throbber

`EXHIBIT 2020
`
`
`EXHIBIT 2020
`
`

`

`CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE
`S5431
`˝º(cid:236)(cid:237)(cid:239)
`˝»(cid:176)‹»‡(cid:190)»fi Ł(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)
`ÝÑÒÙÎÛÍÍ×ÑÒßÔ ÎÛÝÑÎÜ ‰ ÍÛÒßÌÛ
`September 8, 2011
`the management and policies of a per-
`9, 2011), and 157 Cong. Rec. H4429 (daily
`tion filed under the first-to-file system
`‹‚» ‡¿†¿„»‡»†‹ ¿†… (cid:176)–·•‰•»› –” ¿ (cid:176)»fi(cid:243)
`(cid:231)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:247)(cid:244) ¿†… (cid:239)ºØ (cid:221)–†„(cid:242) ˛»‰(cid:242) (cid:216)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:238)(cid:231) ł…¿•·§
`‹•–† ”•·»… «†…»fi ‹‚» ”•fi›‹(cid:243)‹–(cid:243)”•·» ›§›‹»‡
`will be vulnerable to an attack that
`son or entity, whether through owner-
`ed. June 22, 2011). These two chairmen
`»…(cid:242) (cid:214)«†» (cid:238)(cid:238)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:247)(cid:242) (cid:204)‚»›» ‹'– ‰‚¿•fi‡»†
`›–† –fi »†‹•‹§(cid:244) '‚»‹‚»fi ‹‚fi–«„‚ –'†»fi(cid:243)
`'•·· (cid:190)» “«·†»fi¿(cid:190)·» ‹– ¿† ¿‹‹¿‰(cid:181) ‹‚¿‹
`the inventor failed to disclose the best
`are the lead sponsors and authorizing
`ship of securities, by contract, or oth-
`¿fi» ‹‚» ·»¿… ›(cid:176)–†›–fi› ¿†… ¿«‹‚–fi•ƒ•†„
`›‚•(cid:176) –” ›»‰«fi•‹•»›(cid:244) (cid:190)§ ‰–†‹fi¿‰‹(cid:244) –fi –‹‚(cid:243)
`‹‚» •†“»†‹–fi ”¿•·»… ‹– …•›‰·–›» ‹‚» (cid:190)»›‹
`mode of the invention. This is incor-
`chairmen of this year’s bills, which are
`erwise; the power or authority to man-
`½¸¿·®³»² ±º ¬¸·­ §»¿®Ž­ ¾·´´­ô ©¸·½¸ ¿®»
`»fi'•›»(cid:229) ‹‚» (cid:176)–'»fi –fi ¿«‹‚–fi•‹§ ‹– ‡¿†(cid:243)
`‡–…» –” ‹‚» •†“»†‹•–†(cid:242) (cid:204)‚•› •› •†‰–fi(cid:243)
`identical with respect to section 102. As
`age, direct, or oversee.”
`rect. Section 15 of this bill precludes
`•…»†‹•‰¿· '•‹‚ fi»›(cid:176)»‰‹ ‹– ›»‰‹•–† (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238)(cid:242) (cid:223)›
`¿¹»ô ¼·®»½¬ô ±® ±ª»®­»»òŽŽ
`fi»‰‹(cid:242) ˝»‰‹•–† (cid:239)º –” ‹‚•› (cid:190)•·· (cid:176)fi»‰·«…»›
`A few other aspects of the PCU de-
`Chairman SMITH most
`recently ex-
`the use of the best-mode requirement
`(cid:223) ”»' –‹‚»fi ¿›(cid:176)»‰‹› –” ‹‚» —(cid:221)¸ …»(cid:243)
`(cid:221)‚¿•fi‡¿† ˝(cid:211)(cid:215)(cid:204)(cid:216) ‡–›‹ fi»‰»†‹·§ »¤(cid:243)
`‹‚» «›» –” ‹‚» (cid:190)»›‹(cid:243)‡–…» fi»fl«•fi»‡»†‹
`fense merit brief mention. Subsection
`plained in his June 22 remarks, “con-
`as a basis for cancelling a claim or
`”»†›» ‡»fi•‹ (cid:190)fi•»” ‡»†‹•–†(cid:242) ˝«(cid:190)›»‰‹•–†
`(cid:176)·¿•†»… •† ‚•› (cid:214)«†» (cid:238)(cid:238) fi»‡¿fi(cid:181)›(cid:244) (cid:143)(cid:143)‰–†(cid:243)
`¿› ¿ (cid:190)¿›•› ”–fi ‰¿†‰»··•†„ ¿ ‰·¿•‡ –fi
`(e)(5)(A), the university exception, was
`trary to current precedent, in order to
`holding it
`invalid. It was also sug-
`ł»(cid:247)łº(cid:247)ł(cid:223)(cid:247)(cid:244) ‹‚» «†•“»fi›•‹§ »¤‰»(cid:176)‹•–†(cid:244) '¿›
`‹fi¿fi§ ‹– ‰«fifi»†‹ (cid:176)fi»‰»…»†‹(cid:244) •† –fi…»fi ‹–
`‚–·…•†„ •‹ •†“¿·•…(cid:242) (cid:215)‹ '¿› ¿·›– ›«„(cid:243)
`trigger the bar in new 102(a) in our leg-
`extended to also include university
`gested, at the same place in the record,
`‹fi•„„»fi ‹‚» (cid:190)¿fi •† †»' (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238)ł¿(cid:247) •† –«fi ·»„(cid:243)
`»¤‹»†…»… ‹– ¿·›– •†‰·«…» «†•“»fi›•‹§
`„»›‹»…(cid:244) ¿‹ ‹‚» ›¿‡» (cid:176)·¿‰» •† ‹‚» fi»‰–fi…(cid:244)
`technology-transfer
`organizations,
`islation, an action must make the pat-
`that discovery would not be allowed in
`•›·¿‹•–†(cid:244) ¿† ¿‰‹•–† ‡«›‹ ‡¿(cid:181)» ‹‚» (cid:176)¿‹(cid:243)
`‹»‰‚†–·–„§(cid:243)‹fi¿†›”»fi
`–fi„¿†•ƒ¿‹•–†›(cid:244)
`‹‚¿‹ …•›‰–“»fi§ '–«·… †–‹ (cid:190)» ¿··–'»… •†
`such as the Wisconsin Alumni Research
`ented subject matter ‘available to the
`the derivation proceedings created by
`»†‹»… ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‡¿‹‹»fi (cid:143)¿“¿•·¿(cid:190)·» ‹– ‹‚»
`›«‰‚ ¿› ‹‚» (cid:201)•›‰–†›•† (cid:223)·«‡†• ˛»›»¿fi‰‚
`‹‚» …»fi•“¿‹•–† (cid:176)fi–‰»»…•†„› ‰fi»¿‹»… (cid:190)§
`Foundation. Subparagraph (B), the ex-
`public’ before the effective filing date.”
`section 3(i) of the bill. That is incor-
`°«¾´·½Ž ¾»º±®» ¬¸» »ºº»½¬·ª» º·´·²¹ ¼¿¬»òŽŽ
`(cid:218)–«†…¿‹•–†(cid:242) ˝«(cid:190)(cid:176)¿fi¿„fi¿(cid:176)‚ ł(cid:222)(cid:247)(cid:244) ‹‚» »¤(cid:243)
`›»‰‹•–† (cid:237)ł•(cid:247) –” ‹‚» (cid:190)•··(cid:242) (cid:204)‚¿‹ •› •†‰–fi(cid:243)
`rect. Section 24 of title 35 allows dis-
`Therefore, “[i]f an inventor’s action is
`ception to the university exception, is
`̸»®»º±®»ô Å·Ãº ¿² ·²ª»²¬±®Ž­ ¿½¬·±² ·­
`‰»(cid:176)‹•–† ‹– ‹‚» «†•“»fi›•‹§ »¤‰»(cid:176)‹•–†(cid:244) •›
`fi»‰‹(cid:242) ˝»‰‹•–† (cid:238)(cid:236) –” ‹•‹·» (cid:237)º ¿··–'› …•›(cid:243)
`only intended to preclude application
`such that it triggers one of the bars
`covery in any “contested case.” The
`›«‰‚ ‹‚¿‹ •‹ ‹fi•„„»fi› –†» –” ‹‚» (cid:190)¿fi›
`–†·§ •†‹»†…»… ‹– (cid:176)fi»‰·«…» ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)·•‰¿‹•–†
`½±ª»®§ ·² ¿²§ ½±²¬»­¬»¼ ½¿­»òŽŽ ̸»
`under 102(a), then it inherently triggers
`of subparagraph (A) when the federal
`Patent Office’s regulations, at 37 CFR
`«†…»fi (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238)ł¿(cid:247)(cid:244) ‹‚»† •‹ •†‚»fi»†‹·§ ‹fi•„„»fi›
`–” ›«(cid:190)(cid:176)¿fi¿„fi¿(cid:176)‚ ł(cid:223)(cid:247) '‚»† ‹‚» ”»…»fi¿·
`כּ²¬ Ѻº·½»Ž­ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ô ¿¬ íé ÝÚÎ
`government
`is affirmatively prohib-
`the grace period in section 102(b).”
`41.2(2), indicate that contested cases in-
`¬¸» ¹®¿½» °»®·±¼ ·² ­»½¬·±² ïðîø¾÷òŽŽ
`„–“»fi†‡»†‹ •› ¿””•fi‡¿‹•“»·§ (cid:176)fi–‚•(cid:190)(cid:243)
`(cid:236)(cid:239)(cid:242)(cid:238)ł(cid:238)(cid:247)(cid:244) •†…•‰¿‹» ‹‚¿‹ ‰–†‹»›‹»… ‰¿›»› •†(cid:243)
`When the committee included the
`ited, whether by statute, regulation, or
`cluded Board proceedings such as inter-
`(cid:201)‚»† ‹‚» ‰–‡‡•‹‹»» •†‰·«…»… ‹‚»
`•‹»…(cid:244) '‚»‹‚»fi (cid:190)§ ›‹¿‹«‹»(cid:244) fi»„«·¿‹•–†(cid:244) –fi
`‰·«…»… (cid:222)–¿fi… (cid:176)fi–‰»»…•†„› ›«‰‚ ¿› •†‹»fi(cid:243)
`words “or otherwise available to the
`executive order, from funding research
`ferences. It is not apparent to me why
`'–fi…› (cid:143)(cid:143)–fi –‹‚»fi'•›» ¿“¿•·¿(cid:190)·» ‹– ‹‚»
`»¤»‰«‹•“» –fi…»fi(cid:244) ”fi–‡ ”«†…•†„ fi»›»¿fi‰‚
`”»fi»†‰»›(cid:242) (cid:215)‹ •› †–‹ ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)¿fi»†‹ ‹– ‡» '‚§
`public” in section 102(a),
`the word
`in the activities in question.
`these laws and regulations would sug-
`°«¾´·½ŽŽ ·² ­»½¬·±² ïðîø¿÷ô ¬¸» ©±®¼
`•† ‹‚» ¿‰‹•“•‹•»› •† fl«»›‹•–†(cid:242)
`‹‚»›» ·¿'› ¿†… fi»„«·¿‹•–†› '–«·… ›«„(cid:243)
`In the course of the recodification of
`“otherwise” made clear that the pre-
`gest anything other
`than that dis-
`±¬¸»®©·­»ŽŽ ³¿¼» ½´»¿® ¬¸¿¬ ¬¸» °®»ó
`(cid:215)† ‹‚» ‰–«fi›» –” ‹‚» fi»‰–…•”•‰¿‹•–† –”
`„»›‹ ¿†§‹‚•†„ –‹‚»fi ‹‚¿† ‹‚¿‹ …•›(cid:243)
`ceding items are things that are of the
`former subsection (a)(2) as new (c)(2),
`covery will be allowed in derivation
`‰»…•†„ •‹»‡› ¿fi» ‹‚•†„› ‹‚¿‹ ¿fi» –” ‹‚»
`”–fi‡»fi ›«(cid:190)›»‰‹•–† ł¿(cid:247)ł(cid:238)(cid:247) ¿› †»' ł‰(cid:247)ł(cid:238)(cid:247)(cid:244)
`‰–“»fi§ '•·· (cid:190)» ¿··–'»… •† …»fi•“¿‹•–†
`the former’s
`subparagraph (B) was
`same quality or nature. As a result, the
`proceedings.
`›¿‡» fl«¿·•‹§ –fi †¿‹«fi»(cid:242) (cid:223)› ¿ fi»›«·‹(cid:244) ‹‚»
`¬¸» º±®³»®Ž­ ­«¾°¿®¿¹®¿°¸ øÞ÷ ©¿­
`(cid:176)fi–‰»»…•†„›(cid:242)
`preceding events and things are limited
`dropped because it is entirely redun-
`Finally, let me close by commenting
`(cid:176)fi»‰»…•†„ »“»†‹› ¿†… ‹‚•†„› ¿fi» ·•‡•‹»…
`…fi–(cid:176)(cid:176)»… (cid:190)»‰¿«›» •‹ •› »†‹•fi»·§ fi»…«†(cid:243)
`(cid:218)•†¿··§(cid:244) ·»‹ ‡» ‰·–›» (cid:190)§ ‰–‡‡»†‹•†„
`to those that make the invention
`dant with subparagraph (A).
`on section 18 of the bill. Some legiti-
`‹– ‹‚–›» ‹‚¿‹ ‡¿(cid:181)» ‹‚» •†“»†‹•–†
`…¿†‹ '•‹‚ ›«(cid:190)(cid:176)¿fi¿„fi¿(cid:176)‚ ł(cid:223)(cid:247)(cid:242)
`–† ›»‰‹•–† (cid:239)Ł –” ‹‚» (cid:190)•··(cid:242) ˝–‡» ·»„•‹•(cid:243)
`Finally, subsection (e)(4), barring as-
`“available to the public.” The public
`mate interests have expressed concern
`(cid:218)•†¿··§(cid:244) ›«(cid:190)›»‰‹•–† ł»(cid:247)ł(cid:236)(cid:247)(cid:244) (cid:190)¿fifi•†„ ¿›(cid:243)
`¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ¬± ¬¸» °«¾´·½òŽŽ ̸» °«¾´·½
`‡¿‹» •†‹»fi»›‹› ‚¿“» »¤(cid:176)fi»››»… ‰–†‰»fi†
`sertion of the defense if use of the sub-
`use or sale of an invention remains
`that non-business-method patents will
`›»fi‹•–† –” ‹‚» …»”»†›» •” «›» –” ‹‚» ›«(cid:190)(cid:243)
`«›» –fi ›¿·» –” ¿† •†“»†‹•–† fi»‡¿•†›
`‹‚¿‹ †–†(cid:243)(cid:190)«›•†»››(cid:243)‡»‹‚–… (cid:176)¿‹»†‹› '•··
`ject matter has been abandoned, should
`prior art, thus making clear that an in-
`be subject
`to challenge in this pro-
`¶»‰‹ ‡¿‹‹»fi ‚¿› (cid:190)»»† ¿(cid:190)¿†…–†»…(cid:244) ›‚–«·…
`(cid:176)fi•–fi ¿fi‹(cid:244) ‹‚«› ‡¿(cid:181)•†„ ‰·»¿fi ‹‚¿‹ ¿† •†(cid:243)
`(cid:190)» ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‹– ‰‚¿··»†„» •† ‹‚•› (cid:176)fi–(cid:243)
`not be construed to necessarily require
`vention embodied in a product that has
`ceeding. I have been asked to, and am
`†–‹ (cid:190)» ‰–†›‹fi«»… ‹– †»‰»››¿fi•·§ fi»fl«•fi»
`“»†‹•–† »‡(cid:190)–…•»… •† ¿ (cid:176)fi–…«‰‹ ‹‚¿‹ ‚¿›
`‰»»…•†„(cid:242) (cid:215) ‚¿“» (cid:190)»»† ¿›(cid:181)»… ‹–(cid:244) ¿†… ¿‡
`continuous use of the subject matter.
`been sold to the public more than a
`happy to, reiterate that technological
`‰–†‹•†«–«› «›» –” ‹‚» ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‡¿‹‹»fi(cid:242)
`(cid:190)»»† ›–·… ‹– ‹‚» (cid:176)«(cid:190)·•‰ ‡–fi» ‹‚¿† ¿
`‚¿(cid:176)(cid:176)§ ‹–(cid:244) fi»•‹»fi¿‹» ‹‚¿‹ ‹»‰‚†–·–„•‰¿·
`It is in the nature of some subject mat-
`year before an application was filed,
`inventions are excluded from the scope
`(cid:215)‹ •› •† ‹‚» †¿‹«fi» –” ›–‡» ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‡¿‹(cid:243)
`§»¿fi (cid:190)»”–fi» ¿† ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)·•‰¿‹•–† '¿› ”•·»…(cid:244)
`•†“»†‹•–†› ¿fi» »¤‰·«…»… ”fi–‡ ‹‚» ›‰–(cid:176)»
`ter that it will be used only periodi-
`for example, can no longer be patented.
`of the program, and that these techno-
`‹»fi ‹‚¿‹ •‹ '•·· (cid:190)» «›»… –†·§ (cid:176)»fi•–…•(cid:243)
`”–fi »¤¿‡(cid:176)·»(cid:244) ‰¿† †– ·–†„»fi (cid:190)» (cid:176)¿‹»†‹»…(cid:242)
`–” ‹‚» (cid:176)fi–„fi¿‡(cid:244) ¿†… ‹‚¿‹ ‹‚»›» ‹»‰‚†–(cid:243)
`cally or seasonally. If such is the case,
`Once an invention has entered the pub-
`logical
`inventions include inventions
`‰¿··§ –fi ›»¿›–†¿··§(cid:242) (cid:215)” ›«‰‚ •› ‹‚» ‰¿›»(cid:244)
`(cid:209)†‰» ¿† •†“»†‹•–† ‚¿› »†‹»fi»… ‹‚» (cid:176)«(cid:190)(cid:243)
`·–„•‰¿· •†“»†‹•–†› •†‰·«…» •†“»†‹•–†›
`and the subject has been so used, its
`lic domain, by any means, it can no
`in the natural sciences, engineering,
`¿†… ‹‚» ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‚¿› (cid:190)»»† ›– «›»…(cid:244) •‹›
`·•‰ …–‡¿•†(cid:244) (cid:190)§ ¿†§ ‡»¿†›(cid:244) •‹ ‰¿† †–
`•† ‹‚» †¿‹«fi¿· ›‰•»†‰»›(cid:244) »†„•†»»fi•†„(cid:244)
`use has not been abandoned.
`longer be withdrawn by anyone. But
`and computer operations—and that in-
`«›» ‚¿› †–‹ (cid:190)»»† ¿(cid:190)¿†…–†»…(cid:242)
`·–†„»fi (cid:190)» '•‹‚…fi¿'† (cid:190)§ ¿†§–†»(cid:242) (cid:222)«‹
`¿²¼ ½±³°«¬»® ±°»®¿¬·±²­‰¿²¼ ¬¸¿¬ ·²ó
`I would also like to take a moment
`public uses and sales are prior art only
`ventions in computer operations obvi-
`(cid:215) '–«·… ¿·›– ·•(cid:181)» ‹– ‹¿(cid:181)» ¿ ‡–‡»†‹
`(cid:176)«(cid:190)·•‰ «›»› ¿†… ›¿·»› ¿fi» (cid:176)fi•–fi ¿fi‹ –†·§
`“»†‹•–†› •† ‰–‡(cid:176)«‹»fi –(cid:176)»fi¿‹•–†› –(cid:190)“•(cid:243)
`to once again address the question of
`if they make the invention available to
`ously include software inventions.
`‹– –†‰» ¿„¿•† ¿……fi»›› ‹‚» fl«»›‹•–† –”
`•” ‹‚»§ ‡¿(cid:181)» ‹‚» •†“»†‹•–† ¿“¿•·¿(cid:190)·» ‹–
`–«›·§ •†‰·«…» ›–”‹'¿fi» •†“»†‹•–†›(cid:242)
`the grace period created by this bill.
`the public.
`This does not mean that a patent is
`‹‚» „fi¿‰» (cid:176)»fi•–… ‰fi»¿‹»… (cid:190)§ ‹‚•› (cid:190)•··(cid:242)
`‹‚» (cid:176)«(cid:190)·•‰(cid:242)
`(cid:204)‚•› …–»› †–‹ ‡»¿† ‹‚¿‹ ¿ (cid:176)¿‹»†‹ •›
`During the House and Senate debates
`In my own remarks last March, I
`ineligible for review simply because it
`(cid:220)«fi•†„ ‹‚» (cid:216)–«›» ¿†… ˝»†¿‹» …»(cid:190)¿‹»›
`(cid:215)† ‡§ –'† fi»‡¿fi(cid:181)› ·¿›‹ (cid:211)¿fi‰‚(cid:244) (cid:215)
`•†»·•„•(cid:190)·» ”–fi fi»“•»' ›•‡(cid:176)·§ (cid:190)»‰¿«›» •‹
`recites software elements or has been
`on the bill, opponents of the first-to-
`cited judicial opinions that have con-
`–† ‹‚» (cid:190)•··(cid:244) –(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹› –” ‹‚» ”•fi›‹(cid:243)‹–(cid:243)
`‰•‹»… ¶«…•‰•¿· –(cid:176)•†•–†› ‹‚¿‹ ‚¿“» ‰–†(cid:243)
`fi»‰•‹»› ›–”‹'¿fi» »·»‡»†‹› –fi ‚¿› (cid:190)»»†
`file system have occasionally asserted
`strued comparable legislative language
`reduced to a software program. If that
`”•·» ›§›‹»‡ ‚¿“» –‰‰¿›•–†¿··§ ¿››»fi‹»…
`›‹fi«»… ‰–‡(cid:176)¿fi¿(cid:190)·» ·»„•›·¿‹•“» ·¿†„«¿„»
`fi»…«‰»… ‹– ¿ ›–”‹'¿fi» (cid:176)fi–„fi¿‡(cid:242) (cid:215)” ‹‚¿‹
`that they oppose the bill’s move to
`in the same way. Since that time, no
`were the case, then very few of even
`¬¸¿¬ ¬¸»§ ±°°±­» ¬¸» ¾·´´Ž­ ³±ª» ¬±
`•† ‹‚» ›¿‡» '¿§(cid:242) ˝•†‰» ‹‚¿‹ ‹•‡»(cid:244) †–
`'»fi» ‹‚» ‰¿›»(cid:244) ‹‚»† “»fi§ ”»' –” »“»†
`first
`to file because it weakens the
`the most notorious business-method
`opponent of the first-to-file transition
`”•fi›‹ ‹– ”•·» (cid:190)»‰¿«›» •‹ '»¿(cid:181)»†› ‹‚»
`–(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹ –” ‹‚» ”•fi›‹(cid:243)‹–(cid:243)”•·» ‹fi¿†›•‹•–†
`‹‚» ‡–›‹ †–‹–fi•–«› (cid:190)«›•†»››(cid:243)‡»‹‚–…
`grace period. See 157 Cong. Rec. S1094,
`has identified any caselaw that reads
`patents could be reviewed under sec-
`„fi¿‰» (cid:176)»fi•–…(cid:242) ˝»» (cid:239)ºØ (cid:221)–†„(cid:242) ˛»‰(cid:242) ˝(cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:231)(cid:236)(cid:244)
`‚¿› •…»†‹•”•»… ¿†§ ‰¿›»·¿' ‹‚¿‹ fi»¿…›
`(cid:176)¿‹»†‹› ‰–«·… (cid:190)» fi»“•»'»… «†…»fi ›»‰(cid:243)
`S1096, S1112 (daily ed. March 2, 2011),
`this legislative language any other
`tion 18. Rather, in order to fall within
`˝(cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:231)Œ(cid:244) ˝(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:238) ł…¿•·§ »…(cid:242) (cid:211)¿fi‰‚ (cid:238)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:247)(cid:244)
`‹‚•› ·»„•›·¿‹•“» ·¿†„«¿„» ¿†§ –‹‚»fi
`‹•–† (cid:239)Ł(cid:242) ˛¿‹‚»fi(cid:244) •† –fi…»fi ‹– ”¿·· '•‹‚•†
`and 157 Cong. Rec. H4424, H4430 (daily
`way, nor am I aware of any such cases.
`the technological-invention exclusion,
`¿†… (cid:239)ºØ (cid:221)–†„(cid:242) ˛»‰(cid:242) (cid:216)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:238)(cid:236)(cid:244) (cid:216)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:237)(cid:240) ł…¿•·§
`'¿§(cid:244) †–fi ¿‡ (cid:215) ¿'¿fi» –” ¿†§ ›«‰‚ ‰¿›»›(cid:242)
`‹‚» ‹»‰‚†–·–„•‰¿·(cid:243)•†“»†‹•–† »¤‰·«›•–†(cid:244)
`the invention must be novel as soft-
`ed. June 22, 2011).
`I would hope that even those opponents
`»…(cid:242) (cid:214)«†» (cid:238)(cid:238)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:247)(cid:242)
`(cid:215) '–«·… ‚–(cid:176)» ‹‚¿‹ »“»† ‹‚–›» –(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹›
`‹‚» •†“»†‹•–† ‡«›‹ (cid:190)» †–“»· ¿› ›–”‹(cid:243)
`Some of
`these arguments are dif-
`ware. If an invention recites software
`of first to file who believe that sup-
`˝–‡» –” ‹‚»›» ¿fi„«‡»†‹› ¿fi» …•”(cid:243)
`–” ”•fi›‹ ‹– ”•·» '‚– (cid:190)»·•»“» ‹‚¿‹ ›«(cid:176)(cid:243)
`'¿fi»(cid:242) (cid:215)” ¿† •†“»†‹•–† fi»‰•‹»› ›–”‹'¿fi»
`ficult to understand,
`in part because
`porters of the bill cannot rely on com-
`elements, but does not assert that it is
`”•‰«·‹ ‹– «†…»fi›‹¿†…(cid:244) •† (cid:176)¿fi‹ (cid:190)»‰¿«›»
`(cid:176)–fi‹»fi› –” ‹‚» (cid:190)•·· ‰¿††–‹ fi»·§ –† ‰–‡(cid:243)
`»·»‡»†‹›(cid:244) (cid:190)«‹ …–»› †–‹ ¿››»fi‹ ‹‚¿‹ •‹ •›
`opponents of first to file have used the
`mittee reports and sponsors’
`state-
`novel as software, or does not colorably
`–(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹› –” ”•fi›‹ ‹– ”•·» ‚¿“» «›»… ‹‚»
`³·¬¬»» ®»°±®¬­ ¿²¼ ­°±²­±®­Ž ­¬¿¬»ó
`†–“»· ¿› ›–”‹'¿fi»(cid:244) –fi …–»› †–‹ ‰–·–fi¿(cid:190)·§
`ments would at least concede that Con-
`term “grace period” to mean different
`appear to be so, then it is not ineligible
`¬»®³ ¹®¿½» °»®·±¼ŽŽ ¬± ³»¿² ¼·ºº»®»²¬
`‡»†‹› '–«·… ¿‹ ·»¿›‹ ‰–†‰»…» ‹‚¿‹ (cid:221)–†(cid:243)
`¿(cid:176)(cid:176)»¿fi ‹– (cid:190)» ›–(cid:244) ‹‚»† •‹ •› †–‹ •†»·•„•(cid:190)·»
`things. Some have used the term to
`gress is entitled to rely on the con-
`for review simply because of that soft-
`‹‚•†„›(cid:242) ˝–‡» ‚¿“» «›»… ‹‚» ‹»fi‡ ‹–
`„fi»›› •› »†‹•‹·»… ‹– fi»·§ –† ‹‚» ‰–†(cid:243)
`”–fi fi»“•»' ›•‡(cid:176)·§ (cid:190)»‰¿«›» –” ‹‚¿‹ ›–”‹(cid:243)
`mean the period between the time
`ware element. But an actual software
`sistent judicial construction of legisla-
`‡»¿† ‹‚» (cid:176)»fi•–… (cid:190)»‹'»»† ‹‚» ‹•‡»
`›•›‹»†‹ ¶«…•‰•¿· ‰–†›‹fi«‰‹•–† –” ·»„•›·¿(cid:243)
`'¿fi» »·»‡»†‹(cid:242) (cid:222)«‹ ¿† ¿‰‹«¿· ›–”‹'¿fi»
`when the inventor conceives of the in-
`tive language.
`invention is a technological invention,
`'‚»† ‹‚» •†“»†‹–fi ‰–†‰»•“»› –” ‹‚» •†(cid:243)
`‹•“» ·¿†„«¿„»(cid:242)
`•†“»†‹•–† •› ¿ ‹»‰‚†–·–„•‰¿· •†“»†‹•–†(cid:244)
`vention and the time when he files a
`Finally, I would note that the inter-
`and is not subject to review under sec-
`“»†‹•–† ¿†… ‹‚» ‹•‡» '‚»† ‚» ”•·»› ¿
`(cid:218)•†¿··§(cid:244) (cid:215) '–«·… †–‹» ‹‚¿‹ ‹‚» •†‹»fi(cid:243)
`¿†… •› †–‹ ›«(cid:190)¶»‰‹ ‹– fi»“•»' «†…»fi ›»‰(cid:243)
`full or even provisional application.
`pretation of 102 that some opponents
`tion 18.
`”«·· –fi »“»† (cid:176)fi–“•›•–†¿· ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)·•‰¿‹•–†(cid:242)
`(cid:176)fi»‹¿‹•–† –” (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238) ‹‚¿‹ ›–‡» –(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹›
`‹•–† (cid:239)Ł(cid:242)
`Obviously, if the “grace period” is de-
`appear to advance—that nondisclosing
`Mr. LEVIN. Madam President, I sup-
`Ѿª·±«­´§ô ·º ¬¸» ¹®¿½» °»®·±¼ŽŽ ·­ ¼»ó
`¿°°»¿® ¬± ¿¼ª¿²½»‰¬¸¿¬ ²±²¼·­½´±­·²¹
`(cid:211)fi(cid:242) (cid:212)(cid:219)˚(cid:215)(cid:210)(cid:242) (cid:211)¿…¿‡ —fi»›•…»†‹(cid:244) (cid:215) ›«(cid:176)(cid:243)
`fined as
`the first-to-invent
`system,
`uses and sales would remain prior art,
`port the America Invents Act.
`”•†»… ¿› ‹‚» ”•fi›‹(cid:243)‹–(cid:243)•†“»†‹ ›§›‹»‡(cid:244)
`«›»› ¿†… ›¿·»› '–«·… fi»‡¿•† (cid:176)fi•–fi ¿fi‹(cid:244)
`(cid:176)–fi‹ ‹‚» (cid:223)‡»fi•‰¿ (cid:215)†“»†‹› (cid:223)‰‹(cid:242)
`then the move to first to file elimi-
`and would fall outside the 102(b) grace
`Right now, as our economy struggles
`‹‚»† ‹‚» ‡–“» ‹– ”•fi›‹ ‹– ”•·» »·•‡•(cid:243)
`¿†… '–«·… ”¿·· –«‹›•…» ‹‚» (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238)ł(cid:190)(cid:247) „fi¿‰»
`˛•„‚‹ †–'(cid:244) ¿› –«fi »‰–†–‡§ ›‹fi«„„·»›
`nates that version of the grace period.
`period—is
`utterly
`irrational. Why
`to recover, this legislation is needed to
`†¿‹»› ‹‚¿‹ “»fi›•–† –” ‹‚» „fi¿‰» (cid:176)»fi•–…(cid:242)
`°»®·±¼‰·­ «¬¬»®´§
`·®®¿¬·±²¿´ò ɸ§
`‹– fi»‰–“»fi(cid:244) ‹‚•› ·»„•›·¿‹•–† •› †»»…»… ‹–
`Others, however, have suggested that
`would Congress create a grace period
`help create jobs and keep our manufac-
`(cid:209)‹‚»fi›(cid:244) ‚–'»“»fi(cid:244) ‚¿“» ›«„„»›‹»… ‹‚¿‹
`'–«·… (cid:221)–†„fi»›› ‰fi»¿‹» ¿ „fi¿‰» (cid:176)»fi•–…
`‚»·(cid:176) ‰fi»¿‹» ¶–(cid:190)› ¿†… (cid:181)»»(cid:176) –«fi ‡¿†«”¿‰(cid:243)
`that allows an invention that has been
`public uses, sales, or “trade secrets”
`turers
`competitive.
`It will
`further
`°«¾´·½ «­»­ô ­¿´»­ô ±® ¬®¿¼» ­»½®»¬­ŽŽ
`‹‚¿‹ ¿··–'› ¿† •†“»†‹•–† ‹‚¿‹ ‚¿› (cid:190)»»†
`‹«fi»fi› ‰–‡(cid:176)»‹•‹•“»(cid:242)
`(cid:215)‹ '•··
`”«fi‹‚»fi
`will bar patenting under new section
`disclosed to the world in a printed pub-
`strengthen and expand the ability of
`'•·· (cid:190)¿fi (cid:176)¿‹»†‹•†„ «†…»fi †»' ›»‰‹•–†
`…•›‰·–›»… ‹– ‹‚» '–fi·… •† ¿ (cid:176)fi•†‹»… (cid:176)«(cid:190)(cid:243)
`›‹fi»†„‹‚»† ¿†… »¤(cid:176)¿†… ‹‚» ¿(cid:190)•·•‹§ –”
`our universities to conduct research
`102(b), even if they consist of activities
`lication, or sold and used around the
`(cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238)ł(cid:190)(cid:247)(cid:244) »“»† •” ‹‚»§ ‰–†›•›‹ –” ¿‰‹•“•‹•»›
`·•‰¿‹•–†(cid:244) –fi ›–·… ¿†… «›»… ¿fi–«†… ‹‚»
`–«fi «†•“»fi›•‹•»› ‹– ‰–†…«‰‹ fi»›»¿fi‰‚
`and turn that research into innovative
`of the inventor during the year before
`world, for up to a year,
`to be with-
`–” ‹‚» •†“»†‹–fi …«fi•†„ ‹‚» §»¿fi (cid:190)»”–fi»
`'–fi·…(cid:244) ”–fi «(cid:176) ‹– ¿ §»¿fi(cid:244) ‹– (cid:190)» '•‹‚(cid:243)
`¿†… ‹«fi† ‹‚¿‹ fi»›»¿fi‰‚ •†‹– •††–“¿‹•“»
`filing.
`drawn from the public domain and pat-
`products and processes
`that benefit
`”•·•†„(cid:242)
`…fi¿'† ”fi–‡ ‹‚» (cid:176)«(cid:190)·•‰ …–‡¿•† ¿†… (cid:176)¿‹(cid:243)
`(cid:176)fi–…«‰‹› ¿†… (cid:176)fi–‰»››»› ‹‚¿‹ (cid:190)»†»”•‹
`This is not the case, and I hope that
`ented, but not allow an inventor to
`Michigan and our Nation.
`(cid:204)‚•› •› †–‹ ‹‚» ‰¿›»(cid:244) ¿†… (cid:215) ‚–(cid:176)» ‹‚¿‹
`»†‹»…(cid:244) (cid:190)«‹ †–‹ ¿··–' ¿† •†“»†‹–fi ‹–
`(cid:211)•‰‚•„¿† ¿†… –«fi (cid:210)¿‹•–†(cid:242)
`courts and executive officials inter-
`patent an invention that, by definition,
`Because of this legislation, we will be
`‰–«fi‹› ¿†… »¤»‰«‹•“» –””•‰•¿·› •†‹»fi(cid:243)
`(cid:222)»‰¿«›» –” ‹‚•› ·»„•›·¿‹•–†(cid:244) '» '•·· (cid:190)»
`(cid:176)¿‹»†‹ ¿† •†“»†‹•–† ‹‚¿‹(cid:244) (cid:190)§ …»”•†•‹•–†(cid:244)
`has not been made available to the
`preting this act will not be misled by
`able to see that boost up close in my
`(cid:176)fi»‹•†„ ‹‚•› ¿‰‹ '•·· †–‹ (cid:190)» ‡•›·»… (cid:190)§
`¿(cid:190)·» ‹– ›»» ‹‚¿‹ (cid:190)––›‹ «(cid:176) ‰·–›» •† ‡§
`‚¿› †–‹ (cid:190)»»† ‡¿…» ¿“¿•·¿(cid:190)·» ‹– ‹‚»
`arguments made by opponents of this
`public? Such an interpretation of sec-
`home State of Michigan, where a new
`¿fi„«‡»†‹› ‡¿…» (cid:190)§ –(cid:176)(cid:176)–†»†‹› –” ‹‚•›
`‚–‡» ˝‹¿‹» –” (cid:211)•‰‚•„¿†(cid:244) '‚»fi» ¿ †»'
`(cid:176)«(cid:190)·•‰Æ ˝«‰‚ ¿† •†‹»fi(cid:176)fi»‹¿‹•–† –” ›»‰(cid:243)
`satellite Patent and Trademark Office
`part of the bill. The correct interpreta-
`tion 102 simply makes no sense, and
`(cid:176)¿fi‹ –” ‹‚» (cid:190)•··(cid:242) (cid:204)‚» ‰–fifi»‰‹ •†‹»fi(cid:176)fi»‹¿(cid:243)
`›¿‹»··•‹» —¿‹»†‹ ¿†… (cid:204)fi¿…»‡¿fi(cid:181) (cid:209)””•‰»
`‹•–† (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238) ›•‡(cid:176)·§ ‡¿(cid:181)»› †– ›»†›»(cid:244) ¿†…
`will be established in Detroit. This of-
`tion of section 102 and the grace period
`should be
`rejected for
`that
`reason
`‹•–† –” ›»‰‹•–† (cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:238) ¿†… ‹‚» „fi¿‰» (cid:176)»fi•–…
`'•·· (cid:190)» »›‹¿(cid:190)·•›‚»… •† (cid:220)»‹fi–•‹(cid:242) (cid:204)‚•› –”(cid:243)
`›‚–«·… (cid:190)» fi»¶»‰‹»… ”–fi ‹‚¿‹ fi»¿›–†
`alone.
`is that which has been consistently ad-
`fice will help modernize the patent sys-
`•› ‹‚¿‹ '‚•‰‚ ‚¿› (cid:190)»»† ‰–†›•›‹»†‹·§ ¿…(cid:243)
`”•‰» '•·· ‚»·(cid:176) ‡–…»fi†•ƒ» ‹‚» (cid:176)¿‹»†‹ ›§›(cid:243)
`¿·–†»(cid:242)
`vanced in the 2007 and 2011 committee
`Let me
`also address
`two other
`tem and improve the efficiency of pat-
`“¿†‰»… •† ‹‚» (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:240)Ø ¿†… (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239) ‰–‡‡•‹‹»»
`(cid:212)»‹ ‡» ¿·›– ¿……fi»››
`‹'– –‹‚»fi
`‹»‡ ¿†… •‡(cid:176)fi–“» ‹‚» »””•‰•»†‰§ –” (cid:176)¿‹(cid:243)
`misstatements that have been made
`reports for this bill, see Senate Report
`ent review and the hiring of patent ex-
`fi»(cid:176)–fi‹› ”–fi ‹‚•› (cid:190)•··(cid:244) ›»» ˝»†¿‹» ˛»(cid:176)–fi‹
`‡•››‹¿‹»‡»†‹› ‹‚¿‹ ‚¿“» (cid:190)»»† ‡¿…»
`»†‹ fi»“•»' ¿†… ‹‚» ‚•fi•†„ –” (cid:176)¿‹»†‹ »¤(cid:243)
`aminers.
`110—259, page 9, and House Report 112—
`about the bill’s first-to-file system. In
`ïïðŠîëçô °¿¹» çô ¿²¼ ر«­» λ°±®¬ ïïîŠ
`¿¾±«¬ ¬¸» ¾·´´Ž­ º·®­¬ó¬±óº·´» ­§­¬»³ò ײ
`¿‡•†»fi›(cid:242)
`98, page 43, as well as by both Chair-
`remarks appearing at 157 Cong. Rec.
`In addition, in an important victory
`(cid:231)Ł(cid:244) (cid:176)¿„» (cid:236)(cid:237)(cid:244) ¿› '»·· ¿› (cid:190)§ (cid:190)–‹‚ (cid:221)‚¿•fi(cid:243)
`fi»‡¿fi(cid:181)› ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)»¿fi•†„ ¿‹ (cid:239)ºØ (cid:221)–†„(cid:242) ˛»‰(cid:242)
`(cid:215)† ¿……•‹•–†(cid:244) •† ¿† •‡(cid:176)–fi‹¿†‹ “•‰‹–fi§
`man SMITH and Chairman LEAHY, see
`S1095 (daily ed. March 2, 2011), it was
`after years of effort
`to address the
`‡¿† ˝(cid:211)(cid:215)(cid:204)(cid:216) ¿†… (cid:221)‚¿•fi‡¿† (cid:212)(cid:219)(cid:223)(cid:216)˙(cid:244) ›»»
`˝(cid:239)(cid:240)(cid:231)º ł…¿•·§ »…(cid:242) (cid:211)¿fi‰‚ (cid:238)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239)(cid:247)(cid:244) •‹ '¿›
`¿”‹»fi §»¿fi› –” »””–fi‹ ‹– ¿……fi»›› ‹‚»
`157 Cong. Rec. S1496—97 (daily ed. March
`suggested that a provisional applica-
`problem, section 14 of the act finally
`ïëé ݱ²¹ò λ½ò ÍïìçêŠçé ø¼¿·´§ »¼ò Ó¿®½¸
`›«„„»›‹»… ‹‚¿‹ ¿ (cid:176)fi–“•›•–†¿· ¿(cid:176)(cid:176)·•‰¿(cid:243)
`(cid:176)fi–(cid:190)·»‡(cid:244) ›»‰‹•–† (cid:239)(cid:236) –” ‹‚» ¿‰‹ ”•†¿··§
`
`˚»fi(cid:220)¿‹» (cid:211)¿fi (cid:239)º (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:240)
`
`(cid:240)(cid:236)(cid:230)(cid:239)(cid:240) ˝»(cid:176) (cid:240)(cid:231)(cid:244) (cid:238)(cid:240)(cid:239)(cid:239) (cid:214)(cid:181)‹ (cid:240)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:240)Œ(cid:240) —(cid:209) (cid:240)(cid:240)(cid:240)(cid:240)(cid:240) (cid:218)fi‡ (cid:240)(cid:240)(cid:240)(cid:237)Ø (cid:218)‡‹ (cid:240)Œ(cid:238)(cid:236) ˝”‡‹ (cid:240)Œ(cid:237)(cid:236) (cid:219)(cid:230)˜(cid:221)˛˜(cid:218)(cid:211)˜(cid:223)(cid:240)Ł˝(cid:219)Œ(cid:242)(cid:240)(cid:237)º ˝(cid:240)Ł˝(cid:219)—(cid:204)(cid:239)
`
`›‡¿fi‹•†»ƒ–†(cid:220)˝(cid:213)Œ(cid:204)—(cid:204)˚(cid:210)(cid:239)—˛(cid:209)(cid:220)'•‹‚˝(cid:219)(cid:210)(cid:223)(cid:204)(cid:219)
`
`

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket