Exhibit 1024
`
`||||l|||||||l|||l|||||||||llllll|||||lllll|||||||||||||l|llllllllllllllllll
`USOO54383l2A
`
`[19]
`United States Patent
`5,438,312
`[11] Patent Number:
`Lewis
`[45] Date of Patent: Aug. 1, 1995
`
`
`
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-—-Sandra L. Etherton
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`An electronic system for preventing keys from being
`locked inside a vehicle. An ignition or door key houses
`a wireless transmitter which can send a signal to lock or
`unlock the vehicle doors. As a driver approaches a
`locked car, the unlock button on the transmitter is
`pressed, thereby unlocking the doors. Upon exiting the
`vehicle, a driver may inadvertently lock himself out of
`the vehicle if the doors are manually locked when the
`door key is inadvertently left somewhere inside the car.
`To prevent lock-out, an oscillating unlock signal is auto-
`matically sent from the transmitter to the electronic
`door locks. Simultaneously an alarm sounds to alert the
`driver that the keys are still in the car. The driver re-
`turns to the vehicle, opens the doors which have been
`automatically unlocked, and retrieves the keys. Upon
`retrieval of the keys, the driver again exits the vehicle,
`locks the doors manually or electronically, and presses
`the lock button to stop the alarm and end the transmis-
`sion of the oscillating unlock signal.
`
`ANTI-LOCKOUT SYSTEM
`Inventor:
`
`James Lewis, 615 W. Chilton St.,
`Chandler, Ariz. 85224
`
`Appl. No.: 229,750
`
`Apr. 19, 1994
`Filed:
`Int. C1.5 ............................................. .. B60Q 1/00
`U.S. Cl. ................................. 340/457; 340/457.1;
`340/542; 340/539; 307/10.1; 70/263
`Field of Search ..................... 340/457, 539, 457.1,
`340/542, 522; 307/9.1, 10.1; 70/57, 252, 263,
`264, DIG. 49
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`...................... 340/457.1
`4,096,468 6/1978 Kopera, Jr.
`. 361/172
`4,419,712 12/1983 Shimizu.....
`
`361/172
`4,428,024 1/1984
`‘
`4,672,375 6/1987
`340/825.31
`4,709,777 12/1987
`180/286
`4,789,851 12/1988
`340/52 D
`4.811.013
`3/1989
`340/825.31
`
`
`
`[54]
`[76]
`
`[21]
`
`[22]
`[51]
`[52]
`
`[53]
`
`[56]
`
`Primary Examz'ner——Donnie L. Crosland
`
`13 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`Liberty Mutual
`
`Exhibit 1024
`
`Page 000001
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`U.S. PatentU.S. Patent
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`Aug. 1,1995Aug. 1,1995
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`5,438,3125,438,312
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`Aug. 1, 1995
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`BACKGROUND OF Tl-IE INVENTION
`This invention relates generally to a system that pre-
`vents keys from inadvertently being locked in a vehicle.
`More particularly this invention relates to an electronic
`system in which an alarm sounds and vehicle doors
`automatically unlock when the keys have been left any-
`where inside the vehicle.
`To the chagrin of automobile drivers, it is easy to
`lock ignition and door keys in a vehicle, thus locking
`the driver out. This occurs when the driver leaves the
`keys in the car, exits the car, and locks the doors with-
`out a key by manually manipulating the latch or elec-
`tronically engaging the locks. While most drivers find
`this embarrassing and annoying, locking the keys in the
`car can also be dangerous if a small child or animal is
`locked inside.
`For safety reasons, young children are often strapped
`into a safety seat for travel. It is likely that the child
`does not know how to unlatch the safety seat belts or is
`not dexterous enough to do it. Similarly such a child
`may not be able to unlock a car door from the inside,
`even if not strapped into a safety seat. If a driver inad-
`vertently locks the car keys in the car while the child is
`inside, a precarious situation arises. The child can’t get
`out and the driver can’t get in.
`As is often the cause, drivers with small children may
`drive a van or station wagon. A common scene is to
`finish shopping and return to the car with groceries and
`a child. Before loading the groceries, the passenger
`compartment is unlocked with the keys and the child is
`placed in the car seat. The driver then goes to the trunk
`or rear of the van to load the groceries. The rear door
`is opened and because the driver wants to use two hands
`to load, the car keys are set down in the car. After the
`groceries are loaded, the driver slams the trunk or door
`tightly for security, locking the door by habit, only to
`realize in horror that the groceries, child and keys are
`now securely locked in the car.
`A similar situation may arise if an animal is in the car
`when the driver exits the vehicle and inadvertently
`locks the keys in the car. Moreover, even if the driver
`leaves the doors unlocked, an active animal may inad-
`vertently lock the doors by stepping on the door lock
`button or plunger, thereby locking itself in the car.
`Aside from the embarrassment to the driver, and the
`subsequent expense and wasted time to call for police or
`a locksmith to unlock the door, the safety of the child or
`animal can become of great concern. If the vehicle is
`turned off, as is normally the case when keys are locked
`in the car, the interior environment of the vehicle is not
`. controlled. In desert areas, the interior temperature of a
`closed vehicle can reach 140 degrees in a matter of 55
`minutes. Likewise in coldareas, the interior tempera-
`ture can drop to sub-freezing temperatures in a very
`short time. These temperature extremes can be life-
`threatening to humans and animals locked in the car.
`The prior art has endeavored to create devices which
`prevent car keys from being locked in a car, generally
`known as anti-lockout devices. However, these devices
`were not created to prevent life-threatening conditions
`to vehicle occupants. Instead they were developed to
`alert the driver that the ignition keys were still in the
`ignition upon the driver’s exit and, if not retrieved, to
`disable the locking mechanisms. U.S. Pat. Nos.
`4,709,777, 4,789,851, 4,428,024 and 4,419,712 describe
`
`65
`
`1
`
`ANTI-LOCKOUT SYSTEM
`
`5,438,312
`
`2
`variations on an electronic door lock interlock which
`senses the presence of a key in the ignition.‘ When the
`key is in the ignition and the driver attempts to lock the
`doors, an alarm sounds and the locking mechanism is
`disabled. These devices work as anti-lockout devices
`only if the key has been left in the ignition. A driver
`would be locked out if the keys were left anywhere else
`in the car but the ignition, like the floor, on the seat, or
`in the trunk.
`Instead of unlocking the car doors automatically
`when the keys have been left inside, other prior art
`inventions for keyless entry systems automatically lock
`the doors to prevent theft of the vehicle or its contents.
`These devices do not prevent or solve the situation
`where a child is locked in a car and, in fact, aggravate
`it. Keyless entry systems do not require keys to operate
`door locks, and use remote control technology to elec-
`tronically operate door locks and the like. Instead of a
`key to insert in a mechanical lock, the driver carries a
`transmitter to signal the locks to engage electronically.
`Anti-lockout devices have been designed into this wire-
`less technology so that if a transmitter is locked in the
`car, the driver may still enter with a key or by entering
`a preset code. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,672,375
`describes a keyless entry system that alerts the driver if
`the transmitter has been left in the car. If the driver does
`not retrieve the transmitter, the doors automatically
`lock, the keyless entry system is disabled, and the car
`can be entered only with a key.
`Anti-lock devices are well known in the prior art.
`However, until now, these devices served to alert the
`driver only if the key has been left in the ignition. If the
`keys are removed from the ignition, but still left some-
`where in the car, the prior art devices are ineffective.
`Therefore, it is an object of this invention to overcome
`the problems of prior art and provide an anti-lockout
`system which will prevent the doors from locking if the
`keys have been left in the car, regardless of their loca-
`tion within the car. It is a further object of this invention
`to enable a. driver to re-enter the car to retrieve the car
`keys if they have been left in the car. It is a further
`object of this invention to provide a system which will
`alert the driver that the keys have been left in the car so
`that the keys can be retrieved and the doors locked.
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`This patent discloses an electronic system for pre-
`venting keys from being locked inside a vehicle. A
`vehicle key houses a wireless transmitter which can
`send a signal to lock or unlock the vehicle doors. To
`enter a car normally, a driver approaches a locked car
`and presses the unlock button on the transmitter, which
`in turn unlocks the doors. To exit a car normally, the
`driver exits the car with keys in hand, and locks the
`doors by transmitting a lock signal or otherwise engag-
`ing the locks.
`W
`However, a driver may inadvertently lock himself
`out of the vehicle if he exits and locks the doors manu-
`ally when the key is inadvertently left somewhere inside
`the car. To prevent lock-out in such a situation, an
`oscillating unlock signal is automatically sent from the
`transmitter to the electronic door locks as soon as the
`driver’s seat belt is unbuckled. After a few seconds
`delay,
`if the lock button on the transmitter is not
`pressed, an alarm sounds to alert the driver that the keys
`are still in the car. The driver may then return to the
`vehicle, open the doors which have automatically been
`
`Page 000007
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`5,438,312
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`3
`kept unlocked, and retrieve the keys. Upon retrieval of
`the keys, the driver again exits the vehicle, locks the
`doors manually or electronically, and presses the lock
`button to stop the alarm and end the transmission of the
`oscillating unlock signal. The car is secured and the 5
`driver has the keys in hand. To save the battery life of
`the transmitter, the oscillating unlock signal can also be
`turned off by inserting the key in the ignition.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`10
`
`FIG. 1 is an illustration of the key housing the lock-
`/unlock transmitter.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the general circuit
`arrangement of the key transmitter.
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the general circuit
`arrangement of the vehicle-mounted receiver.
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the general circuit
`arrangement of the battery-life saving feature incorpo-
`rated into the vehicle ignition.
`FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`15
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`
`Referring now to the accompanying drawings, FIG.
`1 and 2 illustrate the key transmitter. Preferably the 25
`transmitting/receiving process is based on standard
`radio frequency remote control technology, commonly
`known in the prior art, with improvements that imple-
`ment the invention. FIG. 1 illustrates a key 10 housing
`the lock/unlock transmitter for the present invention. A
`lock button 11 on the head 12 of the key 10 is depressed
`to transmit a signal to a remote receiver to lock the
`doors. An unlock button 13 is depressed to transmit a
`signal to the remote receiver to unlock the doors.
`Alternatively, the transmitter can be housed in a key 35
`holder separate from the head of the key, but still at-
`tached to it. U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,319 describes such a
`key holder for a remote control transmitter. If using this
`alternative embodiment, however,
`inserting the key
`into the ignition will not terminate the oscillating un- 40
`lock signal. Instead, the unlock signal transmission will
`continue, running off the battery until the lock button is
`again depressed. This will tend to run the battery down
`sooner than if the transmitter circuitry is housed in the
`head of the key.
`The circuitry necessary to carry out the transmission
`is illustrated in FIG. 2. Discrete circuits may be used,
`but it would be advantageous to add the necessary cir-
`cuitry to an existing microcontroller or application
`specific integrated circuit (ASIC), as the transmitter
`housing should be quite small. Other possible embodi-
`ments of the transmission circuitry such as a program-
`mable logic device (PLD) or a field programmable gate
`array (FPGA) would be recognized by those skilled in
`the art. The transmission is powered by a battery, pref-
`erably a lithium or Ni-Cad battery, known for their
`small size and long life.
`A latch or memory unit 21 connects the lock 11 and
`unlock 13 buttons to the transmitter 22. When the lock
`button 11 is depressed, the transmitter 22 generates a
`radio frequency lock signal 122 that the antenna 23
`emits. The duration of the radio frequency lock signal
`122 is determined by the lock signal 125. The duration
`of the lock signal 125 is as long as the time the lock
`button 11 is depressed. Alternatively, it can be of uni-
`form duration by using a pulse generator 25 triggered
`by the lock button 11, as shown in FIG. 2. The latch 21
`shown in FIG. 2 is preferably a reset-set flip-flop (re-
`
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`ferred to as RS»FF), but those skilled in the art will
`recognize other embodiments for it, such as an SC, D-
`or JK flip-flop, a register in a microprocessor, or logic
`gates. The state 121 of the latch 21 is determined by the
`lock 11] and unlock 113 signals. The latch 21 becomes
`active when the unlock button 13 is depressed and re-
`mains active until the lock button 11 is depressed.
`Interposed between the latch 21 and the transmitter
`22 is a reed switch 26 and an oscillator 24. The reed
`switch 26, normally closed, deactivates the continuous
`unlock signal when the reed switch is open. The oscilla-
`tor 24 generates a duty cycle 124 of a short period “on”
`and longer period “off” when it receives a constant
`unlock signal 126. Preferably, the cycle consists of send-
`ing approximately a two-second unlock signal followed
`by a period of approximately ten seconds where no
`signal is generated. The transmitter 22 outputs a radio
`frequency unlock signal 122 to the antenna 23 when the
`period “on” of the duty cycle 124 is received.
`FIG. 3 shows the general circuit arrangement of the
`preferred embodiment of the vehicle-mounted section
`of the present invention. The circuitry is based on stan-
`dard remote control and electronic door lock technol-
`ogy, known commercially, with improvements that
`implement the invention. The receiver 32 receives a
`radio frequency signal 131, either lock or unlock, from
`an antenna 31 and outputs a non-oscillating lock 138 or
`an oscillating unlock 132 signal, respectively. A stan-
`dard door lock mechanism 38 is activated when a non-
`oscillating lock signal 138 is generated. When an oscil-
`lating unlock signal 132 is generated, the driver’s pres-
`ence in the car is tested via a driver’s seat belt switch 33.
`Preferably, when the seat belt is buckled (indicating the
`driver’s presence in the car), a driver’s seat belt switch
`33 is open and the oscillating unlock signal 132 is inhib-
`ited. However, if the seat belt is unbuckled, the driver’s
`seat belt switch 33 is closed and the oscillating unlock
`signal 132 activates a standard door unlock mechanism
`37 and the vehicle horn 36 or other audible alarm mech-
`anism.
`Preferably, a door ajar switch 34 and a pulse genera-
`for 35 are interposed between the driver’s seat belt
`switch 33 and the horn 36. The door ajar switch 34
`allows the driver to unlock the vehicle and open the
`door (e.g. while loading groceries in the vehicle) with-
`out sounding the horn 36. If desired, the pulse generator
`35 may be used to allow a pulsed warning signal 135
`length to be adjusted independent of the oscillating
`unlock signal length (which is equal to the duty cycle
`period “on”).
`Because the oscillating unlock signal is continually
`transmitted unless affirmatively stopped,
`the battery
`powering the transmitter may die quickly. FIG. 4 illus-
`trates the general circuit arrangement of the optional
`battery-life saving feature of the invention. An electro-
`magnet 41 is contained within the ignition switch 42.
`When the driver’s seat belt is buckled, the driver’s seat
`belt switch outputs a signal 141 to activate the electro-
`magnet 41. When the reed switch 26 in the key transmit-
`ter 10 comes in close proximity to the electromagnet 41,
`the switch is opened; the oscillator’s 24 duty cycle is
`stopped and the transmitter 22 no longer outputs unlock
`signals. This feature increases battery life for the key
`transmitter 10.
`FIG. 5 illustrates the method embodied by this inven-
`tion for preventing keys from being locked in a vehicle.
`The system is at rest 54 (in a stable state) only after the
`
`Page 000008
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`5,438,312
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`5
`lock button has been depressed 51 and a lock doors
`signal 52 has been sent to the door lock mechanism 53.
`When the unlock button is depressed 61, the system is
`in a constantly unstable state. If‘the key is in the igni-
`tion, the reed switch opens 62 and the system pauses
`when the seat belt is buckled 64. If the key is not in the
`ignition, an unlock signal 63 is transmitted. If the seat
`belt is not buckled 64 the unlock duty cycle 67, 68 will
`continue and if the door is closed 65 the horn will also
`be sounded 66. The unstable unlocked state prevents the
`driver from leaving the key in the vehicle and manually
`locking the doors, by repeatedly unlocking the doors
`and sounding the horn to alert the driver to retrieve the
`key. The unstable unlocked state distinguishes this in-
`vention from the prior art because no affirmative action
`such as pressing an automatic door lock button is re-
`quired to alert the driver. An affirmative action (i.e.
`pressing the lock button 11 on the key transmitter 10) is
`required to prevent the system from alerting the driver.
`This improves safety by requiring the driver to retrieve
`the key from the vehicle before looking it, thus allowing
`the driver to always be able to unlock the vehicle when
`needed.
`The improvements embodied by this invention relate
`to the process of unlocking vehicle doors. In this inven-
`tion, the unlock signal sent by the transmitter is an oscil-
`lating duty cycle, whereby the doors are continually
`unlocked until the unlock signal is stopped by one of
`several actions. This process requires not only an affir-
`mative action to lock the doors, but enables the unlock
`signal until it, too, is affirmatively stopped. This combi-
`nation of actions prevents the keys housing the transmit-
`ter from being locked in the car. These objectives are
`achieved with the anti-lockout system described above
`and in the accompanying drawings. Variations and
`modifications which are in the spirit of this invention
`are considered to fall within the scope of this patent.
`I claim:
`1. A method for preventing keys from being locked in
`a vehicle comprising:
`transmitting a first lock signal;
`transmitting a first oscillating unlock signal;
`receiving the first lock signal and outputting a second
`lock signal;
`locking at least one door of a vehicle when the sec-
`ond lock signal is received;
`receiving the first oscillating unlock signal and out-
`putting a second oscillating unlock signal;
`inhibiting the second oscillating unlock signal when a
`driver’s seat belt is buckled;
`inhibiting the second oscillating unlock signal when
`at least one door of the vehicle is open;
`sounding an audible warning when the second oscil-
`lating unlock signal is output;
`unlocking at least one door of the vehicle when the
`second oscillating unlock signal is output;
`whereby at least one door of a vehicle is unlocked
`and the audible warning is sounded when the seat
`belt is unbuckled and at least one door of the vehi-
`cle is closed.
`2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the trans-
`mitted first oscillating unlock signal and first lock signal
`are of radio frequency.
`3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the
`audible warning is sounded after a preset delay period.
`4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the
`audible warning is a veliicle’s horn.
`
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`5. The method according to claim 1 in which the first
`lock signal is transmitted by depressing a lock button
`attached to a vehicle ignition key; and
`the first oscillating unlock signal is transmitted by
`depressing an unlock button attached to the vehicle
`ignition key.
`6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the
`transmission of the first oscillating unlock signal
`is
`stopped by pressing the lock button attached to the
`vehicle ignition key.
`7. The method according to claim 5 in which the first
`lock signal is transmitted by depressing a lock button
`integral with a vehicle ignition key head; and
`the first oscillating unlock signal is transmitted by
`depressing an unlock button integral with the vehi-
`cle ignition key head; and
`the transmission of the first oscillating unlock signal is
`stopped by inserting the vehicle ignition key into a
`vehicle ignition.
`8. A method for preventing keys from being locked in
`a vehicle comprising:
`depressing a lock button attached to a vehicle ignition
`key when at least one door of a vehicle is to be
`locked;
`depressing a.n unlock button attached to the vehicle
`ignition key when at least one door of a vehicle is
`to be unlocked;
`when the unlock button is depressed, outputting a
`first oscillating unlock signal from an electronic
`circuit capable of outputting a first signal in re-
`sponse to an unlock signal and a second signal in
`response to a lock signal;
`when the lock button is depressed, outputting a first
`lock signal from the electronic circuit capable of
`outputting a first signal in response to an unlock
`signal and a second signal in response to a lock
`signal;
`outputting a second oscillating unlock signal from an
`oscillator connected to a reed switch when the first
`oscillating unlock signal is received;
`transmitting the second oscillating unlock signal and
`the first look signal with a transmitter wherein the
`oscillator is connected to the transmitter;
`receiving the second oscillating unlock signal with a
`receiver when the second oscillating unlock signal
`is transmitted and receiving the first lock signal
`with a receiver when the first lock signal is trans-
`mitted;
`outputting a third oscillating unlock signal when the
`second oscillating unlock signal is received and
`outputting a non-oscillating lock signal when the
`first lock signal is received;
`inhibiting the third oscillating iuilock signal when a
`driver’s seat belt is buckled, a driver’s seat belt
`switch being connected to the receiver and closed
`when the driver’s seat belt is buckled;
`inhibiting the third oscillating unlock signal when at
`least one door of the vehicle is open by using a
`door ajar switch connected to the driver’s seat belt
`switch;
`outputting a pulsed warning signal when the third
`oscillating unlock signal is received;
`sounding an audible warning when the pulsed warn-
`ing signal is received;
`locking at least one door of the vehicle when the first
`lock signal is received;
`unlocking at least one door of the vehicle when the
`third oscillating unlock signal is output;
`
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`5,438,312
`
`7
`opening the reed switch when the driver’s seat belt is
`buckled and the reed switch is in close proximity to
`a vehicle ignition by way- of an electromagnet
`within an ignition switch of the vehicle connected
`to the driver’s seat belt switch;
`whereby at least one door of the vehicle is unlocked
`and the audible warning is sounded when a driver
`nnbuckles the driver’s seat belt and leaves the vehi-
`cle without depressing the lock button on the igni-
`tion key.
`9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the
`transmitted second oscillating unlock signal and the first
`lock signal are of radio frequency.
`
`8
`10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the
`sounding of the audible alarm occurs after a preset
`delay period.
`11. The method according to claim 8 wherein the
`audible alarm is a vehicle’s horn.
`12. The method according to claim 8 wherein the
`electronic circuit capable of outputting a first signal in
`response to a lock signal and a second signal in response
`to an unlock signal further comprises a latch, a set ter-
`minal of which is connected to the unlock button and a
`reset terminal is connected to the unlock button.
`13. The method according to claim 8 wherein the
`non-oscillating lock signal further comprises a constant
`lock signal generated by a. pulse generator.
`*
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