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`The
`‘
`_
`Ame_2r1can _
`Her1tage® D1ct1onary
`of the English Language
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`FOURTH EDITSON
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`" HOUGHTON MEFFLIN COMPANY
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`Ra Boston NewYork
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`SDZ5499 0005900
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`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
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`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of commondaw trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
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`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in~PubIication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English ianguage.~—4th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0—395-82517~2 (hardcover) —- ISBN O-618~08230—l
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language——Dicti0naries
`PEl628 .A623 2000
`423~dc2l
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`00-025369
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`ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
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`Pupa
`of a monarch butterfly
`
`Synonyms pure, absolute, sheer, simple, unadulterated These adjectives
`mean free of extraneous elements: pure gold; absolute oxygen; sheer alco-
`hol; a simple substance; zmadulterated coffee.
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`form composition; not mixed: pure oxygen. 2. Free from adulterants or
`puopa (pyo‘o’pa) 11., pl. -pae (—pe) or -pas The tionfeeding stage be-
`tween the larva and adult in the metamorphosis of holornetabolous in-
`impurities: pure chocolate. 3. Free of dirt. clefilement, or pollution: “A
`memory without blot or contamination must be .
`.
`. an inexhaustible source
`sects, during which the larva typically undergoes complete transforma-
`of pure refreshment” (Charlotte Bronte). 4. Free of foreign elements. 5.
`tion within a protective cocoon or hardened case. [Latin pfrpa, girl, doll.)
`--pulpal adj.
`Containing nothing inappropriate or extraneous: a pure literary style. 6.
`Complete; utter: pure folly. 7. Having no faults; sinless: “I felt pure and
`1. To
`-pate.-3
`im‘r.v. ~pat-ed, -pat-ing,
`puepate (py®'pat’)
`sweet as :1 new baby” (Sylvia Plath). 8. Chaste; virgin. 9. Of unmixed
`become a pupa. 2. To go through a pupal stage. ——pu0pa/tion n.
`blood or ancestry. 10. Genetics Produced by self-fertilization or contin—
`pup-fish ipfipllish’) n., pl. pupfish or -fishves Any of various
`ual inbreeding; homozygous: a pure line. 11. Music Free from discordant
`small killfishes of the genus Cyprinodon, inhabiting desert springs and
`streams of Mexico and the southwest United States.
`qualities: pure tones. 12. Linguistics Articulated with a single unchanging
`speech sound; monophthongal: a pure vowel. 13. Theoretical: pure sci»
`plflpil‘ (pycfiilpal) n. 1. A student under the direct supervision of a
`circa. 14. Philosophy Free of empirical elements: pure reason. [Middle
`teacher or professor. 2. Law A minor under the supervision of a guard-
`English par, from Old French, from Latin pfirus. See peua- in Appendix
`ian. [Middle English pupille, orphan, from Old French, from Latin papil-
`1.] —~pure’ly adv. —pure/ness n.
`lus, diminutive of pfipus, boy.)
`pu'piI2 (pytfolpal) n. The apparently black circular opening in the
`center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina.
`[Middle English, from Old French pupille, from Latin piipilla, little doll,
`pupil of the eye (from the tiny image reflected in it). See PU?lI.‘.l ——pu/-
`pi-tar adj.
`pu-pilcage also pu-pilolage (pyrfolpa-lij) n. The state or period of
`being a pupil.
`pu-pil-iar-y‘ (pyo“o’pa—ler’é) adj. Of or relating to a student or
`ward.
`puepil-lar-yz (pyoo/pa—ler’e) adj. Of or affecting the pupil of the
`eye.
`adj. Producing welhdeveloped
`puepipoaerous (pyo’o~pip’ar-as)
`young that are ready to pupate. Used of an insect.
`pup-pet (pfiplit) 71. 1. A small figure of a person or animal, having
`a cloth body and hollow head, designed to be fitted over and manipulated
`by the hand. 2. A figure having jointed parts animated from above by
`strings or wires; a rnariouette. 3. A toy representing a human figure; a
`doll. 4. One whose behavior is determined by the will of others: a polit~
`ical puppet. [Middle English poppet, doll, possibly from Anglo—Norman
`poppe, doll. See PUPPY.]
`pup-petveer (pt“ip’i-tirf) n. One who entertains with and operates
`puppets or marionettes.
`puptipetvry (pup’i—tré) n., pl. «ries 1. The art of making puppets
`and presenting puppet shows. 2. The actions of puppets. 3. A stilted or
`artificial dramatic performance.
`Pup-pis (pup/is) rt. A constellation in the Southern Hemisphere near
`Canis Major and Pyxis. [Latin puppis, stern, poop.)
`pupopy (pfiplé)
`fI., pl. -pies A young dog; a pup. [Middle English
`popi, small pet dog, perhaps from AngloANorman poppe, doll, from
`Vulgar Latin *puppa, from Latin papa, girl, doll.]
`pupopyoish (pfip/é-ish) adj. Resembling or characteristic of a puppy.
`puppy love n. Adolescent love or infatuation.
`pup tent :1. See shelter tent.
`Puora-cé (po”or’9-sé’, po“o—réi-se/) A volcano, 4,758 m (15,600 ft)
`high, in the Andes of southwest Colombia. it erupted in 1827 and again
`on May 26, 1949.
`Pu-raena (po”o-rams) :1. Any of a class of Sanskrit encyclopedic texts
`containing cosmogonic histories, legends of gods and heroes, and other
`traditional material. [Sanskrit pimiziam, from neut. of pzmirzav, old, pre-
`historic, from para, of old, formerly. See per‘ in Appendix 1.]
`pureblind (pur/blind’) adj. 1. Having poor vision; nearly or partly
`blind. 2. Slow in understanding or discernment; dull: “a purblind oligar~
`clay thatflatly refused to see that history was condemning it to the dustbin”
`(lasper Griffin). 3. Obsolete Completely blind. [Middle English pur
`blind, totally blind, nearsighted : par, pure; see PURE + blind, blind; see
`BLlND.] ——pur'blind’|y adv. ——pur'b|ind’ness n.
`Pur-cell (pfirlsal, pfir-sél/), Henry 1659?-I695. English composer
`and the leading musical figure of the baroque style in England.
`purcchas-a-hie (pfir’chi—s9—bal) adj. 1. That can be bought: pur—
`cliasable goods. 2. Capable of being bribed; venal: a purclzasable senator.
`—pur’chas-a-bil/i-ty H.
`pur-chase (pfirlchis)
`tr.v. -chased, -chas-Eng, -chas-es 1. To
`obtain in exchange for money or its equivalent; buy. 2. To acquire by
`effort; earn. 3. To move or hold with a mechanical device, such as a lever
`or wrench.
`*:-
`r1. 1a. The act or an instance of buying. b. Something
`bought. C. Acquisition through the payment of money or its equivalent.
`2. A grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or pre
`vent it from slipping. 3. A device, such as a tackle or lever, used to obtain
`mechanical advantage. 4. A position, as of a lever or ones feet, affording
`means to move or secure a weight. 5a. A means of increasing power or
`influence. b. An advantage that is used in exerting one’s power. [Middle
`English purchaseri, to pursue, purchase, from Old French purchacier :
`pur—, forth (from Latin pro-; see per‘ in Appendix I) + cliacier, to chase;
`see ci—iAse‘.] ——pur/chas-er n.
`purochasving power (pr‘.ir’chi—sing) n. 1. The ability to purchase,
`generally measured by income. 2. The value of a particular monetary
`unit in terms of the goods or services that can be purchased with it.
`pur-dah (pfir’da) 71. 1a. A curtain or screen, used mainly in India to
`keep women separate from men or strangers. b. The Hindu or Muslim
`system of sex segregation, practiced especially by keeping women in se-
`clusion. 2. Social seclusion: “Never have artists been more separate: their
`inordinate fame, wealth, drug use have driven them into luxurious purclalz”
`(D. Keith Mano). [Urdu pardah, veil, from Persian, from Middle Persian
`pardak, from Old Persian *paridaka—, from przri-dd-, to place over 2 pari,
`around, over; see per‘ in Appendixl + da—, to place; see dhé- in Appen-
`dix 1.}
`pure (pyoor) adj. pureer, pur-est 1. Having a homogeneous or uni-
`
`pure-blood (pyo'or’blud’) also pure-blood-ed (~bltid'id) adj. Of
`unmixed ancestry; purebred. ——pure’blood’ :1.
`pure-bred (pydorlbrédl) adj. Of or belonging to a recognized strain
`established by breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many gen-
`erations. ‘? n. (pyo‘or'bred’) A purebred animal.
`pure democracy n. A democracy in which the power to govern lies
`directly in the hands of the people rather than being exercised through
`their representatives.
`tr.v. -réed, -réeoing, »rées
`pu-rée or pu-ree (pyo'o—rz'i', pyo'or'5.)
`or -reed, -ree-ing, -rees To rub through a strainer or process (food)
`in a blender. -:- rz. Food prepared by straining or blending. [From French,
`puree, from Old French, from feminine past participle of purer, to strain,
`clean, from Latin pflrfire, to purify, from paras, clean. See peua~ in zip»
`pendix 1.]
`pur-fle (pfirlfal) tr.v. ~fled, -fling, ~fles To finish or decorate the
`border or edge of.
`»:~ rz. also puflfling (—fling) An ornamental border
`or edging. [Middle English purfilen, from Old French porfiler, from
`Vulgar Latin *prz‘ifr”lr"ire : Latin pro-, forth; see PROJ + Latin filum, thread;
`see g‘”hi- in Appendix 1.]
`rt. The act of purging or purifying.
`pur-ga-tion (pfir-g‘<'i’Sl191])
`pur-ga-tive (ptir/gs—tiv) adj. Tending to cleanse or purge, especially
`causing evacuation of the bowels.
`-:~ n. A purgative agent or medicine;
`a cathartic.
`Pur-ga-toire (put/gs-twar’, «tor’é, —tor’é) A river, about 299 lam
`(186 mi) long, of southeast Colorado flowing northeast to the Arkansas
`River.
`pur-ga-to-ri-al (pfir’ga—t<“>r’éval, ~t<‘>r’~) adj. 1. Serving to purify
`of sin; expiatory. 2. Of, relating to, or resembling purgatory.
`pu!‘°ga°‘t0°ry(pf1r’ga~tér’é, —tor'e) n., pl. -ries 1. R0l7lr1l‘1C(l!l10liC
`Clzurclr A state in which the souls of those who have died in grace must
`expiate their sins. 2. A place or condition of suffering, expiation, or re-
`morse: a purgatory of drug abuse. 4- adj. Tending to cleanse or purge.
`[Middle English purgamrie, from Old French purgatoire, from Medieval
`Latin pflrgatorizrrrz, from Late Latin, means of purgation, from neuter of
`piirgfitorius, cleansing, from Latin pzirgfzre, to cleanse. See l’URGl3.[
`purge (purj)
`v. purged, purg-ing, purg-es —h'. 13. To free from
`impurities; purify. b. To remove (impurities and other elements) by of
`as if by cleansing. 2. To rid of sin, guilt, or defilcment. 3. Law To clear
`(a person) of a charge or an imputation. Often used with respect to con:
`tempt of court. 4a. To rid (a nation or political party, for example) 01’
`people considered undesirable. b. To get rid of (people considered un»
`desirable). See synonyms at eliminate. 5. Medicine a. To cause evacu-
`ation of (the bowels). b. To induce evacuation of the bowels in (an in-
`dividual). -intr. 1. To become pure or clean. 2. Medicine To undergo
`or cause an emptying of the bowels.
`'1' n. 1. The act or process of pull!’
`ing. 2. Something that purges, especially a medicinal purgative. {Middle
`English purgeri, from Old French purgier, from Latin pfirgdre, from
`paras, pure. See peua- in Appendix I.) —purg’er n.
`‘
`pu-ri (po“or’e) n. Variant of poori.
`pu-riofiocaetion (pyo“0r’a«fi—ka'shan) n. The act or an instance of
`cleansing or purifying.
`pu°ri°fi°Ca°1:0I’(py<Yor's—fi—ka’tsr) r1. Ecclesiastical Aclotliuséillil
`clean the chalice after the celebration of the Eucharist.
`, _
`‘
`pucriefy (pyo"orla-fi’)
`v. -fled, -fy°ing, -fies —-»tr. 1. TO rid Ollm‘,
`purities; cleanse. 2. To rid of foreign or objectionable elements. 3. T0 ~
`free from sin, guilt, or other defilemcnt.
`-—-intr. To become clean ?1’ K
`pure. [Middle English purifien, from Old French purifier, from Laltin
`ptirificare 2 prints, clean; see PURE + -ficzire, -ly.) -—-pu-ri‘l"I'C3‘t° ry ‘
`(pyo“o-rif/i-ka-tor’é, —tor'€.) adj. -—pu’rivfi’er n.
`bsefléil T
`{>34;vs:»n*1to C‘‘< "F»-4EEl3
`Pu-rim (poor/im, po"o—rém’)
`rt. Judaism The 14th of Adar, 0
`in celebration of the deliverance of the Jews from m
`,
`rs .~:3‘
`[Hebrew pfirim, pl. of pfir, lot (from the lots Haman cast to dead p
`day of the massacre, Esther 9:24~26), from Akkadian pi’/ru, lot.l ‘ b
`pu-rine (pyo"or’en’l
`21. 1. A double~ringed, crystalline Ofgamc {W
`C5I'I4N,,, not known to occur naturally, from which is derived tlifi? Pléfig 7
`gen bases adenine and guanine, as well as uric acid as a metabo lfedm
`product. 2. Any of a group of organic compounds structura1lY ‘ii? 3
`purine, particularly adenine and guanine, and also caffeine. 9”‘ 1,1.
`theobromine, and theophylline. [German Purin : blend of Lam’ (2
`clean; see PURE, and New Latin firicus, uric (from Greek auror-3 “fl
`~
`—in, -in, -ine.]
`I
`pur-ism (pyo'orI’iz’am) n. 1. Strict observance of orinsist
`ditional correctness, especially of language: “Bypurism I5 I0
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