United States Patent [191
`Nakano
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,839,504
`Jun. 13, 1989
`
`[54] IC CARD SYSTEM COMPATIBLE WITH
`BANK ACCOUNT SYSTEM
`[75] Inventor: Harumi Nakano, Oome, Japan
`[73] Assignee: Casio Computer Co., Ltd., Tokyo,
`
`4,736,094 4/1988 Yoshida ............................. .. 235/379
`Primary Examiner-Roy N. Envall, Jr.
`(1510738)’, Agent, 0'‘ Fiml—Fl'iSha\1f, HORZI Goodman &
`0o ward
`
`[21] APPL N05 75,064
`_
`Jul» 17’ 1987
`[22] F1164:
`[30]
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`. . . . . .. 61-177442
`Jul. 28,1986 [JP]
`Japan . . . . . . . . .
`_ G06}? 15 /30
`[51] Int GL4 _________________________ __
`[52] US. Cl. ........................................... .. 235/379
`[58] Field of Search .............................. .. 235/379, 380
`_
`References cued
`U_S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`[56]
`
`323;:
`4,105,156 8/1978 Dethloff .
`4,211,9l9 7/1980 Ugon .
`4,382,279 5/1983 Ugon .
`
`In an IC card system, a ?rst ?le corresponding to a
`normal bank account and a second ?le corresponding to
`an IC card account are provided for each IC card
`holder. A card terminal for receiving an IC card com=
`municates in an on-line manner with a host computer
`installed in a bank. A deposit amount is transferred
`between the ?rst and second ?les for a transaction using
`the IC card- The 16 card Stores an account list for the
`transfer of a remittance to an account of a third party, so
`that a cash transfer from the ?rst or second-?le to the
`account of the third party can-be performed. The IC
`card functions both as a debit card and a credit card.
`When either of these functions is selected, an off-line
`transaction involving use of the IC card can be per
`formed
`
`8 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets
`
`5'
`
`SHOP
`SHOPPING
`
`B2
`\
`
`{BANK
`
`ATM
`oPERATIoN
`
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`
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`|
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`DEBIT cARD I
`I
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`CARD AUTHENTICATION
`DEPREss FUNCTION KEY
`. — INsERT rc cARD
`B4
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`m “RED —_
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`cARD AUTHENTICATION A3
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`A2
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`INQUIRY
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`CARD
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`PNC-JP MORGAN EXHIBIT 1016
`
`Page 1 of 36
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`US. Patent Jun. 13,1989
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`Sheet 1 0f 27
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`Jun. 13, 1989
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`US. Patent Jun. 13,1989
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`US. Patent
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 13, 1989
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`Sheet 23 of 27
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`4,839,504
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`Page 25 of 36
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 13,1989
`
`Sheet 25 of 27
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`4,839,504
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`Page 26 0f 36
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`Page 26 of 36
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 13,1989
`
`Sheet 26 of 27
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`4,839,504
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`
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`Page 27 0f 36
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`Page 27 of 36
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`

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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 13, 1989
`
`Sheet 27 of 27
`
`4,839,504
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`Page 28 0f 36
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`1
`
`4,839,504
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`2
`using data associated with remittance operation stored
`in an IC card.
`
`A further object of the present invention is to provide
`an IC card system in which a single IC card can func-
`tion as a credit card, a debit card, and the like, thereby
`simplifying the cardholder’s card-carrying require-
`ments and resulting in greater convenience of use.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`These and other objects of the invention are achieved
`by an IC card system which comprises an IC card de-
`vice which contains at least one IC (integrated circuit)
`chip having a first memory for storing transaction data,
`a second memory for storing a personal identificatiOn
`number (PIN), and a comparator for comparing the
`PIN data stored in the second memory with an exter-
`nally entered PIN. The IC card system additionally
`comprises a terminal device for communicating various
`items of data to the IC card device when the card is
`
`inserted therein and electrically connected thereto, and
`a host computer which is installed in a bank, is coupled
`in an on—line manner to the terminal device, and has a
`first file for a first account and a second file for a second
`account for each holder of the above type. of IC card
`device. The firs account file is a conventional type file.
`The second account file is reserved for transactions
`
`involving the IC card device. An arbitrary amount can
`be transferred between the first and second account
`files.
`In accordance with the invention, operations such as
`“deposit”, “withdraw, or draw”, “transfer”, “remit”,
`“balance inquiry”, “print-out of transaction history”,
`and the like can be performed in conjunction with an
`existing bank account system, thereby enabling consid-
`erable savings to be achieved through not having to
`make major alterations to, or replace outright, the pres-
`ent system. When an IC card is combined with an IC
`card reader/writer, off-line transactions can be per-
`formed. Therefore, transaction using the IC card can be
`performed outside a bank’s normal hours of business,
`and hence, customer service can be improved.
`A remittance list is registered in an IC card as data
`associated with remittance. When the IC card is in-
`serted in an ATM (Automatic Teller Machine),
`in-
`stalled in each branch of a bank, and a specific payee is
`designated, remittance to a specified bank account can
`be carried out automatically, i.e. without the need to fill
`out a detailed bank form, to be handed to a cashier.
`Thus, the previous cumbersome remittance procedure
`can be dispensed with, and the risk of error, when filling
`out the remittance form, can be eliminated, thereby
`enabling payment into a predetermined account to be
`accomplished easily and reliably.
`Additional payees can be registered in the IC card
`remittance list as and when required, thereby increasing
`the versatility and convenience of the card, and thus
`enabling the bank to provide an improved service to its
`card-holding customers.
`In addition, since a single IC card can be used both as
`a debit card and a credit card, the number of cards a
`cardholder needs to carry can be reduced to the mini-
`mum, unlike in the conventional case where an individ-
`ual must carry a number of cards, each designed for a
`specific purpose. Therefore, the IC card of the inven-
`tion is much more convenient, versatile, and easier to
`use.
`r
`
`IC CARD SYSTEM COMPATIBLE WITH BANK
`ACCOUNT SYSTEM
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates to an IC card system
`compatible with an existing bank account system.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Recent times have come to be known as the “cashless
`age”, where people can purchase commodities without
`paying in cash; instead using a credit card issued by a
`credit card company.
`Known examples of conventional credit cards in-
`clude bank cards, plastic cards, embossed cards, mag-
`netic stripe cards, and the like. However, due to their
`particular structure, these cards can be easily forged
`and then use illegally.
`In order to solve the above problems, as described in
`U.S.
`Pat. Nos.
`3,906,460,
`3,971,916,
`4,105,156,
`4,211,919, and 4,382,279, an IC. (integrated circuit) card
`has been proposed wherein an IC circuit storing a per-
`sonal identification number (also known as a “PIN”)
`and the like is built into a card so as not to read out the
`personal identification number. Such an IC card system,
`combining the IC card and card terminal, has been
`developed.
`In view of the recent practical application of the IC
`card system, introduction of IC card system is discussed
`in banks.
`Conventional IC card systems are quite different
`from an existing bank account system. Therefore, the
`existing system cannot be directly used, and an econom-
`ical loss is considerable.
`Since, in a conventional bank account system using a
`magnetic stripe card, the on-line system is suspended
`during holidays and at night, real-time account transac-
`tions cannot be performed, and improvement thereof is
`also demanded.
`In the conventional bank account system using the
`magnetic stripe card, a customer wishing to pay money
`into the account of a third party must fill out a specified
`bank form, including such details as the payee’s account
`number and the like, and then take it to a cashier.
`Obviously, such a transaction is cumbersome and
`time-consuming, and sometimes is rejected because of
`erroneous filling out of the form. The inconvenience of
`performing such a transaction becomes even more ap-
`parent when it must be carried out on a regular basis—-
`for example, when it is the same payee in each transac-
`tion. Naturally,
`therefore, anything which offers to
`simplify, and thus speed-up, such transactions would be
`welcomed.
`In addition, since many of the above cards are de-
`signed for a specific purpose, such as a credit card, a
`debit card, and so forth, this will often result in the
`cardholder having to carry a number of different cards
`at all times, with the inconvenience that this entails.
`The present invention has been conceived in consid-
`eration of the above situation, and has as its object to
`provide an IC card system which is compatible with an
`existing bank account system without great expenditure
`and which allows off-line transactions to be performed
`by use of an IC card.
`Another object of the present invention is to provide
`an IC card system which enables simple, error-free
`payment to be made into a specified bank account, by
`
`5
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`3
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`4,839,504
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`For a better understanding of the present invention,
`reference is made of the following description in con-
`junction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
`FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the entire arrangement
`according to an embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a circuit arrange-
`ment of an IC card used in the embodiment shown in
`FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a circuit arrange-
`ment of a card reader/writer used in the embodiment
`shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the overall opera-
`tion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 5 to 18B are flow charts for explaining the
`operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 19 and 20 are views showing a schematic ar-
`rangement of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1; and
`FIG. 21 is a view for explaining the storage content
`of a storage memory of the IC card of the embodiment
`shown in FIG. 1.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
`
`GENERAL DESCRIPTION
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`FIG. 1 shows the entire IC card system according to
`an embodiment of the present
`invention. Reference
`numeral 1 denotes a main bank. Main bank 1 has host
`
`30
`
`computer In. Host computer 1a stores personal ac-
`counts of general deposits, IC card accounts, and the
`like.
`
`Main bank 1 is connected to ATMs (Automatic
`Teller Machines) 2a and terminals 3a equipped in
`branches in an on-line manner, and various data com-
`munications are made. Main bank 1 is connected to
`other banks 4, 5, 6, and 7, and various data are ex-
`changed with these banks 4 to 7. In this case, banks 4 to
`7 respectively have host computers 4a. 50, 60, and 7a.
`OVERALL SYSTEM
`
`FIG. 2 shows the circuit arrangement of IC card 10
`employed in the IC card system described above. Refer-
`ring to FIG. 2, system bus 11 is connected to answer-to-
`reset data ROM 12, application ROM 13, system pro-
`gram ROM 14, working RAM 15, central controller 16,
`storage memory read/write controller 17, decryptor 18,
`input controller 20 through input buffer 19, and output
`controller 22 through output buffer 21. Input and out-
`put controllers 20 and 22 are connected to data input-
`/output terminal I/O.
`Answer-to-reset data ROM 12 stores all the operating
`conditions for IC card 10 (e.g., a data write, a supply
`voltage, a current allowance, a maximum supply volt-
`age, a maximum data transfer volume, a maximum re-
`sponse wait time). These condition data are sent out as
`answer-toureset data in accordance with a predeter-
`mined format after internal initialization of the card is
`completed.
`Application ROM 13 stores card classification data
`“APN” indicating a classification of IC card 10. Data
`“APN” is sent out in accordance with a predetermined
`format upon attribute exchange after initial parameters
`are set based on the answer—to-reset data.
`
`System program ROM 14 has code signal “ACK” or
`“NAC” representing whether or not a supplied signal is
`
`35
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`Page 30 0f 36
`
`4
`correct (acknowledgement, or non acknowledgement),
`together with various system programs.
`Working RAM 15 stores various processed data in—
`side the card.
`
`Central controller 16 outputs operation commands to
`respective circuits in accordance with operating states
`and data supplied through input buffer 19.
`Storage memory read/write controller 17 controls
`data read/write access with respect to storage memory
`23 in response to the command supplied from central
`controller 16.
`Storage memory 23 includes, a secret zone for storing
`a personal identification number “PIN”, the number of
`retry “RTN”, a decryption code, and the like; a transac-
`tion area 230 for storing various history data; debit area
`231 for storing data used for a debit card; credit area 232
`for storing data used for a credit card; remittance area
`233 for storing data used for a remittance card; docu-
`ment creating area 234 for creating a document such as
`various application forms; and, basic data area 235 for
`storing common basic data. As shown in FIG. 21, basic
`data area 235 stores “name”, “postal code”, “address”,
`and “telephone number” data associated with a card-
`holder. Debit area 231 stores “bank code”, “PIN”,
`“branch number”, “type of account (e.g., account of
`general deposits, time account, and the like)”, “account
`number”, “verification code”, “invalid code” data, and
`the like as fixed data 231a, “balance in card” as balance
`data 231b, and “type”, “destination”, “terminal num—
`ber”, “deposited/withdrawn amount classification”,
`and “amount” as transaction data 231C. Credit area 232
`stores “PIN”, “company code”, “membership num-
`ber”, “valid data”, “invalid code”, “floor limit”, and
`“credit limit amount” as fixed data 232a, “credit bal-
`ance” as balance data 232b, and “data”, “type”, “desti-
`nation”, “terminal number”, and “amount” as transac-
`tion data. Remittance area 233 stores the same fixed data
`as in debit area 231 as fixed data 233a, and, e.g., 10 sets
`of “data” (remitted data), “type”, “branch number”,
`“account number”, “amount”, “registration number”,
`and “name” (remittee) as transaction data 233b. Docu-
`ment creating area 234 stores “office data”, “family
`data”, of the cardholder and “asset data” and “data”,
`“type”, and “transaction number” as transaction data
`234b in addition to the same fixed data as in debit area
`231.
`
`Decryptor 18 decrypts input data supplied through
`‘ input buffer 19 in accordance with a predetermined
`algorithm.
`The content of storage memory 23 read out by stor~
`age memory read/write controller 17 is supplied to one
`input terminal of comparator 24. Comparator 24 re
`ceives at the other input terminal input data decrypted
`by decryptor 18, data stored in working RAM 15, and
`the like. The comparison output from comparator 24 is
`sent to central controller 16.
`IC card 10 described above is loaded in ATM 2a
`equipped in each branch of the bank or IC card reader/-
`writer 30 (to be described later). In the load state, reset
`signal Reset and system clock signal Clock are supplied
`to card 10, and Vcc and Vpp power sources are con-
`nected thereto. The Vcc power source is adopted as a
`system drive power source, and the Vpp power source
`is adopted as a write power source for storage memory
`23. A voltage from the power sources is determined by
`answer-to-reset data written in ROM 12. System clock
`signal Clock is supplied to the respective circuits
`through frequency divider 25 as drive signal 4).
`
`Page 30 of 36
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`

`

`5
`
`IC CARD READER/WRITER
`
`4,839,504
`
`6
`position. Mechanism 64 is electrically connected to card
`10, and after completion of predetermined processing,
`returns card 10 to the card insertion port.
`This mechanism 64 is connected to output buffer 44,
`reset controller 65, Ipp level latch 54, operation fre-
`quency selector 58, and Vcc power source 66. Mecha-
`nism 64 also has the I/O terminal, the Reset terminal,
`the Vpp terminal, the Clock terminal, and the Vcc
`terminal which are connected to IC card 10, in corre-
`spondence with output buffer 44, reset controller 65,
`Ipp level latch 57, operation frequency selector 58, and
`Vcc power source 66.
`Input controller 46 and output controller 43 control
`data exchange with IC card 10 in accordance with a
`command from main controller 37 supplied through
`initial parameter RAM 36. Input controller 46 outputs
`data sent from IC card 10 to working RAM 33 and the
`like through input buffer 45, and also supplies it to com-
`parator 41. Comparator 41 supplies the comparison
`output to main controller 37. Output controller 43 sends
`data sent from terminal attribute ROM 35 to IC card 10
`
`through output buffer 44. Note that the protocol for
`data exchange between IC card 10 and terminal 30 such
`as answer-to-reset, attribute exchange, and the like is
`described in detail in Ser. Nos. 884,279 and 884,280 filed
`in USA. by the same applicant of the present invention
`on July 10, 1986, and a detailed description thereof will
`be omitted.
`
`“RSA” decrypting unit 42 decrypts “PAN” sent
`from working RAM 33 in accordance with a public key
`code sent from IPK ROM 61. IPK ROM 61 prestores
`the public key code corresponding to encrypting code
`“PRK (Private Key Code)” written in the data memory
`of IC card 10, and outputs the storage code in response
`to the command from main controller 37.
`Latch 47 outputs data “CA” latched therein to en-
`cryptor 48 and decryptor 49. Encryptor 48 receives
`predetermined data through system bus 31. Encryptor
`48 encrypts data “PAN” and the like in RAM 33 on the
`basis of data “CA” as a key code, and outputs the en-
`cryption result to I/O controller 50. Decryptor 49 de-
`crypts encrypted data input to I/O controller 50 on the
`basis of data “CA”, and outputs the decryption result
`onto system bus 31.
`1/0 controller 50 is connected to a register (ECR) of
`a shop, e.g., a supermarket, or to a host computer of a
`bank to perform data exchange.
`VARIOUS SYSTEM OPERATIONS
`
`, Various System operations of the embodiment with
`the above arrangement will now be described.
`FIG. 4 is a view for explaining various functions
`using IC card 10. For example, an on-line transaction is
`performed through ATM 2a equipped in the branch of
`the bank as described with reference to FIG. 1. In this
`case, as shown in FIG. 19, IC card 10 is loaded in ATM
`20, and performs data exchange with main bank 1. In
`step A1, a function key of main bank 1 is depressed to
`designate an application. In step A2, IC card 10 is in-
`serted in the card insertion port of ATM 2a. In step A3,
`card verification is performed. In step A4, a personal
`identification number of a cardholder is input.
`TO DEPOSIT AMOUNT ON ACCOUNT OF
`GENERAL DEPOSITS
`
`In this state, step A51 in FIG. 5 will be described so
`as to deposit cash in a own account in step A5 “de-
`posit”. In this case, upon manual operation, cash is in-
`
`FIG. 3 shows the circuit arrangement of IC card
`reader/writer 30. IC card 10 is designed to be loaded in
`the IC card reader/writer 30. Referring to FIG. 3, ref-
`erence numeral 31 denotes a system bus. System bus 31
`is connected to sound controller 32, working RAM 33,
`system program ROM 34, terminal attribute ROM 35,
`initial parameter RAM 36, main controller 37, display
`drive controller 38, key controller 39, reader/writer
`controller 40, comparator 41, encrypting unit 42 for
`performing encryption based on the “RSA” algorithm,
`output controller 43 through output buffer 44, input
`controller 46 through input buffer 45, latch circuit 47
`for latching data “CA”, “DES (Data Encryption Stan-
`dard ” type encryptor 48 based on the DES, “DES”
`type decryptor 49, and input/output (I/O) controller
`50.
`Sound controller 32 is connected to loudspeaker 51,
`and outputs an alarm sound as required.
`Working RAM 33 stores “PAN”, “CHN”, and
`“EPD” data sent from IC card 10 in its memory area,
`and also stores various processing data in reader/writer
`30.
`'
`System program ROM 34 stores various system pro-
`grams, an ENQ code for matching with IC card 10, and
`the like.
`-
`Terminal attribute ROM 35 stores terminal code TC
`(e.g., manufacturer’s code, issuer code, shop code, and
`the like) in accordance with its application.
`Initial parameter RAM 36 stores answer-to-reset data
`from IC card 10. RAM 36 is connected, through trans-
`mission line 36a, to output controller 43, input control-
`ler 46, Vpp level latch 52, Vpp timer latch 53, and Ipp
`level latch 54. Latches 52, 53, and 54 are respectively
`connected to Vpp power source 55, Vpp timer 56, and
`Ipp limiter 57.
`Vpp power source 55 is adopted to obtain voltage
`Vpp used for data write access to the data memory of
`IC card 10. Vpp timer 56 is adopted to obtain a maxi-
`mum Vcc application time designated by IC card 10.
`Ipp limiter 57 is adopted to determine an allowance of
`data write current.
`In this case, a maximum data write voltage deter-
`mined by Vpp power source 55, a Vpp application time
`defined by Vpp timer 56, and maximum data write cur-
`rent allowance determined by Ipp limiter 57 are set
`based on answer-to—reset data stored in initial parameter
`RAM 36.
`
`Data transmission line 36a is connected to operation
`frequency selector 58 for the IC card. Selector 58 re-
`ceives an oscillation signal from oscillator 59 through
`frequency divider 60, and outputs a signal having a
`preset operation frequency from the Clock terminal.
`System control line 37a of main controller 37 is con-
`nected to comparator 41, IPK (Issuer’s Public Key)
`ROM 61, latch 47, encryptor 48, decryptor 49, 1/0
`controller 50, and the like. A control command is sup-
`plied to the respective circuits from main controller 37
`in accordance with the operating state of the system
`Display driver controller 38 performs display control
`of display unit 62.
`Key controller 39 supplies a key sampling signal to
`keyboard 63, thereby detecting a key input signal.
`Reader/writer controller 40 drives reader/writer
`mechanism 64. Mechanism 64 comprises a motor for
`conveying a card, so that IC card 10 inserted from a
`card insertion port is conveyed to a predetermined
`
`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`40
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`45
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`50
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`55
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`60'
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`65
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`4,839,504
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`7
`serted from cash insertion port of ATM 20 in step A51a.
`ATM 2a performs examination of the inserted cash, i.e.,
`calculates an amount of cash in step A51b. In step A51c,
`the calculated amount is displayed. The flow then ad-
`vances to step A51d.
`A customer checks in step A51d whether or not the
`displayed amount is correct. This checking operation is
`made upon operation of a “YES” or -“NO” key (not
`shown) provided to ATM 2a. If it is determined upon
`operation of the “NO” key that the displayed amount is
`incorrect, the flow advances to step A51e, and the cash
`is ejected from the cash insertion port of ATM 2a. The
`flow then returns to step A510, and the operation is
`restarted.
`
`If in step ASId, the displayed amount is correct upon
`operation of the “YES” key, this data is sent to IC card
`10, and the flow advances to step ASIf In step A51}?
`“branch number”, “account number”, “type of account
`(account of general deposits,
`time account, and the
`like)” data, and the like are read out from storage mem-
`ory 23 of IC card 10. Subsequently, in step A51g, de-
`posit data is stored in storage memory 23. The data read
`out from IC card 10 is sent to ATM 2a, and the flow
`advances to step A51h.
`In step A51h, the deposit amount data in ATM 2a is
`added to data from IC card 10, and the sum data is sent
`to host computer 1a of main bank 1. In step A511; a own
`account of general deposits is