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`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`District of Minnesota
`Criminal No. 23-160 (NEB/JFD)
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`The United States of America, by its attorneys, Andrew M. Luger, United
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`Plaintiff,
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`v.
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`DANTRELL JOHNSON (2),
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`Defendants
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`GOVERNMENT’S
`RESPONSE IN
`OPPOSITION TO FEDERAL
`DEFENDANT RETURNING
`TO THE CUSTODY OF THE
`MINNESOTA
`DEPARTMENT OF
`CORRECTIONS
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`States Attorney for the District of Minnesota, Justin A. Wesley and Samantha
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`H. Bates, Assistant United States Attorneys, and Brian W. Lynch, Trial
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`Attorney, United States Department of Justice Organized Crime & Gang
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`Section, respectfully move this Court to deny the defendant’s motion to return
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`to state custody.1
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`APPLICABLE LAW
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`A defendant is bound by federal law when they are charged in federal
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`court and making a request to return to state custody. As Chief Justice Taft
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`originally stated in Ponzi v. Fessnden:
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`One accused of crime has a right to a full and fair trial according
`to the law of the government whose sovereignty he is alleged to
`have offended, but he has no more than that. He should not be
`permitted to use the machinery of one sovereignty to obstruct his
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`1 DCD 308, 311.
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`1
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`trial in the courts of the other, unless the necessary operation of
`such machinery prevents his having a fair trial. He may not
`complain
`if one sovereignty waives
`its strict right
`to
`exclusive custody of him for vindication of its laws in order that
`the other may also subject him to conviction of crime against it. In
`re Andrews, (D.C.) 236 F. 300; United States v. Marrin, (D.C.) 227
`F. 314. Such a waiver is a matter that addresses itself solely to the
`discretion of the sovereignty making it and of its representatives
`with power to grant it.2
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`The defendant in this case was placed in temporary federal custody until the
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`completion of federal criminal proceedings due to a writ of habeas corpus ad
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`prosequendum filed in this case, and the defendant is without standing to
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`contest the issuance of such a writ.3
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`The defendant’s custody status is therefore subject to the Bail Reform
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`Act.4 For defendants pending trial, “a judicial officer…shall order that such
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`person be released or detained, pending judicial proceedings, under this
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`chapter.”5 There is a rebuttable presumption in this case that no condition or
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`combination of conditions will reasonably assure the safety of any other person
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`and the community.6 The factors to be considered are:
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`1) the nature and circumstances of the offense charged, including whether
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`the offense is a crime of violence or involves a controlled substance offense
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`or firearm;
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`2 Derengowski, 377 F.2d at 224 (citing 258 U.S. 254, 260 (1922).
`3 45 (Johnson); Derengowski v. U.S. Marshal, Minneapolis Office, Minn.
`Division, 377 F.2d 223, 223-24 (8th Cir. 1967).
`4 18 U.S.C. §§ 3141, et seq.
`5 18 U.S.C. § 3141(a).
`6 18 U.S.C. §§ 3142(e)(2) and (3)(B).
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`2
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`2) the weight of the evidence against the person;
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`3) the history and characteristics of the person; and
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`4) the nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community
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`that would be posed by the defendant’s release.
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`18 U.S.C. § 3142(g). Notably, there is no direction in the Bail Reform Act for the
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`Court to consider the state custody status of the defendant.
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`ARGUMENT
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`A. The Bail Reform Act
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`The defendant’s motion to be returned to state custody should be denied.
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`To establish the first and second factors, the United States will be offering video
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`footage of the brutal murder of an innocent civilian committed by the defendant
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`and five of his accomplices, described in overt act 60 of the Indictment.7 The
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`United States will also be offering the defendant’s state court plea transcript
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`where he admits he was guilty of this murder for the benefit of a gang (the
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`Highs). Additionally, the United States will be offering video of the shooting
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`described in overt act 59 in the Indictment, which was committed hours before
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`the murder by the defendant and an accomplice.8 The first and second factors
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`overwhelmingly weigh in favor of detention.
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`To establish the third factor, the United States will be relying on the
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`7 Three of the accomplices are charged in this Indictment. The other two are
`juveniles.
`8 The accomplice in this shooting is Gregory Hamilton, one of the charged
`defendants related to the murder as well.
`3
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`defendant’s criminal history as detailed in his bond report. This factor also
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`weighs in favor of detention.
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`Regarding the fourth factor, the United States could not find any binding
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`case law to determine whether the defendant’s state custody status is relevant.
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`At least one 8th Circuit magistrate judge has determined that a federal
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`defendant’s inevitable return to state custody upon the conclusion of a writ is
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`“largely irrelevant” to the Bail Reform Act.9 Adopting a contrary position “would
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`effectively mandate pretrial release from federal custody for any defendant
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`appearing on a Writ.”10 Furthermore, “Congress could have specified, for
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`example, that the fact a defendant would be returned to another jurisdiction’s
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`custody is a factor weighing in favor of releasing that defendant from federal
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`custody.”11
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`Even if the defendant’s custody status is found to be relevant to the fourth
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`factor, the United States intends to offer evidence that the defendant has been
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`disciplined while in state custody for possessing pills and a white powdery
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`substance on March 26, 2023, and for a fight on February 23, 2017. Because the
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`defendant is charged with a federal offense, he should remain in federal custody
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`under the care of the Attorney General.
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`Therefore, detention is appropriate under the Bail Reform Act.
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`9 United States v. Dimmick, 82 F.Supp.3d 866, 870 (N.D. Iowa, Central Division
`2015).
`10 Id.
`11 Id.
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`4
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`B. The Defendant’s Argument
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`The defendant essentially argues he should be allowed to return to state
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`custody because he is serving a state court sentence.12 The defendant cites no
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`law or authority in his motion. The defendant does not even address the Bail
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`Reform Act. The defendant’s state custody status has no relevance to the nature
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`or circumstances of the offense charged, the weight of the evidence against him,
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`or his history and characteristics. Even if it had some bearing on the fourth
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`factor, the evidence and information before the Court inextricably points to a
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`finding of detention.
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`The defendant essentially requests the Court to ignore the factors the Bail
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`Reform Act mandates the Court to consider in determining whether detention
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`is appropriate. The defendant does not even lay out a clear path for the Court
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`to navigate the Bail Reform Act and return the defendant to the Minnesota
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`Department of Corrections. Therefore, his motion should be denied.
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`Finally, the defendant’s argument about receiving GED programming
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`were he to return to state custody
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`is
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`likely not the “temporary
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`release…necessary for preparation of the person’s defense or for another
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`compelling reason” contemplated by the Bail Reform Act.13
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`12 DCD 308 at 2 (the defendant “will remain in the custody of the Minnesota
`Department of Corrections until January 3, 2045.”)
`13 18 U.S.C. § 3142(i).
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`5
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`CONCLUSION
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`Because there are no conditions or combination of conditions that will
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`reasonably assure the appearance of the person as required and the safety of
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`the community, the defendant should be detained. The defendant should
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`therefore be committed to the custody of the Attorney General and kept
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`separate from persons awaiting or serving sentences. Because there are no other
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`compelling reasons to temporarily return the defendant to state custody, the
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`defendant’s motion should be denied.
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`ANDREW M. LUGER
`United States Attorney
`/s Justin A. Wesley
`BY: JUSTIN A. WESLEY
`Assistant U.S. Attorney
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`6
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