional power sources may also be used in conjunction with a discovery mechanism in
`the intermediate equipment to provide remote power through a hub.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9
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`Page 9 of 14
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`1.2.4 Mid-span insertion
`
`
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`Mid-span insertion is the solution to upgrade an existing installation without changing the hub or
`the switch. It is described in figure 1.10. Power is sent outside the switch or hub, and uses spare
`pairs so as to avoid any interaction with data pairs.
`
`To cope with both solutions (phantom mode over data pairs and direct mode over spare pairs),
`the terminal shall be designed to receive power in both modes.
`
`Hub or switch
`
`Mid-span insertion
`
`Terminal
`
`Tx
`
`Rx
`
`DC current
`analyz er
`
`Switches
`Controller
`
`AC leve
`analyz erl
`
`-48V
`
`-5V
`
`0V
`
`AC/DC
`converter
`
`Frequency
`generator
`
`Rx
`
`Tx
`
`DC/DC
`converter
`
`Figure 1.10. - Mid span insertion over spare pairs
`
`10
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`1.2.5 Discovery function
`
`
`
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`The discovery function determines the category of DTE that is connected. The main principle of
`the discovery is based on a measurement of the impedance of the link, so as to be able to detect
`• A capacitance, which is the signature of a terminal that is equipped for remote power
`• Another impedance (e.g. Bob Smith termination) for a terminal that do not need remote power
`• Short circuit
`• Open circuit
`• Together with any change occurring later on (terminal disconnected, replaced by a DTE that
`does not need to be powered, short circuit repared, etc. )
`
`1.3 State diagram and variable definitions
`
`The Discovery shall implement the state diagram as depicted in figure 1.12. Additional
`requirements to this state diagram are left open to the implementor.
`
`DC Analyzer
`
`DC_open_circuit
`DC_short_circuit
`
`1,5V_AC_on
`1,5V_AC_off
`
`AC Analyzer
`
`AC_open_circuit
`
`Discovery
`Function
`
`5V_DC_on
`5V_DC_off
`
`Timer
`
`time_out
`start_timer
`
`48V_DC_on
`48V_DC_off
`
`5V AC
`switch
`
`5V DC
`switch
`
`48V DC
`switch
`
`
`
`Figure 1.11. Functional reference diagram
`
`1.3.1 State diagram variables
`
`DC_open_circuit
`
`Indicates infinite impedance seen from the DC analyser.
`
`DC_short_circuit
`
`Indicates an impedance below 50 ohms seen from the DC analyser. This
`occurs in particular when a problem occurs on the DTE or on the line
`
`AC_open_circuit
`
`Indicates infinite impedance seen from the AC analyser.
`
`1,5V_AC_on / _off
`
`1,5 V AC switched on / off
`
`5V_DC_on / _off
`
`5 V DC switched on / off
`
`48V_DC_on / _off
`
`48 V DC switched on / off
`
`1.3.2 State diagram timers
`
`Parameter
`
`Timer1
`
`Timer2
`
`
`
`
`
`Table 0.1. Timer value summary
`
`Min
`
`150ms
`
`30s
`
`Max
`
`500ms
`
`60s
`
`
`
`11
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`Page 11 of 14
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`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`1.3.3 State diagram
`
`power_on=true
`
`IDLE
`
`1,5V_AC_off
`5V_DC_off
`48V_DC_off
`
`TEST ALTERNATIVE
`VOLTAGE
`1,5V_AC_on
`
`1,5V_AC_open_circuit=false
`
`1,5V_AC_open_circuit=true
`
`5V_DC_open_circuit=true
`
`POWERED DEVICE
`
`TEST DIRECT
`VOLTAGE
`1,5V_AC_off
`5V_DC_on
`
`5V_DC_open_circuit=false+
`timer1
`
`NON POWERED
`DEVICE
`5V_DC_on
`
`5V_DC_open_circuit=true
`
`1,5V_AC_on
`5V_DC_off
`48V_DC_on
`
`48V_DC_short_circuit
`
`SHORT CIRCUIT
`SOMEWHERE
`1,5V_AC_on
`48V_DC_off
`
`timer2
`
`1,5V_AC_open_circuit=true
`
`Figure 1.12. Discovery state diagram
`
`12
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`Page 12 of 14
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`Std 802.3af-2000
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`1.4 Electrical specifications
`
`1.4.1 Power source
`
`1.4.1.1 Power source nominal voltage
`
`Under normal power conditions the nominal value of the voltage of power source 1, at the output
`of the device shall be 48V ± 6V
`
`The nominal value of the voltage of power sources 2 and 3, if provided shall meet the same
`requirement
`
`1.4.2 Power available at DTE
`
`Under normal power conditions, the maximum voltage at the interface of a DTE shall be 48 ± 6V
`and the minimum voltage shall be 28 V when drawing a power of up to the maximum permitted
`power consumption
`
`Power sources 2 and 3: under study
`
`1.4.2.1 Power source consumption
`
`Under normal power conditions, a DTE which draws power from power source 1 shall draw no
`more than 10 W.
`
`Power sources 2 and 3: under study
`
`1.4.2.2 Current transient
`The rate of change of current drawn by a DTE from power source 1 shall not exceed 20 mA/m s
`This requirement is not applicable during 100 ms or at time C according to figure 1.12 as elapsed
`after the connection of the terminal
`
`1.4.2.3 Current/time limitations for DTE power sink
`
`To limit the current that each terminal can sink from the phantom circuit connected to power
`source 1 in the normal power condition, the terminal shall conform to the mask given in figure
`1.12, with the values given in table 1.2, when tested in accordance with figure 1.13
`
`I (mA)
`
`Y
`
`X
`
`C
`A
`Figure 1.13.: Current/time limitations for DTE power sink
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`13
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`Page 13 of 14
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3af-2000
`
`
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`
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`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3
`
`Table 1.2: Parameters for the normal condition
`
` A
`
`Y 1A
`
` 5 m s
`C 100 ms X Current equivalent to 12.25 W never exceeding 350 mA independent of the
`input voltage
`
`Note: the total capacitance at the power source 1 input to the DTE is expected to be less than
`220 m F under all conditions of normal operation.
`The measurement is made based on the test circuit as described in figure 1.13
`
`R
`
`15 ohms
`
`U
`
`DTE
`
`Figure 1.14. Test circuit for current/time limitation
`
`
`
`1.5 Safety
`
`All equipment meeting this standard shall conform to IEC 950 ed 3, UL1950 ed 3 and CSA950 ed
`3
`
`14
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`Page 14 of 14