`Exhibit 1 3 3 l
`
`SR
`
`KR
`
`aeee7q088
`
`[19]
`United States Patent
`Date of Patent:
`145]
`May 19, 1987
`Kramer et 31.
`
`[11]
`
`Patent Number:
`
`4,667,088
`
`PORTABLE DATA PROCESSING AND
`STORAGE SYSTEM
`
`[56]
`
`[54]
`
`[76]
`
`Inventors: Kane N. Kramer, Oaktree Lodge,
`Arkley, Barnet, Hertfordshire; James
`S. Campbell, 7, Alwyne Place,
`London, N.l., both of United
`Kingdom
`
`[2]] Appl. No.:
`
`910,350
`
`[22] PCT Filed:
`
`Nov. 1,1982
`
`[86] PCT No.:
`§ 371 Date:
`
`PCT/GB82/00311
`Jul. 1, 1983
`
`§ 102(e) Date:
`
`Jul. 1, 1983
`
`[87] PCT Pub. No.: W083/01705
`PCT Pub. Date: May 11, 1983
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`[63]
`
`Continuation of Ser. No. 517,520, Jul. 1, 1983, aban-
`cloned.
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`[30]
`Nov 2, 1981 [GB] United Kingdom ................. 8133003
`
`Int. cm .
`[51]
`. ........................... G05K 5/00
`
`[52] US. Cl. .................................... 35/380; 255/379;
`255/487; 255/492
`235/380, 487, 492, 379;
`365/2
`
`[58] Field of Search
`
`References Cited
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2912139 10/1980 Fed. Rep. of Germany .
`2924647
`1/ 1981 Fed. Rep. of Germany .
`2115996
`3/1985 United Kingdom .
`
`Primary Examiner—Harold I. Pitts
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Murray and Whisenhunt
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A credit card size portable system comprises a bubble
`memory for storage serially of digital data, especially of
`sound analogue signal which has been digitally encoded -
`including, a decoder means for converting the memory
`output into analogue form, preferably several decoders
`each for one sound band, a control register for control-
`ling input and output of data from the memory and
`which is responsive to control data present in the input
`and output stream, and input and output for the data
`entering and leaving the card system. The memory can
`be of 8 megabyte size, which can record 3% minutes of
`music signal. Optical input can be used, with a photoe-
`lectric converter at the input. A card is readily pro-
`grammed with the digital data and can readily be stored
`or transported for replay of sound signal as desired, in
`place of conventional discs or cassettes. The control
`data bits are detected by the control register and serve
`to control the recording and replay steps. The digital
`data may be replayed directly from memory without
`passing through the decoders for input into another
`memory upon command from the control register.
`
`14 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures
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`U. S. Patent May 19, 1987
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`U. S. Patent May19, 1987
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
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`4,667,088
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`

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`1
`
`4,667,088
`
`PORTABLE DATA PROCESSING AND STORAGE
`SYSTEM
`
`This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 517,520,
`filed July 1, 1983, now abandoned.
`This invention relates to a data processing and stor-
`age system, and more particularly to such a system
`which is constructed so that information in analogue
`form can be stored in a memory in digital form and can
`be retrieved as desired and reproduced again in ana-
`logue form. The system is particularly intended for the
`storage of music.
`The currently used units for recording music or
`gramophone records or tape cassettes. We have devised
`a new method of recording which uses smaller memory
`units, which are more reliable and robust and for which
`no moving parts are needed for reproduction, and
`which units may readily be reprogrammed.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The background to the invention is as follows.
`The systems of the present invention are portable,
`most conveniently of the credit card size, wherein data
`is recorded in magnetic form; systems of this type with
`magnetic bubble memories are known, e.g. as described
`in U.S. Pat. No. 3,786,445 and European Published
`Patent Applications Nos. 1319] and 13192. The card
`shown in EPA 13191 contains a pair of memories and
`two controlling units. Such cards and systems are used
`purely with digital information, corresponding to nu-
`merical codes, such as is required for banking or identi-
`fication purposes, the input being by means of a key-
`board, and there has been no prior suggestion of using
`them for recording analogue information. Cards of such
`type have the memories arranged so as to allow immedi-
`ate recall of the data in any portion of the memory.
`It is known to store audio information in an electric
`memory system, but not hitherto in a convenient porta-
`ble and non-volatile memory unit. U.S. Pat. No.
`3,886,189 described a memory based on a ferroelectric
`capacitor or saturable ferromagnetic reactor of a non-
`uniform cross-section, but playback from such a mem-
`ory is destructive of information thereon.
`Equipment for the conversion of speech signals to
`digital form is now well known, and some of this equip—
`ment (wave form coders) is suitable for converting
`music to digital form.
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,296,664 describes sound reproduction
`apparatus in which a decoder converts digital pitch
`memory elements into analogue form; the memory has
`eight outputs and the apparatus is not simple and porta-
`ble as with the system of the present invention.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`In summary, we have devised a simple and conve-
`nient data storage system which is used in conjunction
`with a digital-to analogue decoder in such a way that a
`digitally encoded signal can be transmitted to the unit
`and retrieved in analogue form.
`According to the present invention we provide a
`portable data processing and storage system, which
`comprises: (a) a memory for the storage serially of digi-
`tal data, (b) means, connected in circuit to the memory,
`for converting output data from the memory to ana-
`logue form, and (C) controlling means for controlling
`the input and output of data from the memory which
`means scans all data from the memory, is responsive to
`
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`control data present in the input or output data stream,
`and instructs said memory to be ready to receive and
`store incoming data, and controls the input of analogue
`data into the memory; (a), (b) and (0) being mounted on
`a portable card, and on the housing of the card one or
`two connectors by which the system can be connected
`to an input of digital data and/or to an output for re-
`ceipt of the digital or analog data, and one or two con-
`nectors to a power supply for the system.
`The method of recording data using this system or
`card comprises feeding into the card an analogue signal
`which has been encoded into digital form, together with
`appropriate control data to control the recording and
`replay steps.
`The invention also includes said card when appropri-
`ately programmed ready for recording and replay of a
`specified type of data; and the card containing stored
`digital data.
`A recording system can comprise a plurality of the
`cards and a single data input source of digital data cor-
`responding to encoded analogue signal, e.g. of music. A
`replay system is described which allows retrieval of the
`data from one or more of the cards, for supply to sound
`reproduction means.
`The memory preferably consists of magnetic bubble
`elements, which are known to be used for storage of
`data but not for storage of data in digital form for re—
`trieval serially.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable data process-
`ing and storage card according to the invention; and
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a replay unit suitable for
`use with the card shown in FIG. 1.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`Referring to FIG. 1, a card 10 is preferably of stan-
`dard credit card areal size; its thickness, to accomodate
`a bubble memory, may be 3 to 4 mm. The card has
`electrical power connections 12, 13. The power is sup-
`-plied to all the components by appropriate internal
`connections, which are not shown. The internal links
`shown in the drawings are all for transmission of data, in
`the directions shown by the arrows, and all components
`and connectors except for the memory can be formed as
`integrated circuits on one or a few silicon slices.
`Two connectors 14, 15 are shown for input and out-
`put of data. These connections can be for connection to
`an optical fibre data communications system;
`in that
`case an optical receiver and transmitter of known type
`is required to convert the optical signals to electrical
`signals. The transmission of data optically has advan-
`tages in reduction in signal noise and interference.
`Within the card there are a signal detector and trans-
`mitter 18 connected to an input control register 20, for
`inspection of input data, and then to the memory 22
`which comprises a crystal slice of magnetic domains
`between two permanent magnets. On the output side
`there is a demultiplexer 24 linked to a plurality of digi-
`tal-to-analogue decoders 26 the outputs of which are
`combined in a signal mixer 28, and in parallel therewith
`an output control register 30; the outputs of mixer 28
`and register 30 join in an output multiplexer 32. A con»
`troller 34 is linked to both the control registers 20, 30
`and to the demultiplexer 24 by the respective links 38,
`39, 40, 41, 42 and via a memory controlling clock 36 to
`the memory 22. In place of the single unit 18 shown,
`
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`4,667,088
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`3
`there could be separate receptor and transmission units
`connected respectively to the input 14 and output 15.
`All the illustrated links (connectors) are serial, to
`minimise the number of links needed.
`Prior to being used,
`the control unit 34 is pro-
`grammed in the factory so as to correctly deal with
`digitized analogue data, control data and analogue data.
`The operation of the system is illustrated as follows
`for the storage of sound, especially music. The music
`signal is encoded (outside the illustrated system), into
`digital form, by any suitable technique; that known as
`differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is suitable.
`The encoding can be optimised by the inclusion of con-
`trol signals with the sound data. (A pulse code modula-
`tion coder quantises sampled sound amplitudes;
`the
`differential technique is more efficient and utilises the
`redundancies present in the sound, the change in ana—
`logue signal is recorded digitally at predetermined lev-
`els; the method is predictive and the predictive algo-
`rithm is externally programmable.) The sound fre-
`quency spectrum is subdivided into frequency bands
`each of which is encoded separately in a sub-band en-
`coder; each frequency domain is programmable, as is
`the amount of information needed to encode its signal in
`each time interval, so that the information is directed
`towards the parts of the sound waveband where it is
`most needed. The number of frequency bands may cor-
`respond to the number of instruments/voices in an en-
`semble, and should correspond to the number of decod-
`ers 26. For recording in stereo, the encoding preferably
`is done by encoding one channel in terms only of its
`difference from the other channel; usually this differ-
`ence will be small enough to allow encoding with sub-
`stantial saving in information over that needed for sepa-
`rate encoding of two channels. An 8 megabyte memory
`22 should allow recording of at least 3% minutes of
`music, i.e. corresponding to one side of a “singles” re-
`cord disc. The memory could be larger to provide a
`longer recording time. The encoding should be done by
`use of a program which needs minimal storage in the
`memory 22.
`With a bubble memory, it is necessary to provide, in
`the encoding and replay systems, means for generating
`a rotating magnetic field which is required to allow the
`data to move within the memory.
`The encoded data is then fed into input 14 on the card
`system; if this feed is by optical rather than electrical
`signal, then the optical signal is converted by photoelec—
`tric means to electrical signal at the input stage within
`the card. Electrical power is applied at 12, 13 to the the
`system during input and output (no power is needed
`during the storage of the encoded information, the bub-
`ble memory 22 persists without power). The first of the
`integrated microcircuit components is the signal detec-
`tor and transmitter 18, this holds the data as needed
`until it can be subsequently handled. The data stream, in
`serial order, is passed to the input control register 20
`where data which are recognised to be control instruc-
`tion (not digitised analogue data) are sent via link 38 to
`the main controller 34. The controller then instructs the
`memory 22 and its clock to be ready to receive and
`store the incoming data, and it then instructs the'input
`register 20 to release the encoded analogue data into the
`memory. The controller can be arranged to send signals
`externally of the card to show whether or not memory
`storage is successfully taking place, and to instruct the
`system supplying the data as to what action to take if
`error conditions occur during recording.
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`The memory 22 is preferably organised so as to ap-
`pear to be a circular shift register of the required size
`and is clocked at the same speed, controlled by the
`memory control clock 36, during recording and replay.
`One “bit” is presented to the memory at a time.
`When recording is completed, which can take a very
`short time, the card is removed from the input recorder
`and can be stored or transported as required.
`For replay of the recorded data, the card is placed in
`an appropriate replay location (see FIG. 2) with an
`input 44 thereof in contact with the card output 15.
`Some means is needed to signal to the controller 34 that
`replay is to take place; this could be by use of a signal
`through input 14 via the signal detector and transmitter
`18, register 20 and link 38 to controller 34, or via a
`separate input, e.g. on another face of the card, perhaps
`actuated by a small press—button. On receipt of the ap-
`propriate signal, the controller 34 instructs the memory
`controller clock 36 to prepare the memory 22 for output
`of its stored data; the controller also will instruct the
`demultiplexer 24 (and decoders 26) how to deal with
`the data which they will receive, if this information is
`not already adequately programmed into these compo-
`nents. This output will be at a speed much faster (at least
`100 times) than that required for actual sound reproduc-
`tion.
`During replay, there is no need to synchronise the
`memory clock 36 with an external signal, as there is in
`the recording mode where it must be synchronised with
`the incoming data. No instructions will therefore be
`issued to the clock.
`The instructions to the decoders 26 and the demulti-
`plexer 24 will be obtained from the memory 22, since
`they are supplied to the card with the encoded signal.
`The controller 34 may simply signal to the various
`devices when the appropriate control information is
`output from the memory. The controller may recognise
`further instructions at any stage during replay, and may
`cause some or all of the devices to be reprogrammed
`accordingly. The controller will scan all data from the
`memory and determine which items are intended for it.
`The demultiplexer 24 will either discriminate between
`signal and control
`information itself or will be in-
`structed to do so by the controller.
`The demultiplexer 24 directs digital data to the ap-
`propriate decoder 26 in accordance with the sub-band
`of the data. The decoder can read the data at the re—
`quired slower reproduction rate by taking, e.g. only one
`out of every 100 bits of information presented to it at a
`time; the intervening 99 bits will be read on subsequent
`cycles of memory, so the data in the memory is held in
`an interleaved fashion. Control or status signals in the
`data stream from the memory are separated, e.g. by
`another register, and passed to the output register 30,
`and can be used via link 41 to keep the controller 24
`informed of progress of the replay; the controller simul—
`taneously generates “status” signals.
`The decoders 26 operate in reverse manner to the
`encoder used originally; the analogue data streams pro-
`duced are combined in mixer 28, and this sound signal is
`combined in the multiplexer 32 with the status output
`signals, and the mixed signal is passed to the signal
`detector transmitter 18 and there to the output 15 of the
`card and to the input 44 of the replay location. The
`generated status signals should of course not be of audi-
`ble pitch; they can be used to control the replay appara—
`tus, e.g. to switch off when the replay has finished.
`Once started, the replay continues until the end of the
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`5
`recording is reached or until another command is sent
`to the card.
`The data normally remains in the memory 22 after
`each replay.
`the system can be pro-
`In another mode of use,
`grammed so that the output is of the data in its digital
`form; the controller 34 then instruct the output register
`30 to pass the data from the memory 22 directly to the
`output multiplexer 32, without passing through the
`recoders 26; such a digital output can be used, as men—
`tioned above, as input into another memory, e.g. of
`another portable card of the invention. (The digital
`output cannot of course be reproduced as intelligible
`sound without subsequent decoding.)
`The controller 34 could be programmed to keep a
`count of the number of times that digital data is repro-
`duced, and if desired to cease to allow further such
`reproductions above a specified maximum number of
`times; thus the owner of copyright sound data could
`prevent unlicensed copying, since a copy of satisfactory
`quality can only be made from the digital data, not from
`the normal analogue output.
`Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a diagram of the
`essential parts of a replay unit suitable for use with the
`card already described. Power outputs 50, 52, and data
`connections 44, 46 are arranged to receive the connec-
`tions 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the card shown in FIG. 1. A
`power supply 80 supplies power to sockets 50, 52, and
`also (by connections not shown) to the other compo-
`nents of the replay unit.
`If the data is to be fed in optical form to the card, an
`Optical receiver and transmitter replace the connections
`44 and 46 respectively.
`A control unit 58, an input register 60, a signal detec-
`tor and transmitter 63 and digital—to-analogue decoders
`62, each of which can be a microchip, are connected in
`the manner shown.
`For stereo reproduction, left/right channel separa-
`tion is also provided in the decoder 62. This decoder is
`connected to at least one audio frequency filter; in the
`diagram three such filters are shown, 72 and 70 being
`for left-hand and right-hand stereo music channels and
`68 being available for speech reproduction, or digital
`signals, i.e. for a VDU or other display means.
`The controller 58 is connected at 76 to external con-
`trol means, such as press-buttons, for the replay unit (in
`the manner of a tape cassette machine), and also to
`signal means, e.g. of lights such as LED, for indicating
`the mode of operation of the unit. During replay the
`controller 58 may be programmed to generate at inter-
`vals signals which may be fed via links 76 to external
`means such as a video recorder, to provide second and
`picture synchronisation.
`In use, a card containing encoded data is placed with
`its respective connections 12, 13, 14, 15 in contact with
`the sockets 44, 46, 50, 52, power is supplied from unit
`80, a command is given to the control unit 58 to com-
`mence replay and the recovered data passes to the input
`register 60, which removes control data from the stream
`of data, which is passed onto the controller 58, and
`allows the remaining sound data to pass to the decoder
`62 or 66 and thence it is supplied to the filters 68 etc.,
`and thence to an amplifier and loud speakers or head-
`phones (not shown), as desired for sound reproduction.
`The third channel 68, for speech or digital signals is
`only available when the card output is in digital form;
`alternatively, four channels can be provided.
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`When analogue signals are transmitted, the digital-to-
`analogue decoder 62 is bypassed, and the data can in-
`stead be in stereo form and separation in the decoder 66
`and passed to the respective stereo channels at 70 and
`72.
`The replay unit, apart from amplifier and loud speak-
`ers or headphones, can be very compact, e.g.
`little
`larger than the storage system card itself, and this if
`used with headphones, and batteries as the power sup-
`ply 58, the entire system can be portable. The unit can
`have a slot extending within its body, for receipt of a
`card.
`Alternatively, for use. in the home, vehicle or com-
`mercial applications, a single replay unit can be ar-
`ranged to receive a plurality of cards, and the control
`means can be arranged so that the cards can be played
`in any specified sequence, by respective connection of
`the appropriate card interface, and signal means can be
`provided to show which card is being played at any
`specified time.
`The invention may be used in the following ways.
`
`As a replacement of conventional discs or cassettes
`the card of the invention is highly convenient and porta-
`ble. A record shop can have a stock of “blank” cards
`and can encode one with the desired piece of music
`from a data store in the shop or at a distant location,
`when requested by a customer. A data store in the shop
`could be held on one of the card systems of the inven-
`tion, instructed to give a digital output.
`The data stored on the system could be analogue data
`other than sound, e.g. for recording scientific, technical,
`medical or computer information.
`For recording of music the device of the invention
`has advantages of small size, reliability and absence of
`moving parts. Since the recording of sound data can be
`rapidly performed in a shop,
`there are considerable
`savings in costs of reproduction, distribution and the
`cost of stocks, compared to conventional gramophone
`record discs and pre-recorded tape cassettes. Moreover,
`the user can have his card system reprogrammed with a
`fresh recording when he has no further use for his pres-
`ent recording.
`An input to the system could be set up in a shop or
`other place accessible to the public and controlled by an
`automatic mechanism so that upon insertion of appro—
`priate money or credit card, either the purchaser’s exist-
`ing card could be reprogrammed with desired music or
`a new card would be sold, likewise programmed as
`desired, or the card could be replayed there for the user
`to hear, in the manner of a “juke box”.
`We claim:
`1. A portable data processing and storage system,
`having a memory and means for feeding data to, and
`retrieving it from the memory, which system comprises:
`a. said memory capable of storage serially of digital
`data,
`b. means, connected in circuit to the memory, for
`converting output data from the memory to ana-
`logue form, and
`c. controlling means for controlling the input and
`output of data from the memory which means
`scans all data from the memory, is responsive to
`control data present in the input or output data
`stream, and instructs said memory to be ready to
`receive and store incoming data, and controls the
`input of analogue data into the memory; (a), (b) and
`(c) being mounted on a portable card,
`
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`4,667,088
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`8
`play of data recorded on said system, a detector capable
`of detecting and removing control data from a stream of
`output data from said system on its card and for passing
`said control data to said controller, and means for pass-
`ing analogue form output data to sound reproduction
`means.
`
`7
`and on a housing of the card two connectors by
`which the system can be connected to an input of
`digital data and to an output for receipt of the
`analogue or digital form data, and one or two con-
`nectors to a power supply for the system.
`2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mem-
`ory (a) consists of magnetic bubble elements.
`3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the con-
`version means (b) comprises a plurality of decoders
`each programmable to convert a prescribed type of
`data, and links are provided to combine the outputs
`from the decoders before output of the data from the
`system.
`4. A system as claimed in claim 1, which includes a
`link by which the output from the memory can be
`passed directly in serial form to the output data connec-
`tor on the housing, thus bypassing the conversion means
`(b), upon command from the controlling means respon-
`sive to control data present in the output data stream.
`5. A system as claimed in claim 1, which includes a
`control register circuit in each of the input and output
`streams, which registers are arranged to pass control
`data to the controlling means (c).
`6. A system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mem-
`ory has a capacity of at least 8 megabytes of data.
`7. A system as claimed in claim 1, containing in its
`memory stored data corresponding to music as the ana-
`logue input.
`8. A combination of a system as claimed in claim 1,
`together with means for converting analogue data to
`digital data to be stored in the portable system.
`9. A combination of at least one system as claimed in
`claim 1, together with a replay unit which includes
`means for supplying power to the data storage system,
`means for connection to the data connections of the
`storage system, a controller capable of receiving a com-
`mand and thereupon commending or stopping the re-
`
`10. A method of recording data, using a combination
`as claimed in claim 8, which comprises feeding into the
`system an analogue signal which has been encoded into
`serial digital form, together with appropriate control
`data to control recording and replay steps of the
`method.
`‘
`11. A method of recording and replay of music data
`using a system as claimed in claim 9, wherein each
`frequency band of the music has been encoded sepa-
`rately and is stored separately in the memory (a), and
`during output from the portable system the data corre—
`sponding to each band is passed, by command of the
`controlling means (c), to a respective one of the decod-
`ers (b), and the decoded analogue signals are combined
`to give an output signal which is suitable for direct
`replay as music.
`12. A method of digital reproduction of data re-
`corded in a system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the
`data output from the portable system is in its encoded
`digital form.
`13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the
`encoded digital output data is used as the input to be
`stored in the memory of one or more other of said por-
`table systems.
`14. A method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the
`controlling means is programmed to- generate at inter-
`vals signals which are passed, separately from the
`stream of output data, to control external synchronisa-
`tion means.
`*
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