Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19274 Filed 06/20/24 Page 1 of 29
`
`Exhibit F
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`

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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19275 Filed 06/20/24 Page 2 of 29
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`NEO-AUTO_0115837
`
`HI
`
`092805
`
`Nh
`
`+
`
`PTO/SB/16 (01-04)
`Approved for use through 07/31/2006. OMB 0651-0032
`Fo
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`N Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information untess it displays a valid OMB control numbey.
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT COVER SHEET
`alo
`Cc
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT under 37 CFR 1.53(c).
`Express Mail Label No.
`5
`WA
`Given Name (first and middle [if any])
`Residence
`oS
`(City and either State or Foreign Country is
`Xiaodong
`Kirkland, WA
`Additional inventors are being named on the
`separately numbered sheets attached hereto
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (500 characters max)
`Method and Apparatus for Multi-Carrier Packet Communication with Reduced Overhead
`Direct all correspondence to:
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`Customer Number:
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`INVENTOR(S)
`Family Name or Surname
`
`Li
`
`OR
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`Firm or
`Individual Name
`Address
`Address
`City
`Country
`
`WALTICAL SOLUTION, INC.
`
`1750 112TH AVE NE, Suite D159
`
`Bellevue
`
`State
`Telephone —| (425)4518278]
`USA
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
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`WA
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`CD(s), Number
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`13
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`[J Specification Number ofPages
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`Respectfully submitted,
`SIGNATURE_
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`TYPED or PRINTED NAME
`
`Titus Lo
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`TELEPHONE
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`(425) 451-8278
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`09/27/2005
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`Date
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19276 Filed 06/20/24 Page 3 of 29
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`NEO-AUTO_0115838
`
`a
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
`Additional Page
`
`PTO/SB/16 (08-03)
`Approved for use through 07/31/2006. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB contro! number.
`Docket Number
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`Given Name (first and middle [if any]
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`Family or Surname
`
`INVENTOR(S)/APPLICANT(S)
`
`Haiming
`Titus
`Ruifeng
`
`Huang
`Lo
`Wang
`
`Residence
`(City and either State or Foreign Country)
`Bellevue, WA
`
`Bellevue, WA
`
`Sammamish, WA
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`[Page 2 of 2]
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19277 Filed 06/20/24 Page 4 of 29
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`NEO-AUTO_0115839
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`Method and Apparatus for Multi-Carrier Packet
`Communication with Reduced Overhead
`Xiaodong Li, Haiming Huang, Titus Lo, and Ruifeng Wang
`
`1 Background of the Invention
`Bandwidth efficiency is one of the most important system performance factors for wireless
`communication systems. In packet based data communication, where the mixed traffic has a
`bursty and irregular pattern, application payloads are of different sizes and with different quality
`of service (QoS) requirements. In order to accommodate different applications, a wireless
`communication system should be able to provide a high degree of flexibility. However, in order
`to support such flexibility, additional overhead are usually required. For example, in a wireless
`system based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, multiple service flows are established for each
`mobile station to support different applications. At the medium access control (MAC) layer, each
`service flow is mapped into a wireless connection. The MAC scheduler allocates wireless air
`link resources to these connections. Special scheduling messages, DL-MAP and UL-MAP are
`defined to broadcast the scheduling decisions to the mobile stations.
`there is a significant overhead. First of all, each connection
`In the MAP message in
`is identified by a 16 bits connection ID (CID). The CID is included in the MAP to identify the
`mobile station. The maximum number of connections that a system can support is therefore
`65,536. Each mobile station has minimal two management connections for control and
`management messages and various number of traffic connections for application data traffic.
`Secondly, the airlink resource allocation can be correspondent to any time/frequency region. It is
`identified by the time domain scale with start symbol offset (8 bits) and symbol length (7 bits)
`and the frequency domain scale with start logical subchannel offset (6 bits) and numbers of
`allocated subchannels (6 bits). Due to the fact that different application has different resource
`requirement, the allocated resource region is irregular from connection to connection. Thirdly,
`the modulation and coding scheme is identified by MCS code, called as either downlink interval
`usage code (DIUC) or uplink interval usage code (UIUC), which is 4 bits. Another 2 bits are
`used to indicate the coding repetition in addition to 3 bits for power control. Overall, the
`overhead of a MAP element is 52 bits. For applications such as voice over IP, the payload of an
`8Kbps voice codec is 20 bytes in every 20ms. The overhead of the MAP element alone can be as
`much as 32.5%, thereby resulting in a relatively low spectral efficiency.
`The present invention describes the method and apparatus to reduce overhead in a multi-carrier
`packet communication system, thereby improve the spectral efficiency of the system.
`
`2 Summary of the Invention
`In this invention are described method and apparatus for a multi-carrier packet communication
`
`Rev. 0.1 9/27/2005
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`WALTICAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19278 Filed 06/20/24 Page 5 of 29
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`NEO-AUTO_0115840
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`system with reduced overhead. A specific area in the time-frequency resource is designated for
`certain applications, such as VoIP. Adaptive modulation and coding method with modular
`resource utilization is designed to improve transmission spectral efficiency, while minimizing
`the control overhead. Method and apparatus are designed to take advantage ofthe special
`characteristics of the applications to minimize the number of bits to identify the destination of
`the packets. A control message is sent prior to the transmission of an application packet to
`indicate the packet destination, the radio resource utilized by the packet, and the modulation and
`coding method for the packet.
`The system mentioned in this invention can be of any special formats such as Code Division
`Multiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), or
`Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA). Without loss of generality,
`OFDMA is taken as an example to illustrate the present invention. In addition, without loss of
`generality, voice applications are used as example applications to illustrate the present invention.
`The subtitles are introduced for illustrating the aspects of the invention, and should not be
`interpreted as limiting the aspects of the invention.
`
`3 Brief Description of the Drawings
`The present invention will be thoroughly understood from the detailed description given below
`and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention, which, however,
`should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation
`and understanding only.
`Figure 1: A basic multi-carrier wireless communication system consists of a transmitter and a
`receiver, which consist of the necessary functions for transmission and reception,
`respectively.
`Figure 2: A cellular wireless network is comprised of a plurality of cells, in each of which the
`coverage 1s provided by a base station (BS). Within each coverage area, there are
`distributed mobile stations. A base station is connected to the backbone of the network
`via a dedicated link and also provides radio links to the mobile stations within its
`coverage.
`Figure 3: The radio resource is divided into small units in both the frequency and time domains:
`subchannels and time slots. Subchannels are formed by subcarriers. The basic structure
`of a multi-carrier signal in the time domain is made up of time slots.
`Figure 4: The relationship is shown between the sampling frequency, the channel bandwidth, and
`the usable subcarriers. For a given bandwidth of a spectral band or channel (B,,), the
`number of usable subcarriers is finite and limited, whose value depends on the size of
`the FFT and the sampling frequency
`Figure 5: The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain is made up of
`subcarriers. Data subcarriers can be grouped into subchannels in a particular way. Each
`subchannel may be set at a different power level.
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`NEO-AUTO_0115841
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`Figure 6: An illustration of an OFDMA system with Classifier. Incoming application packets are
`classified by the Classifier based on classification rules. The classification rules can be
`configured statically or dynamically by a control process. Each classification rule is
`defined using parameters, such as application type, QoS parameters and other
`properties. Different application packets will be put into different data queues and
`transmitted by the OFDMA transmitter.
`Figure 7: AMC resource for voice applications, where each unit is the time-frequency resource
`required for carrying the same specific amount of voice data using a given MCS.
`Figure 8: A time-frequency zone, which is specially allocated for voice applications.
`Figure 9: AMC is applied to MAP transmission, where subchannels using the same MCS are
`specified or defined using a MAP, to which the same MCS is also applied.
`Figure 10: An illustration of special resource region with unit sequence defined in time-first
`order.
`Figure 11: An illustration of a resource allocation scheme in the same VZone before and after a
`voice connection goes into the silence period. All subsequent resource allocations shift
`up to fill the gap.
`Figure 12: Another example that illustrates a resource allocation scheme in the same VZone
`before and after a voice connection goes into silence period. In this scheme, the last
`resource unit occupies the resource gap.
`Figure 13: Yet another example in case not all the resource units are using the same modulation
`and coding scheme in the same VZone. In this scheme, the last one using the same
`MCS scheme as the one which goes in to the silence period occupies the resource gap.
`
`4 Detailed Description
`
`4.1 Cellular Wireless Networks
`In a cellular wireless network, the geographical region to be serviced by the network is normally
`divided into smaller areas called cells. In each cell the coverage is provided by a base station.
`Thus, this type of structure is normally referred to as the cellular structure (Figure 1). Within
`each coverage area, there are located mobile stations to be used as an interface between the users
`and the network. A base station is connected to the backbone of the network, usually by a
`dedicated link. A base station also serves as a focal point to distribute information to and collect
`information from its mobile stations by radio signals.
`In a wireless network, there are a number of base stations, each of which provides coverage to its
`designated area, normally called a cell. If a cell is divided in to sectors, from system engineering
`point of view each sector can be considered as a cell. In this context, the terms “cell” and
`“sector” are interchangeable.
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`NEO-AUTO_0115842
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`c.
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`4.2 Multi-Carrier Communication System
`In a wireless communication system with base stations and mobile stations, the transmission
`from a base station to a mobile station is called a downlink (DL) and the transmission from a
`mobile station to a base station is called an uplink (UL).
`In multi-carrier communication system,
`a transmitter may consist of the following functional blocks (Figure 2):
`1. Channel encoding and modulation, including
`a. data bit randomization
`b. FEC encoding
`interleaving
`d. Modulation
`2. Subchannel and symbol construction
`Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)
`3.
`4. Transmission
`A receiver may consist of the following functional blacks:
`1. Reception
`2. Frame and symbol synchronization
`3. Fast Fourier transform (FFT)
`4. Frequency, timing, and channel estimation
`5. Subchannel demodulation
`6. Channel decoding, including
`a. De-interleaving
`b. Decoding
`c. De-randomization
`
`4.3 Multi-Carrier Signal Format
`The physical media resource (e.g., radio or cable) in a multi-carrier communication system can
`be divided in both the frequency and time domains, as depicted in Figure 3. This canonical
`division provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource sharing.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain is made up of subcarriers.
`For a given bandwidth of a spectral band or channel
`the number of usable subcarriers is
`finite and limited, whose value depends on the size of the FFT and the sampling frequency
`as depicted in Figure 4. There are three types of subcarriers, as
`and the effective bandwidth
`illustrated in Figure 5.
`1. Data subcarriers, which carries information data;
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-6, PageID.19281 Filed 06/20/24 Page 8 of 29
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`NEO-AUTO_0115843
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`2. Pilot subcarriers, whose phases and amplitudes are predetermined and made known to all
`receivers and which are used for assisting system functions such as estimation of system
`parameters; and.
`3. Silent subcarriers, which have no energy and are used for guard bands and DC carrier.
`The data subcarriers can be arranged, in a particular manner, into groups called subchannels to
`support scalability and multiple-access. The subcarriers forming one subchannel may or may not
`be adjacent to each other. Each user may use some or all of the subchannels.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the time domain is generally made up of time
`frames, time slots, and OFDM symbols. A frame consists of a number of time slots, whereas
`each time slot is comprised of one or more OFDM symbols. The OFDM time domain waveform
`is generated by applying the inverse-fast-Fourier-transform (IFFT) to the OFDM signals in the
`frequency domain. A copy of the last portion of the time waveform, known as the cyclic prefix
`(CP), is inserted in the beginning of the waveform itself to form the OFDM symbol.
`In one embodiment, a mapper, as implied by the “Subchannel and Symbol Construction” box in
`Figure 2, is designed to map the logical frequency/subcarrier and OFDM symbol indices seen by
`upper layer facilities, such as the MAC resource scheduler or the coding and modulation
`modules, to the actual physical subcarrier and OFDM symbol indices. A contiguous time-
`frequency area before the mapping may be actually discontinuous after the mapping, and vice
`versa. On the other hand, in a special case, the mapping may be a “null process”, which
`maintains the same time and frequency indices before and after the mapping. The mapping
`process may change from time slot to time slot, from frame to frame, or from cell to cell.
`Without loss ofgenerality, in the invention, the terms “resource”, “airlink resource’, “physical
`resource”, “radio resource’, and “time-frequency resource” may refer to either the time-
`frequency resource before such mapping or that after such mapping.
`
`4.4 Basic Connection ID’s and Application Connection ID’s
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of this invention, both basic connection
`identification (BCID) and application connection-specific identification (ACID) are employed to
`facilitate the control process.
`When a mobile station enters the wireless network, it is first assigned a BCID for each direction
`of the wireless connection: downlink and uplink. A BCID can be used for control messages or
`generic (unclassified) application connections. The BCID for downlink may or may not be the
`same as that of the uplink.
`In one embodiment, certain application data are classified into different application packet
`streams based on the application type, quality of service (QoS) requirement, or other properties.
`For example, voice application stream is identified based on the special value in the type of
`service (ToS) field of its IP header. A new combination of RTP/UDP/IP headers with the special
`IP ToS field value indicates a new voice application stream. Such a new stream is identified by
`peeking into the voice session setup protocol messages, such as session initiation protocol (SIP).
`Figure 6 illustrates the design of an OFDMA system with a system component called Classifier.
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`Rev. 0.1 9/27/2005
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`NEO-AUTO_0115844
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`Incoming application packets are classified by the Classifier based on classification rules. The
`classification rules can be configured statically or dynamically by a control process. Each
`classification rule is defined using parameters, such as application type, QoS parameters and
`other properties. Different application packets will be put into different data queues and
`transmitted by the OFDMA transmitter.
`In one embodiment, a special connection is set up to transmit a special application stream
`to/from a mobile station over the air. An ACID can be assigned for the corresponding application
`packet flow. For example, for voice application, the ACID is a voice connection ID (VCID) that
`is assigned for voice packets. Furthermore, an application type can be further classified into
`different sub-types, based on certain properties of that application. For example, voice
`applications can be further classified into different sub-types based on the voice source coding
`(vocoder) methods (e.g., G.711 and G.729A) and are given corresponding sub-types of VCID’s.
`For certain multi-casting application, an ACID may be shared by multiple base stations or
`mobile stations.
`Once established, the connection ID’s, including BCID’s and ACID’s, are disseminated, through
`broadcasting messages for example, to the corresponding base station(s) and mobile station(s)
`for proper packet transmission and reception.
`The medium access control (MAC) scheduler allocates airlink resource to different connections.
`A certain application types may be associated with a certain airlink resource block, such as a
`time and frequency region. Such correspondence is made known to base stations and mobile
`stations through default configuration or additional broadcasting messages. More details
`regarding the usage of airlink resources for certain application is described in the subsequent
`sections.
`A connection ID is released once the wireless system determines that there is no need to continue
`the connection. For example, a voice connection and its VCID are released once the system
`detects deactivation of the voice stream. In one embodiment, the voice connection is deactivated
`if the voice session disconnect is detected through snooping SIP signaling.
`In another
`embodiment, the voice connection is released if there is no voice packet activity on the
`connection for a certain period of time.
`In one embodiment, the same bit length is used in different types of connections ID’s, including
`BCID’s, and ACID’s. In another embodiment, different types of connection ID’s may have
`different bit length. For example, in a typical implementation, a BCID is 16-bit, to accommodate
`a large number of mobile stations and unclassified applications, while a VCID is 6-bit, to
`accommodate up to 64 simultaneous voice connections in a cell. The shorter ACID length, such
`as that of VCID, is beneficial for reducing the control overhead, especially when an application
`utilizes many small data packets, such as VoIP packets.
`In another embodiment, an ACID is further augmented by other properties of the utilized airlink
`resources, such as time or frequency indices, to identify an application connection. This can be
`used to further reduce ACID bit length or to increase the maximum number of accommodated
`application connection given a certain ACID bit length. For example, a voice codec generates
`voice application data periodically. The allocation period is usually multiple times of the air link
`WALTICAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
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`NEO-AUTO_0115845
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`frame duration. In this case, the air link frame number can be combined with a VCID to identify
`a voice connection. For example, the voice codec of G.723.1 generates a voice frame once every
`30 milliseconds. The MAC scheduler allocates airlink resource to such a voice connection once
`every 30ms. In a wireless cellular system using Sms frame duration, a single VCID can be shared
`by 6 voice streams, each associated with a different frame number to uniquely identify a voice
`connection.
`
`4.5 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of this invention, a particular set of
`modulation and forward-error correction (FEC) coding schemes (MCS) are used for transmission
`of a particular type of applications under various channel conditions. For example, a prescribed
`set of MCS can be used for voice applications, as shown in Table 1.
`In one embodiment, the MCS are designed to utilize modular resources. For example, as
`illustrated in Table 1, 80 raw modulation symbols are needed to transmit 160 information bits
`using 16QAM modulation and rate-'4 coding, the highest available MCS in the table. The
`resource utilized by this highest MCS is called a basic resource unit (Unit), i.e., 80 raw. symbols
`in this example. The resource utilized by other MCS is simply an integer multiple of the basic
`unit. For example, 4 units are required to transmit the same number of information bits using
`QPSK modulation with rate-’4 coding. The relationship of MCS and required number of basic
`units to carry the same specific amount of voice data is illustrated in Figure 7. Such modular
`utilization of resources of various MCS leads to significant reduction of control overhead, which
`becomes more evident in the subsequent sections.
`Table 1. Modulation and coding schemes used for voice packets
`
`MCSI| Modulation| Coding rate| Information bits |Raw symbols| Units
`16QAM
`1/2
`1
`80
`160
`1
`QPSK
`
`160
`
`2
`
`2
`
`1/2
`
`160
`
`3
`
`4
`
`QPSK
`
`QPSK
`
`1/4
`
`1/8
`
`160
`
`160
`
`320
`640
`
`4
`
`8
`
`conveys the information about modulation and coding schemes. For a
`The MCS index
`known vocoder, MCSI also implies the number of AMC resource units required for a voice
`packet.
`Coding and signal repetition can be combined to provide lower coding rates. For example, rate-
`1/8 coding can be realized by a concatenation of rate-% coding and 4-time repetition.
`The decision process for selecting proper MCS of a packet can vary by applications. In one
`
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`embodiment, the process for voice packets can be more conservative than that for general data
`packets due to the QoS requirements of the voice applications. For example, when the signal to
`interference noise ratio (SINR) is used as a threshold for selecting the MCS, the threshold value
`for voice packets is set higher than that for general data packets. For example, the SINR
`threshold of QPSK with rate-% coding for voice packets is 12 dB, while that for general data
`packets is 10 dB.
`
`4.6 Special Airlink Resource Region for Certain Applications
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of this invention, a particular region/zone of
`time-frequency resources are designated for a particular type of application so as to reduce the
`control overhead in MAC headers. Unused resources in one application zone may be allocated
`for other applications.
`In one embodiment, a special time-frequency zone is allocated for voice applications, as shown
`in Figure 7, where VZone is the region designated for voice application, and V1 is the resource
`to be used for the first voice packet, and V2 is the resource to be used for the second voice
`packet, so on so forth.
`In another embodiment, the time-frequency resource used for a voice packet, i.e., V1, or V2, ...,
`is indicated by the starting time-frequency coordinates and the ending coordinates, relative to the
`starting point of the VZone. The granularity in the time coordinates can be one or multiple
`OFDM symbols, and that in the frequency coordinates can be one or multiple subcarriers. The
`amount of control information may be significant to indicate certain arbitrary starting and ending
`coordinates of a voice packet.
`In yet another embodiment, voice packets are arranged sequentially with certain rules in the
`VZone, as shown in Figure 7, where the VZone is divided into multiple columns and the voice
`packets are arranged from top down in each column and from left to right over columns. The
`width of each column can be a certain number of subcarriers.
`In still another embodiment, the two-dimensional time-frequency coordinates are converted to a
`one dimensional offset to the origin of the VZone. Such offset is shown as VZone index (VZI) in
`Figure 7. For example, with MCS and modular resource, the granularity of the offset is defined
`as a basic resource Unit as described in the previous sections. For instance, the location offset for
`the first voice packet VZI;=0 and its MCSI,=1, which implies that one basic resource unit is
`used; the offset for the second voice packet VZI, = 1 and its MCSI)=4, which implies that eight
`basic resource units are used; and the offset for the third voice packet VZI,=9 and its MCSI;=2,
`which implies that two basic resource units are used.
`Using MCS resource Unit as the granularity of location offset of a packet (instead of OFDM
`symbol and subcarrier coordinates) reduces the number of bits required to represent its VZone
`indices. For example, to support a maximum of 64 calls in a cell, a maximum of 64x8=512 units
`might be used, assuming that every voice packet is transmitted using the lowest MCS. Therefore,
`a 9-bit number is sufficient to represent a VZI. In practice, different voice packets may be
`transmitted using different MCS’s, some with MCSI-1, some with MCSI=4, so on so forth.
`According to statistics, a shorter bit-length than the maximum needed, for example 8 bits, may
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`be used for VZI for practical purpose.
`In the case where an MCS is used with modular resource and voice packets are located
`sequentially in the VZone, the overhead required to indicate the location of a voice packet can be
`further reduced. In one embodiment, the VZone index of a packet can be inferred from the MCSI
`of the packets located before the subject packet. For example, if the first voice packet uses
`MCSI)=1, 16QAM with % coding, and the second voice packet uses MCS]I=4, QPSK with 1/8
`coding, then the first two voice packets occupy 1+8=9 units, and the starting location of the third
`voice packet is the
`unit. Therefore, the VZone index for each packet can be skipped in the
`control message and the overhead is further reduced.
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of this invention, resource allocation can be
`carried out in various manners. In one embodiment, an application zone may contain all
`subcarriers of one or multiple OFDM symbols or time slots. In another embodiment, the
`definition, such as the location and size, of an application zone, may be different from cell to
`cell. In yet another embodiment, the VZones of voice applications are allocated at different
`locations for neighboring cells to avoid inter-cell interference. In still another embodiment, the
`system allocates fixed amount of resource to each voice connection. The system uses AMC and
`matches it with adaptive multi-rate (AMR) voice coding to improve the voice quality.
`
`4.7 Control Messages and Headers
`In accordance with aspects of certain embodiments of this invention, a controlmessage, often
`called Information Element (IE), is used to facilitate the control process.
`In one embodiment, the IE is sent prior to transmitting an application packet to indicate the
`information on the packet, such as the packet destination, modulation and coding method, and
`the airlink resource used. For example, the IE for a voice packet includes (VCID, MCSI, VZI).
`In one embodiment, VCID is 6 bits, MCSI is 2 bits, and VZI is 8 bits, thereby resulting in a 2-
`byte IE overhead for each voice packet. In some cases, the IE regarding each voice packet
`includes only VCID and MCSJI, thereby effectively reducing the IE overhead for each voice
`packet to 1 byte. The VZI can be inferred from the MCSI of the voice packets located before the
`subject voice packet.. Additional control information, such as power control information, can be
`added to the IE with additional bit fields.
`In another embodiment, the base station sends the IE for a downlink packet to inform the mobile
`station for proper reception of the packet, and the base station sends the IE for an uplink packet
`to inform the mobile station for proper, subsequent transmission of the packet. The downlink and
`uplink packet IE’s may be separately grouped together. The IE’s may be broadcasted or multi-
`casted to corresponding destinations.
`In yet another embodiment, the IE’s of the same application type or subtype are grouped
`together. A special field, called Application MAP (AMAP) subheader, for a specific application
`type, may be added to the IE group. The subheader may indicate the application type and the
`length of the IE group. For example, as shown in Figure 8, an AMAP subheader for voice
`application (shown as VMAP) is followed by IE’s for voice packets (Shown as VIE), where
`Length = 3 indicates that the subheader is followed by three voice IE’s, and Type = 01 indicates
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`Rev. 0.1 9/27/2005
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`WALTICAL SOLUTIONS, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
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`that the application type is voice.
`In one embodiment, the IE’s for all packets are transmitted with the same modulation and coding
`schemes (MCS). In another embodiment, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is used for the
`transmission of the IE’s, as illustrated in Figure 9. A special rule, which is known to both base
`stations and mobile stations, can be used to determine the IE MCS, based on the MCS of its
`corr