WIDEAREA HIGH
`SPEED NETWORKS
`
`Dr. Sidnic Feit
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`Apple Exhibit 1038 Page 00001
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`Copyright © 1999 by Macmillan Technical Publishing
`FIRST EDITION
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`ITU~T Public Data Network Architecture
`A more cost-effective option called a
`
`succinctly, a service provider.
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`The data network architecture introduc
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`0 Customers (also called subscribers) can set up switched circuits on demand or contract
`for permanent circuits.
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`- There is a standard interface between an organization’s private telephone network
`(implemented by a PBX) and a public telephone network.
`
`Similarly, for the ITU—T data network architecture
`0 There is a standard interface between an access device, such as a computer, router,
`bridge, or switch, and the network.
`I Customers can set up switched circuits on demand or contract for permanent circuits.
`0 Public data networks all over the world can be linked into a global data network. This is
`possible because the ITU—T defined a standard data network-to—network interface.
`0 An organization’s private data network (implemented by appropriate data network
`switches) can be connected to a public data network via a standard interface.
`Some key features that make data networks very different from conventional telephone
`networks are
`0 The cost of a public data network circuit does not depend on the distance traversed
`across the data networks.
`0 A subscriber" device can establish hundreds of concurrent circuits via one port on the
`device and one communications line that connects the port to the data network.
`
`Figure 1.2 is a conceptual illustration of the way an organization plugs systems into a
`public data network and sets up circuits between systems. For example, in Figure 1.2,
`there are three circuits between System A and other systems attached to the data network.
`The three circuits share the single line that connects System A to the network.
`Figure 1.3 shows a close-up view of a line that connects a system to a data network. The '
`customer’s system is called an access device. The line is called an access line. The black lines
`represent circuits that share the access line.
`
`Virtual Circuit:
`A data network circuit is called a virtual circuit because, unlike a telephone call, a fixed
`bandwidth is not reserved for the exclusive use of the circuit. Instead, traffic for many cir-
`cuits shares links within the network. This is a reasonable design to use for data transmis-
`sions, which are intermittent and bursty.
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`122 Wide Area High Speed Networks
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`.FiQ'ti_r<§2i1_.2l'
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`K
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`Systems accessing a public data network.
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`“Figure 1.33.
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`Circuits sharing an access line.
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`Customer
`Access
`Device
`
`A
`Access Line
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`Intewml Structure
`
`Internally, a public data network is made up of a mesh of switches and high-bandwidth
`lines, as shown in Figure 1.4. A high~bar'1dwidth line is a lot cheaper than many separate
`low-bandwidth lines that add up to the same total capacity. Bulk bandwidth is a bargain.
`Public data network customers enjoy cost savings because they share the bandwidth in the
`high-capacity lines within the provider’s network.
`
`A service provider places switches that interface to customer sites at strategically located
`sites called point: ofpreseme (POP:)..A subscriber accesses a service provider’s network by
`connecting to the nearest POP. In most cases, this is a leased line connection.
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