Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(6)
`
`part 21, and a process is carried out in which a unit
`fee is taken from this prepayment amount.
`Fig. 4(C) depicts operation of the prepayment
`amount update mode.
`In n30, a determination is made as to the locked
`state of the interlock A. If the interlock A is in a
`
`then the prepayment amount update
`locked state,
`mode is established. At this time, data are read from
`the pulse sensor 16 that also serves as the optical
`communications link. At this time, a fake finger is
`provided on the pulse sensor 16, and data correspond-
`ing to the paid prepayment amount is input to the
`diving watch main body 10 (n32). In addition, al-
`though not shown in the drawing, confirmation the-
`reof is carried out in n33 in order to check the pass
`code when the prepayment amount
`is input. The
`process advances to n34 and subsequent steps only if
`the pass code corresponds. In n34, the update mode is
`set to “1,” and the prepayment update process is car-
`ried out in n35. Next, the update mode is set to “0”
`(n36), and a condition is produced in which the pulse
`sensor 16 can detect pulse data (n37).
`In n7, if the risk evaluation value of the data that
`has been read from the ROM 19 is extremely high,
`the antenna 18 is driven, and an emergency signal is
`sent to the receiver of an aid boat or a buoy.
`As a result of the above operations, the insurance
`premium is determined in accordance with risk eval-
`uation values that change over time and are evaluated
`with a diving watch. Settlement of the change in in-
`surance premium can be carried out using a prepaid
`amount.
`
`Credit settlement may also be performed using a
`credit card, rather than settlement of the payment
`using a prepaid amount. Moreover, an electronic cur-
`rency transfer request may be produced and transmit-
`ted. Moreover, in this example of embodiment, an
`external sensor and internal sensor were used togeth-
`er, but either one of these may be used alone. Detec-
`tion of states contributing to risk and calculation of
`risk evaluation values by fuzzy logic were carried out
`in real time using an external sensor and internal sen-
`sor, but the risk evaluation values also may be deter-
`mined subsequently, or the change in insurance pre-
`mium may be calculated subsequently from the de-
`termined risk evaluation values. In addition, fiizzy
`logic was used as the means for determining risk
`evaluation values in this example of embodiment, but
`determination may be carried out without using fiizzy
`logic. Calculation may also be carried out using a
`common insurance table.
`
`Another example of embodiment of the inven-
`tion is described below.
`
`Fig. 5 is a configuration diagram of a device that
`employs an insurance premium determination system
`in a risk evaluation device installed in a vehicle (au-
`tomobile).
`In the figure, 30 denotes a doppler radar main
`body, which detects speed relative to an object using
`ultra-short-wave radio waves or 10 kHz-band FO
`
`waves. When ultrasound is used, it is possible to use
`waterways as propagation paths.
`This doppler main body 30 has a transmission
`part 31, a radiation and coupling part 32, and a re-
`ceiver 33. The transmission part 31 includes an oscil-
`lator with stabilized output. When the ultra-short-
`wave is to be used, the radiation and coupling part
`32, for example, is constituted by a directional anten-
`na for transmission and reception and a waveguide
`tube-type coupler. When air ultrasound is to be used,
`it is constituted by a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceram-
`ic element equipped with a reflector, and when water
`ultrasound is to be used, it is equipped with a Lange-
`vin-type piezoelectric ceramic element having a
`matcher. A tl1ree-coil transformer is used in combina-
`
`tion with each. Moreover, the receiving part 33 car-
`ries out homodyne wave detection using the ultra-
`weak transmission wave component 34 that leaks
`from the radiation and coupling part 32 as a local
`oscillation frequency, and also separates the doppler
`component. This transmission wave component 34 is
`the signal foo that is reflected towards the subjected to
`be monitored via the transmission medium. In addi-
`
`tion, the received waves 35 are reflected by the sub-
`jected to be monitored, thus producing a signal that
`has a doppler frequency shift, specifically foo + f, and
`foo + fx. Fig. 6 shows the spectrum of the transmitted
`and received waves.
`
`The doppler component 36 obtained as the wave
`detection, specifically, f}, and fx are output from the
`aforementioned doppler main body 30. f0 corresponds
`to the ground speed of the automobile (boat) reflected
`from a non-moving structure, and fx corresponds to
`the reflection from the frontward moving body. This
`signal is input to the signal preprocessing unit 37.
`This unit 37 separates the moving body speed com-
`ponent from the doppler radar output and obtains a
`speed signal and level signal (corresponding to the
`strength of the reflected wave). The output from the
`speed detector 38 is
`conducted to the signal
`processing unit 37 in order
`to carry out
`this
`processing.
`The
`
`-426-
`
`Page 000022
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(7)
`
`speed detector measures its own ground speed. For
`example, for an automobile,
`the speed detector is
`constituted by an encoder that is linked to the wheel
`axis, and for a boat, the detector is constituted by a
`[tugboat log] that is corrected for current speed. The
`output V0 of this speed detector 38 is conducted to
`the aforementioned signal preprocessing unit 37 and
`is also conducted to the system activation control part
`39. This system activation control part keeps the sys-
`tem in an operating state when the “self” speed V0
`exceeds a set value. Alternatively, a system may be
`used in which a signal from land is received when the
`moving body passes through a gateway, and the sys-
`tem is placed in an operational state.
`The speed signal 40 (PX) obtained from the
`aforementioned processing unit 37 and a difference
`signal 41 (Ex) corresponding to the strength of the
`reflected wave are output to the risk evaluation unit
`42. The risk evaluation unit 42 then performs real-
`time evaluation of the degree of risk during operation
`from the state signals of the automobile (boat) using a
`signal processing process including fuzzy logic. The
`state signal from the automobile (boat) includes the
`“self’ ground angle [sic] as V0 from the aforemen-
`tioned speed detector 38 along with the rotation rate
`detected by the main engine rotation rate detector 43.
`Moreover, in this example of embodiment, the detec-
`tion data from the control operation detection part 44
`is also used as a fiizzy input value. The control opera-
`tion detection part 44 detects clearly intentional oper-
`ations, for example, when there is a deviation in the
`rudder operation mechanism that is at or above a set
`value.
`
`The output of the risk evaluation unit 42 is out-
`put to the warning device 45 and monetary amount
`file part 46. The warning device 45 warns of the
`presence of risk using an alarm, voice, or vibration
`through operation of the risk evaluation unit 42. The
`monetary amount file part 46 has a memory that
`stores
`the prepayment balance. This monetary
`amount file part 46 erases, from the prepayment
`money balance, the insurance premium change cor-
`responding to the risk evaluation value output from
`the risk evaluation unit 42. This monetary amount file
`part 46 may also be constituted by a transmission-
`side currency on-line system. Moreover, by providing
`a data communications terminal, credit processing
`can also be carried out.
`
`In the above configuration, states in the operator
`or moving body used as the subject of risk evaluation
`
`which contribute to risk are respectively detected by
`the doppler radar main unit 30, the speed detector 38,
`the main engine rotation rate detector 43, and the
`control operation detection part 44. The risk evalua-
`tion unit 42 continually evaluates risk using fiizzy
`logic on fuzzy input values which are input as signals
`that express these risk contributing states. When the
`risk value exceeds a set value, a warning is sent by a
`warning device 45 to the operator. By using this type
`of configuration, it is possible to evaluate risk in ac-
`cordance with empirical evaluation of individuals
`without calculating absolute values for object dis-
`tance. Consequently, erroneous risk evaluation due to
`false signals will not occur. A configuration may also
`be used wherein only the moving state of the moving
`body is used as the input value for fiizzy logic. I11 this
`example of embodiment, because the control opera-
`tion density evaluation value of the moving body is
`also used as a fiizzy input, the results of fi1zzy logic
`are more accurate. In addition,
`in this example of
`embodiment, an insurance premium determination
`system is used in addition to risk evaluation, which
`allows risk evaluations that change from hour to hour
`during travel to be reflected in the insurance pre-
`mium.
`
`Fig. 7, etc., show a detailed configuration dia-
`gram for the main parts of the system shown in Fig.
`5.
`
`Fig. 7 is a concrete configuration diagram of the
`signal preprocessing unit 37.
`50 is a balance modulator which is constituted,
`for example, by a ring modulator. II1tegrated values
`for the signal waves of (f0, fx) and fv0 are output. Fig.
`8 shows the spectra of the respective signals in the
`signal processing part. In the figure,
`fx denotes the
`doppler component due to the frontward moving
`body. f0 denotes the doppler component due to a non-
`moving structure. In addition, fV0+fx is the upper band
`wave of fx. This signal is blocked by a channel band
`pass filter in accordance with the fV0 division range.
`f0-fV0 is the lower bandwidth frequency resulting from
`the difference relative to a false transmission wave.
`
`Under ideal measurement conditions, the signal is not
`generated unless there is slide or slip of wheels. By
`using this signal, it is possible to detect vehicle slid-
`ing or slip by means of phase comparison.
`51 is a variable frequency oscillator. This varia-
`ble frequency oscillator 51 takes the analog signal
`expressing the “self” ground speed V0 as an input
`
`-427-
`
`Page 000023
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(8)
`
`signal and outputs a linear-relationship frequency.
`For example, this component is constituted by an LC
`oscillator having a variable capacitance diode. More-
`over, when this signal representing the “self’ ground
`speed is a pulse rate analog signal, this variable fre-
`quency oscillator 51 may be constituted by a fre-
`quency multiplier. The frequency produced by this
`variable frequency oscillator 51 is conducted to the
`balance modulator 50.
`
`The output of the balance modulator 50 is output
`to a variable band pass filter 52, where it is subjected
`to filtering. The filter 52 may be constituted, for ex-
`ample, by a switched capacitor filter. fvo-fx is sepa-
`rated from fV0+fx, fvo-f0, and fv0+f0 and output. The
`filter can be constituted by a PLL wave detector. 53
`denotes a charmel selection part, which discretely
`selects the pass band of the variable band pass filter
`52 in accordance with the value range of the ground
`speed V0. 54 is an AM detector. This detector detects
`the analog signal representing the intensity of the fV0-
`fx signal wave amplitude component, specifically, the
`reflected wave from the frontward moving body, and
`outputs it to the risk evaluation unit 42 as PX. In addi-
`tion, 55 is an FM detector which outputs the analog
`signal representing fvo-fx, specifically,
`the ground
`speed of the frontward moving body, as E(fVo-fx). An
`operational amplifier 56 receives this signal and the
`analog signal V0 representing the “self” ground
`speed, extracts the analog signal E(x) representing
`the speed relative to the frontward moving body, and
`outputs it to the risk evaluation unit 42.
`Fig. 9 is a concrete configuration diagram of the
`risk evaluation unit 42. 60 denotes an integrator. This
`integrator 60 integrates the signal E(x) representing
`the relative speed of the moving body and calculates
`the approximate distance from the relative speed. An
`initializer 61 monitors the reflected wave level on the
`
`signal PX, and when this reflected wave level is at or
`below a set value, generates a reset signal to reset the
`integrator 60. 62 is a first fiizzy logic part. This first
`fiizzy logic part has a fimction whereby it carries out
`defiizzification subsequent
`to balancing the MIN-
`MAX outputs.
`Another integrator 63 integrates and smoothes
`the impulse waveform with the output from the con-
`trol operation detection part 44 defined in advance
`
`as an event signal. Subsequently, an operation fre-
`quency index is determined from the smoothed value.
`This value is output to the second fiizzy logic part 64
`as a fiizzy input value for risk evaluation. In addition,
`the ground speed signal V0 and main engine rotation
`rate are also input as fiizzy input values into the
`second fiizzy logic part 64. As a result, the second
`fiizzy logic part 64 infers the risk evaluation value
`related to “self” internal states. Moreover, the first
`fiizzy logic part 62 infers the risk evaluation value
`related to the frontward moving body.
`The output of the first fiizzy logic part 62 and the
`second fiizzy logic part 64 are conducted to a third
`fiizzy logic part 65 as fiizzy input values. The risk
`evaluation value resulting from a comprehensive de-
`termination carried out at this third fiizzy logic part
`65 is then output to the output controller 66, where
`the logical output level and the output in accordance
`with the hold time level are sent to the warning de-
`vice 45 and the monetary amount file 46.
`Fig. 10(A) to (E) show the respective language
`value membership fimctions of the fiizzy logic parts
`62, 64, and 65. (A) shows the input fimction of the
`first fiizzy logic 62, and (B) shows the output fimc-
`tion of the first fiizzy logic part 62 and the first input
`fimction of the third fiizzy logic part 65. By using
`these fimctions, risk evaluation values are obtained
`for the frontward moving body. (C) shows the input
`fimction for the second fiizzy logic part 64.
`(D)
`shows the output fimction of the second fiizzy logic
`part 64 and the second input fimction of the third
`fuzzy logic part 65. With these fimctions, risk evalua-
`tion values are obtained for the “self” internal state.
`
`(E) shows the output fimction of the third fiizzy logic
`part 65. With this fimction, risk evaluation values are
`obtained for the final overall determination.
`
`Fig. 11(A) to (C) show the rules for the respec-
`tive fiizzy logic parts. In the figure, “*” denotes that
`the consequent part is not present.
`As a result of the configuration of the example of
`embodiment described above, even if a pulse radar
`system is not used, it is possible to carry out risk
`evaluation by a cognition pathway involving empiri-
`cal evaluation, and when this evaluation value is at or
`above a set value, a warning can be sent to the opera-
`tor. Moreover, because of combination with an
`
`-428-
`
`Page 000024
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(9)
`
`insurance premium determination system, it is possi-
`ble to make settlements by erasing the amount of the
`insurance premium change in accordance with risk
`that varies hourly. Consequently, a fairer insurance
`system can be constructed in contrast to conventional
`casualty insurance clerical work.
`(g) EFFECT OF TI-[E INVENTION
`In accordance with the risk evaluation device of
`
`the invention, it is possible to include empirical eval-
`uations in risk evaluations carried out using fuzzy
`logic, and thus risk evaluation values can be expected
`to be more accurate, because they are not susceptible
`to external noise and the like. In this case, when a
`risk evaluation device was used in the moving body,
`because it is not necessary to use a pulse radar system
`as in the past, circuitry is not complicated, and the
`system is not influenced by multiple reflected trans-
`mission pathways. For this reason, safety devices can
`be configured that can provide more accurate warn-
`ings. The accuracy can be fiirther improved by de-
`tecting control operation density evaluation values hi
`the moving body as well as the moving state of the
`moving body. Moreover, when the evaluated risk
`level is at or below a set value, no warning is pro-
`vided, and the influence of noise can be fiirther de-
`creased. In addition, sporadic warnings that allow
`immediate recurrence can also be avoided. Moreover,
`by using the risk evaluation device employing a risk
`evaluation part that operates by fuzzy logic together
`with an insurance premium determination system,
`change in insurance premiums in accordance with
`continually varying risk evaluation values can be
`settled in real time, thereby allowing insurance to be
`more equitable. Because the insurance premium dif-
`ference can be settled by payment or credit, conven-
`tional systems involving prepaid cards or credit cards
`can be utilized without modification, thus facilitating
`use.
`
`In the invention, by using a risk evaluation de-
`vice that has a risk evaluation means that evaluates
`
`risk along with a means for determining changes in
`insurance premiums, insurance premiums can be de-
`termined in accordance with the degree of risk ir1
`subjects of risk evaluation which changes over time.
`
`The invention thus has the advantage of being a more
`equitable insurance system.
`I11 this case,
`the risk
`evaluation means need not contain an evaluation part
`that operates by fiizzy logic. The insurance premium
`determination system allows the use of conventional
`prepaid card and credit card systems without modifi-
`cation, as mentioned above, and a system that is easy
`to use can be constructed with a simple configuration.
`4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of the insurance
`premium determination system of an example of em-
`bodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is an external dia-
`gram of a diving watch for a case in which the insur-
`ance premium determination system is used in com-
`bination with a diving watch. Fig. 3 is a configuration
`diagram of the diving watch. Fig. 4(A) to (C) are
`flow charts depicting operation of the diving watch.
`Fig. 5 shows a second example of embodiment of the
`invention and shows a configuration diagram for a
`case in which the risk evaluation device and the in-
`
`surance premium determination system are used in
`combination. Fig. 6 shows the spectra of the trans-
`mission wave and receiving wave in this example of
`embodiment. Fig. 7 is a configuration example of the
`signal preprocessing unit. Fig. 8 shows the spectrum
`in the signal preprocessing unit. Fig. 9 is a configura-
`tion diagram of the risk evaluation unit. Fig. 10(A) to
`(E) are diagrams showing the membership fimctions
`used in the fiizzy logic parts of the risk evaluation
`unit. Fig. 11(A) to (C) are diagrams showing the
`fi1zzy rules.
`
`1 — External sensor, 2 — Internal sensor,
`3 — Fuzzy logic part, 4 — Fuzzy memory
`6 — Monetary amount calculation part
`7 — Output interface part
`8 — Monetary amount file part
`
`Applicant:
`Agent:
`
`Ornron Corp.
`Patent Attorney, Hisao KOMORI
`
`-429-
`
`Page 000025
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(10)
`
`Fig. 1
`
`(B)
`
`Fig. 4
`
`(C)
`
`
`
`
`
`(I130)
`(Interlock A)
`= Locked
`
`(rm)
`Pns/PGM-—' PGM'
`
`
`
`N
`
`N
`
`
`
`(U20)
`
`(Interlock A)
`= Unlocked
`
`
`(B2 1)
`
`(Interlock B)
`= Unlocked
`V
`
`,__.—VT
`(1122)
`Time count up =
`r.1..
`V
`
`(023)
`(Counter) + 1
`—> Counter
`
`(024)
`Time count up
`(_ “O”
`
`
`
`(1125)
`(Counter)
`= «FUU.
`
`(n2?)
`Unit Fee Erased
`
`
`
`-430-
`
`(-=32")
`PRS/PGM read out
`
`
`
`
`(H34)
`Uudate mode <— “1”
`
`(I135)
`Prepayment amount updale
`
`
`
`
`
`(H36)
`Undate mode <— “O”
`
`
`
`(rm)
`F-R5/96M-' 995'
`
`Page 000026
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-182868
`(11)
`
`
`
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`foo+ fx
`Transmitted wave and received wave spectrum
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`fl,0+fo: Reflected wave from non-moving structure
`fl,0+fx: Reflected wave from frontward moving body
`
`431-
`
`Page 000027
`
`

`
`Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication H4-1 82 868
`(12)
`
`Fig. 7
`
`
`
`\,
`0 fo-fvo fvtrfx
`
`fvb
`
`fo
`
`Spectra in the signal processor
`fx: Doppler component due to the frontward moving body
`fb: Doppler component due to a non-moving structure
`fvo+fx: Upper band wave of fx; Blocked by the channel band pass filter in accordance with the fvo division range.
`fl,-fvo: Lower bandwidth frequency resulting from the difference relative to a false transmission wave; Under ideal mea-
`surement conditions, not produced unless there is slide or slip of wheels.
`
`Fig. 9
`
`
`
`432-
`
`Page 000028