Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19953 Filed 06/21/24 Page 1 of 30
`
`Exhibit A
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19954 Filed 06/21/24 Page 2 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000075
`
`U 8119540
`
`TOALL,TO
`UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`
`United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`June 14, 2021
`
`THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ANNEXED HERETO IS A TRUE COPY FROM
`
`THE RECORDS OF THIS OFFICE OF:
`
`U.S. PATENT: 10,833,908
`ISSUE DATE: November 10, 2020
`
`By Authority of the
`Under Secretary of Commerce--f°r Intellectual Property
`and Director of the United States ffatent and Trademark Office
`
`s vp, o I rV
`
`Certif~g Officer
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19955 Filed 06/21/24 Page 3 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000076
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Li et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.: US 10,833,908 B2
`(45) Date of Patent: *Nov. 10, 2020
`
`US010833908B2
`
`Field of Classification Search
`CPC ..... H04L 12/26; H04L 5/0007; H04L 5/0028;
`H04L 25/03834; H04L 27/0008; H04L
`27/0012
`
`(Continued)
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`(54) CHANNEL PROBING SIGNAL FOR A
`BROADBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`(58)
`
`(71) Applicant: NEO WIRELESS LLC, Wayne, PA
`(us)
`
`(72) Inventors: Xiaodong Li, KirMand, WA (uS);
`Titus Lo, Bellevue, WA (uS); Kemin
`Li, Bellevue, WA (US); llaiming
`lluang, Bellevue, WA (uS)
`
`(73) Assignee: NEO WIRELESS LLC, Wayne, PA
`(us)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofth~s
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`CN
`CN
`
`5,825,807 A 10/1998 Kum~
`*
`5,828,650 A * 10/1998 Malkamald ........... HINIL 5/0007
`370/203
`
`(Continued)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4/2003
`1407745
`1445949
`10/2003
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.: 16/902,740
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 16, 2020
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2020/03!3948 A1 Oct. 1, 2020
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63)
`
`Continuation of application No. 15/953,950, filed on
`Apr. 16, 2018, now Pat. No. 10,771,302, which is a
`(Continued)
`
`(51)
`
`Int. C1.
`HO4L 12/26
`H04L 27/26
`
`(52)
`
`U.S. C1.
`CPC .........
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(Continued)
`
`HO4L 27/2626 (2013.01); HO4B 1/707
`
`(2013.01); HO4B 1/711 (2013.01);
`
`(Continued)
`
`European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Digital Video
`Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modu-
`lation for digital terrestrial television, ETSI EN 300 744 V1.5.1
`(Jun. 2004).
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner -- Dmitry Levitan
`(74) Altorney, Agent, or Firm -- Volpe Koenig
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`In a broadband wireless communication system, a spread
`spectrum signal is intentionally overlapped with an OFDM
`signal, in a time domain, a frequency domain, or both. The
`OFDM signal, which inherently has a high spectral effi-
`ciency, is used for carrying broadband data or control
`information. The spread spectrum signal, which is designed
`to have a high spread gain for overcoming severe interfer-
`ence, is used for facilitating system functions such as initial
`random access, channel probing, or short messaging. Meth-
`ods and techniques are devised to ensure that the mutual
`interference between the overlapped signals is minimized to
`(Continued)
`
`Mulff-Csrder Transmitter Signal Processing
`
`il nee
`S~al to
`Parallel
`(S/P)
`
`—
`
`nanan
`
`Add
`
`Parallel
`to Serial
`
`L—pi —
`cyclic
`prefix
`cnet ncenee nnnnnannnenenae
`Siss
`xj.____.|Pulse-
`shaping
`
`|
`
`ott)
`
`spreading
`
`attenu~r
`
`Spread Spectrum Transmitter Signal Pro~ss ng
`
`t
`
`:
`
`1
`
`:
`
`eco
`
`- 81
`
`~
`
`S(t)~
`
`s(t)
`
`Ge
`
`a30
`BIA
`
`820
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`wee
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19956 Filed 06/21/24 Page 4 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000077
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`Page 2
`
`have insignificant impact on either signal and that both
`signals are detectable with expected performance by a
`receiver.
`
`30 Claims, 18 Drawing Sheets
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`continuation of application No. 14/321,615, fried on
`Jul. 1, 2014, now Pat. No. 9,948,488, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/861,942, filed on
`Apr. 12, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,767,522, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/347,644, filed on
`Jan. 10, 2012, now Pat. No. 8,428,009, which is a
`continuation of application No. 12/975,226, filed on
`Dec. 21, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,094,611, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/583,229, filed as
`application No. PCTAJS2005/003518 on Jan. 27,
`2005, now Pat. No. 7,864,725.
`
`(60)
`
`Provisional application No. 60/540,586, filed on Jan.
`30, 2004, provisional application No. 60/540,032,
`filed on Jan. 29, 2004.
`
`(51) Int. C1.
`HO4L 5/00
`HO4L 25/03
`HO4L 2 7/00
`HO4B 1/707
`H04B 1/711
`HO4L 25/02
`(52) U.S. CI.
`CPC .......... H04L 5/0007 (2013.01); H04L 5/0028
`(2013.01); HO4L 25/03834 (2013.01); H04~
`27/0008 (2013.01); HO4L 27/0012 (2013.01);
`H04I, 27/2602 (2013.01); H04I, 27/2647
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2011.01)
`(2011.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`(2013.01); HO4L 5/0026 (2013.01); HO4L
`25/0228 (2013.01); HO4L 27/2607 (2013.01);
`HO4L 27/2655 (2013.01)
`Field of Classification Search
`USPC ........ 370/241,252, 310, 328, 330, 464, 532
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`5,867,478 A
`5,909,436 A
`6,141,546 A
`6,175,550 B1 *
`
`6,434,364 B1
`6,480,558 B1
`6,515,960 BI
`6,567,383 B1 *
`
`6,643,281 B1
`6,731,673 B1
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`6,847,678 B2
`6,922,388 BI *
`
`2/1999 Baum et al.
`6/1999 Engstrom et al.
`10/2000 Thomas
`1/2001 van Nee ............... H04L 1/0002
`370/206
`
`8/2002 O’Riordain
`11/2002 Ottosson et al.
`2/2003 Usui et al.
`5/2003 Bohnke ................... H04L 5/005
`370/280
`
`11/2003 Ryan
`5/2004 Kotov et al.
`5/2004 Moon et al.
`8/2004 Ling et al.
`1/2005 Berezdivin et al.
`7/2005 Laroia ................... H04J 3/0682
`370/208
`
`6,940,827 B2
`7,035,663 B1
`7,039,001 B2
`7,062,002 BI
`
`9/2005 Li et al.
`4/2006 Linebarger et al.
`5/2006 Krishnan et al.
`6/2006 Michel et al.
`
`7,123,934 B1
`7,149,239 B2
`7,161,985 B2
`7,161,987 B2
`7,218,666 B2
`7,260,054 B2
`7,274,652 B1
`7,3171931 B2
`7,342,974 B2
`7,386,055 B2
`7,403,556 B2
`7,411,897 B2 *
`
`10/2006 Linebarger et al.
`12/2006 Hudson
`1/2007 Dostert et al.
`1/2007 Webster et al.
`5/2007 Battm et al.
`8/2007 Olszewski
`9/2007 Webster et al.
`1/2008 Guo
`3/2008 Chiou
`6/2008 Morita et al.
`7/2008 Kao et al.
`8/2008 Yoo ..................... H04L 27/2605
`370/208
`
`7,418,042 B2 8/2008 Choi et al.
`7,443,829 B2 10/2008 Rizvi et al.
`7,471,667 B2 * 12/2008 Hirsch .................. H04L 5/1453
`370/312
`
`7,548,506 B2
`7,555,268 B2
`7,567,624 B1
`7,646,747 B2
`7,693,032 B2
`7,724,720 B2
`7,738,437 B2
`7,864,725 B2
`7,873,009 B2
`7,907,592 B2
`8,009,660 B2
`8,089,887 B2
`8,094,611 B2
`8,102,832 B2
`8,363,691 B2
`8,428,009 B2
`8,432,891 B2
`8,767,522 B2
`2001/0021182 A1
`2002/0141483 A1
`2002/0159422 AI
`2003/0072255 AI
`2003/0081538 A1
`2003/0179776 A1
`2004/0085946 A1
`2004/0171357 A1
`2004/0264600 A1
`2005/0111397 A1
`2006/0114815 A1
`2006/0245409 A1
`2008/0304551 A1
`2011/0211617 AI
`2011/0299474 AI
`2012/0106513 A1
`2013/0242937 A1
`
`6/2009 Ma et al.
`6!2009 Trachewsky et al.
`7/2009 Schmidl et al.
`1/2010 Atarashi et al.
`4/2010 Li et al.
`5/2010 Korpela et al.
`6/2010 Ma et al.
`1/2011 Li et al.
`1/2011 Larsson et al.
`3/2011 Han et al.
`8/2011 Li et al.
`1/2012 Lippman et al.
`1/2012 Li et al.
`1/2012 Agrawal et al.
`1/2013 Hasegawa et al.
`4/2013 Li et al.
`4/2013 Li et al.
`7/2014 Li et al.
`9/2001 Wakutsu
`10/2002 Doetsch et al.
`10/2002 Li et al.
`4/2003 Ma et al.
`5/2003 Walton et al.
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`11/2006 Korpela
`12/2008 Li et al.
`9/2011 Li et al.
`12/2011 Li et al.
`5/2012 Li et al.
`9/2013 Li et al.
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`CN
`EP
`JP
`JP
`KR
`KR
`KR
`WO
`
`1452326
`1650891
`09 -233 047
`10-210002
`2001-0083789
`2003-0060892
`2009-0040929
`2003/058881
`
`10/2003
`4/2006
`9/1997
`8/1998
`9/2001
`7/2003
`4/2009
`7/2003
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Examination Report, European Application No. 05711777.2, dated
`Oct. 29, 2012, 6 pages.
`Examination Report, European Application No. 05712825.8, dated
`Aug. 16, 2012, 6 pages.
`Extended European Search Report received for counterpart Euro-
`pean Patent Application No. 18196596.3, dated Feb. 20, 2019 (8
`pages).
`IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks; Part 16:
`Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems--
`Amendment 2: Medium Access Control Modifications and Addi-
`tional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz, IEEE Std.
`802.16a-2003 (Apr. 1, 2003).
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19957 Filed 06/21/24 Page 5 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000078
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`Page 3
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`International Search Report ~nd Written Opinion for International
`Application No. PCT/US05/01939, dated Apr. 26, 2005, 7 pages.
`rntemational Search Report and Written Opinion; International
`Patent Application No. PCT/US05/03518; Filed Jan. 27, 2005;
`Applicant: Waltical Solutions, Inc.; dated May 23, 2005; 8 pages.
`Notice of Allowance, U.S. App1. No. 13/347,644, filed Mar. 7, 2013,
`17 pages.
`Notice of Allowance, U.S. Appl. No. 13/861,942, filed May 16,
`2014, 14 pages.
`Supplementary European Search Report, European Application No.
`05711777, dated May 7, 2012, 6 pages.
`Supplementary European Search Report, European Application No.
`05712825, dated Mar. 26, 2012, 4 pages.
`Tufvesson et al. "OFDM Time and Frequency Synchronization by
`Spread Spectrum Pilot Technique," Communication Theory Mira-
`Conference, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Jun. 6-10, 1999, pp. 115-119.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19958 Filed 06/21/24 Page 6 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000079
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Noy. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 1 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`s 1232p3121321p213s32p3213p21p13s
`
`f
`(frequency)
`
`p
`
`I Pilot subcal-ders
`
`Channel
`
`$
`
`Silent subcarriers
`I Silent subcarriers
`
`Subcarriers for
`subchannel 3
`
`3
`
`A rans
`
`1
`
`2
`
`Subcartiers for
`subchannel 1
`
`Subcarriers for
`subchannel 2
`
`PIG. I
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19959 Filed 06/21/24 Page 7 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000080
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Noy. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 2 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`n
`
`n+ I
`
`n+2 n+3
`
`n+4
`
`Time slots
`
`FIG. 2
`
`roo AS
`sjauueyogns
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19960 Filed 06/21/24 Page 8 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000081
`
`yuayed
`
`“OF“AON
`
`gyJo
`
`TAgneccsOFsn
`
`310
`
`Frame
`
`timeslot #6
`
`one
`
`Spi: Specialperiod 1
`Special Period 2
`
`meee
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19961 Filed 06/21/24 Page 9 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000082
`
`yuased
`
`0707‘OT‘AON
`
`JOp
`
`7H806°EC8'0TSA.
`
`sub:flame (5ms)
`
`4.12 "
`
`414
`
`SP1
`
`DL slot #1 4 DL slot #24 DL slotiene
`
`SP2
`
`UL slot #1
`
`UL slot #2‘
`
`slot
`UL slot #3 t
`
`Example Co~ffiguraldon 1: Symmetric (3 DL slats, 3 UL slots)
`
`SP1 | DL slot #1
`
`DL slot #2 4 DL slot #3 4 DL slot #44 SP2 | UL slot af UL slot
`
`Example Coafiguration 2: Asymmet~ic (4 DL slots, 2 UL, slots)
`
`SPI
`
`DL slot #14 DL slot #24 DL slot #3
`
`DL slot #4 + DL slot
`
`se2
`
`UL slot #14
`
`Example Configlaration 3: Asymmetric (5 DL slots, 1 UL slots)
`
`FIG. 4
`
`WoyOLASNAqpaptaosdAdog
`
`1ZOZ-€0-90UOasequieqsdeul]
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19962 Filed 06/21/24 Page 10 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000083
`
`yuajyed
`
`‘OT‘AON
`
`SIJO¢
`
`SA
`
`7H
`
`Time Slot (800 us)
`
`tim eslot #i
`
`520
`
`/po
`
`i OFDM symbol(100us)
`
`eaann
`
`ey,
`
`mene.Seema,
`
`*GPI: Guard, Period 1
`*GP2" Guard Period 2
`
`OFDM symbol #1
`
`OFDM symbol #2
`
`OFDM symbol #8
`
`514 .......
`
`GP~
`
`Spread spectrum signal #k
`x
`
`GP;
`
`Spread spectrum signal #j
`
`GP
`
`synchronized
`
`not synchronized
`
`FIG. 5
`
`WOOLdSNAqpapiaosdAdod
`
`1Z0Z-€0-90uossequiedVEU]
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19963 Filed 06/21/24 Page 11 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000084
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 6 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`MC signal
`
`SS signal
`
`4
`
`,
`
`f
`
`s 1232p3121321 p213s32p321 3p21 p13s
`
`femme
`es
`
`ih
`
`<a
`
`et
`
`ede
`
`be!
`
`FIG. 6
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19964 Filed 06/21/24 Page 12 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000085
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet7of 18
`
`MC signal
`
`SS signal
`
`AM
`
`eigunmnenmannnteh
`
`et
`
`:
`
`subchannel n
`
`subchannel j
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`|
`a
`
`~,
`
`at
`
`<
`
`es
`
`4
`
`5:3
`
`=
`
`subchannel i
`
`lord
`
`on Pro
`
`~
`
`iL
`ily
`Gfennnnnnnnnssaiy5
`Sffemcocrcnneonaoy:
`et
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`
`:
`
`subchanne~ 1
`
`\
`
`subchannel k
`
`.F.~rG’- o ?
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19965 Filed 06/21/24 Page 13 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000086
`
`yuayed
`
`‘OT‘AON
`
`STJ9§}9US
`
`SO
`
`7H
`
`830
`DA
`
`s~
`
`’ ~
`
`we
`
`820
`
`Tx power control
`
`c(t)
`
`spreading
`
`~G,
`
`atten uator
`
`S£read Spectrum Transmitter Signal Processing
`
`it
`
`een
`
`F~G. 8
`
`Multi-Carrier Transmitter Signal Processing
`
`800
`
`810
`,, __.....-- 810
`i
`
`Serial to
`ParalM
`(s~)
`
`Be
`
`°"
`
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`cyclic
`prefix
`
`,S(t)Mc
`Paralle!
`: to Serial .
`
`es nooween SES
`Bee
`De 1
`i
`S(Oss
`i
`
`OL,
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`shaping
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`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19966 Filed 06/21/24 Page 14 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000087
`
`yuayed“SA.
`
`‘OT“AON
`
`STJO6
`
`7HS06°CE8'OTSA
`
`900
`
`(oon nanan econ
`
`oama nanan namunnnnnnn anna sara ammaman nanan
`
`Multi-Carrier Receiver Processing
`
`MC Synchronization
`MC Synchron~afio:t~. ]
`(2.ircu{t
`
`...-- 910
`
`ao
`
`i
`
`i
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`i
`
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`
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`prefix
`
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`
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`Parallel
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`processing
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`i
`Pe
`................ S_ P_r _e _a _d .8.12_e_~_t r_u_ _rn.. _R_e_c_eJ _v _e_r ffSP~ig_~ .............. i ~ 920
`F;[G. 9
`
`aysWoyOLdSNAqpaptaoidAdoD
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`IZOZ-€0-90UOosequIECaBewy
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`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19967 Filed 06/21/24 Page 15 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000088
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 10 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`002
`
`\71004
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19968 Filed 06/21/24 Page 16 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000089
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 11 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`1770
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19969 Filed 06/21/24 Page 17 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000090
`
`yuayed
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`0Z0Z‘OT“AON
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`STJO
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`SA.
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`7H
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`paver own ene Tee
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`enone
`
`Multi-Carder Receiver Processing
`
`MC Synchronization.
`Circ~it
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`S eri a! I
`P/S’~ I
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`cee}
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`re
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`Remove I
`cyclic I
`prefix I
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`4
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`Serial to
`Parallel
`(SP)
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`Ss
`detection
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`‘|
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`Decision-
`~ directed
`sigaal recovery[
`
`\ge
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`1210
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`Cancelling the interfering SS signal
`
`1
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`1
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`it
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`Pre-
`processing
`
`................................................................... ~’ ~ 1220
`FIG. 12
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19970 Filed 06/21/24 Page 18 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000091
`
`yuajzed
`
`0707“OT“AON
`
`STJOCTyo0NS
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`7H806°CE8'0FSA
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`(time)
`
`1306
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`le
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`~.~1306
`
`M C symbol (or slot)
`
`~ 1304
`
`Spread spectrum signal #p
`
`Spread spectrum signal #m
`
`~
`Spread spectrum signal #n
`
`~ 1302
`
`FIG. 13
`
`UOasequiedase]SUId94)WOYOLdSNAqpapraoidAdop
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19971 Filed 06/21/24 Page 19 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000092
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 14 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`MC signal
`
`..... SS s~gtnal
`
`eeovomenm omar
`<Cffemonanmaesnnran
`fmoonnnacoencoatsaxs|
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`43
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`subchannel 1
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`.FIG.
`
`A
`
`Fre
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19972 Filed 06/21/24 Page 20 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000093
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov.
`
`Sheet 15 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`- 1506—
`
`ao
`
`83
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`lOMHz
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`t
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19973 Filed 06/21/24 Page 21 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000094
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Noy. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 16 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`1506
`
`Mee,
`
`eraD
`
`LOMEz (MC)
`
`5
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`exameduavan
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`(SS)
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`aan ay,
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`Se nem om erent ewto ne
`
`FIG. 16
`
`Roe
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`es
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19974 Filed 06/21/24 Page 22 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000095
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 17 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`MC ~
`
`"1704
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19975 Filed 06/21/24 Page 23 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000096
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 10, 2020
`
`Sheet 18 of 18
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`1802
`
`1804
`
`f
`Frequency
`
`.
`
`Channel Response in Frequency
`(Frequency Selectivity)
`
`SUAMG WKAR RRAARRTHR
`
`BE DESOL
`
`ODE
`
`Ot
`
`Dot
`
`Max delay spread, %.,,
`
`Channel Response in Time
`
`"lime
`
`FIG..~8
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19976 Filed 06/21/24 Page 24 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000097
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`5
`
`10
`
`2
`FIG. 4 illustrates three examples of a subframe structure
`in the exemplary OFDM system.
`FIG. 5 illustrates slot structure of the OFDM system and
`the overlay system.
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of MC signals overlaid with DSSS
`signals in the frequency domain where the power level of the
`DSSS signal is much lower than that of the MC signal.
`FIG. 7 is same as FIG. 6 wherein not all MC subchannels
`are occupied.
`FIG. 8 illustrates a transmitter structure of MC and DSSS
`overlay system.
`FIG. 9 illustrates a receiver structure of MC and DSSS
`overlay system.
`FIG. 10 illustrates examples of communications between
`15 a base station and multiple mobile stations transmitting
`DSSS and MC signals.
`FIG. 11 illustrates a mobile station sending DSSS signals
`to its current serving base station, or other base stations.
`FIG. 12 illustrates using interference cancellation tech-
`2o nique to cancel interfering DSSS signal in a composite
`signal to obtain a clearer MC signal.
`FIG. 13 illustrates a DSSS signal and a MC signal fully
`overlaid or partially overlaid at MC symbol or slot boundary
`in time domain.
`FIG. 14 illustrates a DSSS signal with a high Peak to
`Average Ratio in frequency domain causing strong interfer-
`ence to certain MC subcarriers.
`FIG. 15 illustrates using spectrum nulls in DSSS signal to
`protect an MC control subchannel.
`FIG. 16 illustrates spectrum control for DSSS signal using
`simple sub-sampling method.
`FIG. 17 illustrates examples of communications between
`a base station and multiple mobile stations transmitting both
`DSSS and MC signals.
`FIG. 18 illustrates a typical channel response in the time
`and frequency domains. By estimating the peaks of a chan-
`nel response in the time domain, the channel profile in the
`frequency domain can be obtained.
`
`25
`
`3o
`
`35
`
`1
`CHANNEL PROBING SIGNAL FOR A
`BROADBAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION(S)
`
`This application is a continuation of U.S. patent applica-
`tion Ser. No. 15/953,950, Ned Apr. 16, 2018, which is
`continuation of U.S. patent application Set. No. 14/321,615,
`filed Jul. 1, 2014, which issued onApr. 17, 2018 as U.S. Pat.
`No. 9,948,488, which is a continuation application of U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 13/861,942, filed Apr. 12, 2013,
`which issued on Jul. 1, 2014 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,767,522,
`which is a continuation application of U.S. patent applica-
`tion Set. No. 13/347,644, filed Jan. 10, 2012, which issued
`on Apr. 23, 2013 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,428,009, which is a
`continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`12/975,226, filed Dec. 21, 2010, which issued on Jan. 10,
`2012 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,094,611, all of which are incorpo-
`rated herein by reference. U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`12/975,226 is a continuation application of U.S. patent
`application Set. No. 10/583,229, filed Aug. 27, 2008, which
`issued on Jan. 4, 2011 as U.S. Pat. No. 7,864,725, which is
`the National Stage Application of International Application
`No. PCTBAS2005/003518, flied Jan. 27, 2005, which claims
`the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
`60/540,586, filed on Jan. 30, 2004, and of U.S. Provisional
`Patent Application No. 60/540,032, filed on Jan. 29, 2004.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`A direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) system is
`inherently capable of supporting multi-cell and multi-user
`access applications through the use of orthogonal spreading
`codes. The initial access of the physical channel and fre-
`quency planning are relatively easier because of interference
`averaging in a DSSS system. It has been widely used in
`some existing wireless networks. However, a DSSS system
`using orthogonal spreading codes, may suffer severely from
`the loss of orthogonally in a broadband environment due to
`multi-path propagation effects, which results in low spectral
`efficiency.
`In broadband wireless communications, Multi-Carrier
`(MC) technology is drawing more and more attention
`because of its capability. An MC system such as an Orthogo-
`hal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is
`capable of supporting broadband applications with higher
`spectral efficiency. An MC system mitigates the adverse
`effects of multi-path propagation in wireless environments
`by using cyclic prefixes to extend the signal period as the
`data is multiplexed on orthogonal sub-carriers. In effect, it
`converts a frequency selective channel into a number of
`parallel flat fading channels wlfich can be easily equalized
`with simple one-tap equalizers. The modulator and the
`demodulator can be executed efficiently via the fast Fourier
`transform (FFT) with much lower cost. However, MC
`systems are vulnerable while operating in multi-user and
`multi-cell environments.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates a basic structure of a multi-carrier signal
`in the frequency domain, made up of subcarriers.
`FIG. 2 illustrates a radio resource being divided into small
`units in both frequency and time domains.
`FIG. 3 illustrates a frame structure of an exemplary
`OFDM system.
`
`4O
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`A broadband wireless communication system where both
`the Multi-Carrier (MC) and direct Sequence Spread Spec-
`trum (DSSS) signals are intentionally overlaid together in
`45 both time and frequency domains is described. The system
`takes advantage of both MC and DSSS techniques to miti-
`gate their weaknesses. The MC signal is used to carry
`broadband data signal for its high spectral efficiency, while
`the DSSS signal is used for special purpose processing, such
`50 as initial random access, channel probing, and short mes-
`saging, in which signal properties such as simplicity, self
`synchronization, and performance under severe interference
`are of concern. In the embodiments of this invention both the
`MC and the DSSS signals are distinguishable in normal
`55 operations and the interference between the overlaid signals
`is insufficient to degrade the expected performance of either
`signal.
`Unlike a typical CDMA system where the signals are
`designed to be orthogonal in the code domain or an OFDM
`6o system where the signals are designed to be orthogonal in
`frequency domain, the embodiments of this invention over-
`lay the MC signal, which is transmitted without or with very
`low spreading, and the DSSS signal, which is transmitted at
`a power level lower than that of the MC signal.
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments oftkis
`invention, the MC signal is modulated on subcarriers in the
`fi~equency domain while the DSSS signal is modulated by
`
`65
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19977 Filed 06/21/24 Page 25 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000098
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`3
`the information bits or symbols in the time domain. In some
`cases the information bits modulating the DSSS sequence
`are always one.
`This invention further provides apparatus and means to
`implement the mentioned processes and methods in a broad- 5
`band wireless multi-access and/or multi-cell network, using
`advanced techniques such as transmit power control, spread-
`ing signal design, and itemfive cancellation.
`The mentioned MC system can be of any special format
`such as OFDM or Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple
`Access (MC-CDMA). The presented methods and apparatus
`can be applied to downlink, uplink, or both, where the
`duplexlng technique can be either Time Division Duplexing
`(TDD) or Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD).
`Various embodiments of the invention are described to
`provide specific details for thorough understanding and
`enablement; however, the aspects of the invention may be
`practiced without such details. In some instances, we!I-
`known structures and functions have not been shown or
`described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the
`essential matters.
`Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout
`the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "com-
`prising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive 25
`sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is
`to say, in the sense of"including, but not limited to." Words
`using the singular or plural number also include the plural or
`singular number respectively. Additionally, the words
`"herein, .... above," "below" and words of similar import, 3o
`when used in this application, shall refer to this application
`as a whole and not to any particular portions of this
`application. When the claims use the word "or" in reference
`to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the 35
`following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the
`list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the
`items in the list.
`
`4
`(time slots). The basic structure of an MC signa! in the time
`domain is made up of time slots to support multiple-access.
`
`AN EXEMPLARY MC SYSTEM
`
`An OFDM system is used in the system as a special case
`of an MC system. The system parameters for the uplink
`under consideration are listed in Table 1. FIG. 3 illustrates
`a frame structure of a suitable OFDM system. In this system,
`10 a 20 ms frame 310 is divided into four 5 ms subframes 312.
`One subframe 312 consists of six time slots 314 and two
`special periods 316, which serve transition time from down-
`link to uplink and vise versa. The six time slots in one
`subframe can be configured as either uplink or downlink
`15 slots symmetrically or asymmetrically.
`FIG. 4 illustrates three examples of a subframe structure
`in an OFDM system: one symmetric configuration 412 and
`two asymmetric configurations 414, each with differing
`number of uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) slots. FIG. 5
`2o illustrates a slot structure of an OFDM system and an
`overlay system. One 800 p.s time slot 510 is comprised of 8
`OFDM symbols 512, which are overlaid by DSSS signals
`514 in the time domain. Two guard periods OPl and GP2 are
`allocated for the DSSS signal 514.
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Uplink system parameters
`
`Data Rate
`Modulation
`Coding rate
`IFFT/FFT size
`OFDM symbol duration
`Guard interval
`Suborn-tier spacing
`System sampling rate (fs)
`Channel spacing
`
`2, 4, 8, 16, 24 Mbps
`QPSK, 16-QAM
`1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
`1024
`100 us
`11.11 us
`9.765625 kHz
`11.52 MHz
`lO MHz
`
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMLrNICATION SYSTEM
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A MC AND DSSS
`OVERLAY SYSTEM
`
`40
`
`The physical media resource (e.g., radio or cable) in a
`multi-carrier communication system can be divided in both
`the frequency and time domains. This canonical division
`provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource 45
`sharing.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the fre-
`quency domain is made up of subcarriers. Within a particular
`spectral band or channel, there are a fixed number of
`subcarriers. There are three types of subcarriers:
`1. Data subcarriers, which contain information data;
`2. Pilot subcarriers, whose phases and amplitudes are pre-
`determined and made known to all receivers and which
`are employed for assisting system functions such as
`estimation of system parameters; and
`3. Silent subcarriers, which have no energy and are used for
`guard bands and DC carrier.
`FIG. 1 illustrates a basic structure ofa mu!ti-cartier signal
`in the frequency domain, made up of subcarriers. The data
`subcarriers can be arranged into groups called subchannels
`to support scalability and multiple-access. The carriers
`forming one subchannel are not necessarily adjacent to each
`other. As depicted in FIG. 1, each user may use part or all
`of the subcharmels.
`FIG. 2 illustrates a radio resource being divided into small
`units in both frequency (subchannels) and time domains
`
`5o
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`FIG. 5 illustrates the overlay of the MC and DSSS signals,
`where the DSSS signal overlaps with the MC signal in the
`time domain. The overlaid signal can be aligned at the
`boundary of MC slot or MC symbol when they are synchro-
`nized (for example, DSSS signal #k in FIG. 5). It can also
`be not aligned when they are not synchronized (for example,
`DSSS signal #j in FIG. 5). In one embodiment, the DSSS
`signal is placed at the period of cyclic prefix of the OFDM
`symbol.
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of MC signals overlaid with DSSS
`signals in the frequency domain where the power level of the
`DSSS signal is much lower than that of the MC signal. The
`subcarriers in a subchannel are not necessarily adjacent to
`each other in the frequency domain. FIG. 7 is similar to FIG.
`6 wherein not all MC subchannels are occupied. It illustrates
`a scenario where some MC subchannels are not energized.
`In another embodiment, the MC signal is modulated on
`subcarriers in the frequency domain while the DSSS signal
`is modulated in either the time domain or the frequency
`domain. In one embodiment the modulation symbol on the
`DSSS sequence is one and the sequence is unmoduiated.
`FIG. 8 illustrates a transmitter structure 800 of an MC and
`DSSS overlay system, wherein the MC signal and DSSS
`signal are added together prior to Digital to Analog (D/A)
`conversion 830. In FIG. 8, the top branch 810 is an OFDM
`transmitter and the bottom branch 820 is the spread spec-
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 259-1, PageID.19978 Filed 06/21/24 Page 26 of 30
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000099
`
`US 10,833,908 B2
`
`6
`Denoting the received power of the MC signal as Puc and
`the received power of the DSSS signal as Ps~ the signal to
`interference and noise ratio (SINR) for the MC signal is:
`
`SIN~M,2=PMoI(N+ 1 )
`
`when the DSSS signal is not present; and is
`
`$INR’MC=PMd(N+I+Pss)
`
`(3)
`
`(4)
`
`when the DSSS signal is present. The system is designed
`such that the S~-RIMc, meets the SINR requirement for the
`MC signal and its performance is not compromised in spite
`of interference from the overlaid DSSS signal.
`In one embodiment, the DSSS signal is power controlled
`such that Pss is well below the noise level, N.
`On the other hand, the SINR for the DSSS signal is
`
`SINRss=Pss!(N+I+PMC)
`
`(5)
`
`Denoting the spreading factor for the DSSS signal as KSF,
`the effective SINR for one symbo! after despreading is:
`
`$INI~.’ss=Pss*Ks~(N+I+PMC)
`
`(6)
`
`SINR’ss must be high enough to meet the performance
`requirement when detecting or decoding the information
`conveyed in the DSSS signal. In one embodiment, Ks~ is
`chosen to be 1000, so that the DSSS signal is boosted with
`25 30 dB spreading gain after despreading.
`
`FI6. 11 illustrates a mobile station 1110 sending DSSS
`signals to its current serving base station or other base
`stations. The latter case is especially helpful in hand-off
`processes. In