Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19183 Filed 06/20/24 Page 1 of 17
`
`Exhibit B
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19184 Filed 06/20/24 Page 2 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000036
`
`U 8119540
`
`UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`
`United States Patent and Trademark Office
`
`June 14, 2021
`
`THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT ANNEXED HERETO IS A TRUE COPY FROM
`
`THE RECORDS OF THIS OFFICE OF:
`
`U.S. PATENT: 10,075,941
`ISSUE DATE: September 11, 2018
`
`By Authority of the
`
`Under Secretary o~ Commerce for_!~tellectual Property
`and Director of the United States~atent and Trademark Office
`
`Certif)q~’g Officer
`
`//
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19185 Filed 06/20/24 Page 3 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000037
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Li et al.
`
`(?.o) Patent No.: US 10,075,941 B2
`(45) Date of Patent: Sep. 11, 2018
`
`US010075941B2
`
`(54)
`
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`
`(71)
`
`Applicant:
`
`Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(72)
`
`Inventors:
`
`Xiaodong Li, Kirldand, WA (US);
`Titus Lo, Bellevue, WA (US); Kemin
`Li, Bellevue, WA (US); Haiming
`Huang, Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(73)
`
`Assignee:
`
`Neocific, Inc., Bellevue, WA (US)
`
`(*)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`15/082,878
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Mar. 28, 2016
`
`(65)
`
`(63)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2017/0055245 A1 Feb. 23, 2017
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`Continuation of application No. 14/539,917, filed on
`Nov. 12, 2014, now Pat. No. 9,301,296, which is a
`continuation of application No. 13/246,677, filed on
`Sep. 27, 2011, now abandoned, which is a
`continuation of application No. 12/755,313, filed on
`Apr. 6, 2010, now Pat. No. 8,027,367, which is a
`continuation of application No. 10/583,529, filed as
`application No. PCT/US2005/004601 on Feb. 14,
`2005, now Pat. No. 7,693,032.
`
`Provisional application No. 60/544,521, filed on Feb.
`13, 2004.
`
`Int. C1.
`HO4B 7/00
`HO4W 72/04
`HO4L S/O0
`
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2017.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2009.01)
`
`HO4L 27/26
`HO4B 7/0413
`HO4L 1/00
`HO4W 52/26
`(52) U.S. CI.
`CPC ...... HO4W 72/0406 (2013.01); HO4B 7/0413
`(2013.01); HO4L 1/0026 (2013.01); HO4L
`1/0029 (2013.01); HO4L 1/0068 (2013.01);
`HO4L 1/0073 (2013.01); HO4L 5/006
`(2013.01); HO4L 5/0007 (2013.01); HO4L
`5/0046 (2013.01); HO4L 5/0048 (2013.01);
`HO4L 27/2608 (2013.01); HO4W 72/044
`(2013.01); HO4L 1/0003 (2013.01); HO4L
`1/0009 (2013.01); HO4L 5/0091 (2013.01);
`HO4W 52/26 (2013.01)
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC .. H04W 72/044; H04B 7/0413; H04L 1/0026;
`H04L 1/0029; H04L 1/0068; H04L 5/006;
`H04L 5/0046
`USPC ........ 370/310, 328, 349, 350, 431,436, 458
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`7,436,757 BI* 10/2008 Wilson .................. H04L 5/0058
`370/203
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Primary Examiner -- Dmitry H Levitan
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm -- Perkins Coie LLP
`
`:
`
`ie
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An arrangement is disclosed where in a multi-carrier com-
`munication system, the modulation scheme, coding attri-
`butes, training pilots, and signal power may be adjusted to
`adapt to channel conditions in order to maximize the overall
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`radio resources or compromising error probability perfor-
`mance, etc.
`
`14 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`Adaptation Process
`
`}
`
`|
`
`Va~Ing Coding
`Rata
`
`594
`
`Var~ng
`M~dulatlon:
`QPSK, 15QA~,
`S4QAM etc,
`
`Dlffere ~t
`Pilot pa~rn~
`
`$08
`Tranetrission
`Power Control
`
`Copy provided by USPTO fxom the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
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`I ITraining[
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`
`cited
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19186 Filed 06/20/24 Page 4 of 17
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`NEO-AUTO_0000038
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`quayed
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`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19187 Filed 06/20/24 Page 5 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000039
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2018
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`s 1232 p 3121321 p 213s 32 p 321 3p2 i p i 3 s
`
`f
`(frequency)
`
`P
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`I Pilot suboarriers
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`; Silent subcarriers
`t Silent subcarriers
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`Subcarriers for
`subchannel 2
`t Subcarriers for
`
`FIG. 2
`
`3
`~ ~ Subcarriers for
`subchannel
`~i subchannel 3
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19188 Filed 06/20/24 Page 6 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000040
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2018
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`.#
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`Time. slots
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
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`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19189 Filed 06/20/24 Page 7 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000041
`
`yusjed
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19190 Filed 06/20/24 Page 8 of 17
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`NEO-AUTO_0000042
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`yuajzed
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`‘TT‘das
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`JO
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`Adaptation
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`Modulation
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`Pilots
`Insertior
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`channels
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`
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`Rate
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`
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`506
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`‘Processing
`(e.g., IFFT,
`Cyclic prefix,
`neamforming)
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`Power Control
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`FIG. 5
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19191 Filed 06/20/24 Page 9 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000043
`
`yuayed
`
`S107‘TT‘das
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`8JO9Jo9qS
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`AMCTP indicator on 602
`forward control channel -’ -" ÷ ~
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`transmission -’- ÷ I~
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`604
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`602
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`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19192 Filed 06/20/24 Page 10 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000044
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 11, 2018
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`702’
`
`7O2
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`f
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`7
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`b4
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`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
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`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19193 Filed 06/20/24 Page 11 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000045
`
`yuajed
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`‘TT‘das
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`Subchannel 1
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`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19194 Filed 06/20/24 Page 12 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000046
`
`2
`TPC is one of many functions in some wireless systems,
`along with MCS, pilot attributes, subchannel configuration,
`etc.
`The subchamael configuration is normally defined and
`fixed in an operation, and it is usually not considered an
`adjustable function of the system to be adapted to the user
`profile and/or operational environment.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`2o
`
`FIG. 1 is a representative cellular communication system.
`FIG. 2 is a basic structure of a multi-carder signal in the
`frequency domain, made up of subcarriers.
`FIG. 3 depicts a radio resource divided into small units in
`15 both frequency and time domains: subchaunels and time
`slots.
`FIG. 4 is an illustration of a control process between
`Device Aand Device B, each of which canbe a part of a base
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG. 1.
`FIG. 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`of an OFDM system which controls coding, modulation,
`training pilot pattern, and transmission power for a subchan-
`nel.
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of a control messaging associated
`25 with data transmission between communication devices.
`FIG. 7 illustrates two different training pilot patterns
`plotted for a multi-carrier system.
`FIG. 8 illustrates a power control in AMCTP scheme for
`an OFDM system.
`
`This application is a continuation application of, and
`incorporates by reference in its entirety, U.S. patent appli- 10
`cation Ser. No. 14/539,917, now grm~ted U.S. Pat. No.
`9,301,296, filed Nov. 12, 2014, which is a continuation
`application of U.S. patent application Set. No. 13/246,677,
`filed Sep. 27, 2011, which is a continuation application of
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/755,313, now granted
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,027,367, filed Apr. 6, 2010, which is a
`continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`10/583,529, now granted U.S. Pat. No. 7,693,032, having a
`371 date of May 10, 2007, which is a national stage
`application of International Application No. PCT/US2005/
`004601, filed Feb. 14, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 60/544,521, filed Feb.
`13, 2004. This application also relates to PCT Application
`No. PCT/US05/03518 fired "Methods and Apparatus for
`Overlaying Multi-Carrier and Direct Sequence Spread Spec-
`Inma Signals in a Broadband Wireless Communication Sys-
`tem," filed Jan. 27, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S.
`Provisional Application No. 60/540,032 filed Jan. 29, 2004
`and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/540,586 filed Jan.
`30, 2004. 30
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`1
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATION(S)
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) has been used in
`wireless systems to improve spectral efficiency in a fading
`environment where signal quality varies significantly. By
`adjusting the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) in
`accordance with the varying signal-to-interference-plus-
`noise ratio (SINR), reliable communication link can be
`maintained between communicating devices. For example,
`in CDMA2000 lxEV-DO system, twelve different modula-
`tion!coding schemes are provided. AMC is also used in
`CDMA2000 lxEV-DV and 3GPP HSDPA systems.
`To improve performance, in addition to the MCS, other
`system functions such as channel estimation, transmission
`power control (TPC), and subchannel comSguration can be
`adjusted in accordance with the state of the communication
`channel. For example, channel estimation typically utilizes
`training symbols or pilot data, which are known to both the
`transmitter and the receiver. For coherent modulation, the
`channel information can be extracted at the receiver by
`comparing the pilots and their corresponding received ver-
`sions. For non-coherent modulation, the received samples of
`the pilots are used as reference for the detection of the
`transmitted data.
`Channel estimation is an important part of multi-carrier
`(MC) communication systems such as Orthogonal Fre-
`quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In conven-
`tional OFDM systems, such as IEEES02.11a, 802.11g,
`802.16, or DVB-T system, pilots are transmitted for channel
`estimation. The pilots are fixed and form part of other
`functions such as MCS, TPC, and subchannel configuration
`in some wireless systems.
`Fast TPC can compensate for fast fading. In a multi-cell
`multiple-access system, TPC is also used to reduce intra-cell
`and inter-cell interference and to conserve battery life for the
`mobile station by transmitting with only necessary power.
`
`Methods and apparatus for adaptive transmission of wire-
`less communication siguals are described, where MCS
`35 (modulation and coding scheme), coding rates, training pilot
`pattems, TPC (transmission power control) levels, and sub-
`channel configurations are jointly adjusted to adapt to the
`channel conditions. This adaptation maximizes the overall
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`4o radio resources or compromising error probability perfor-
`mance.
`Furthermore, the subchannel composition is designed to
`be configurable so that it can be adjusted statically or
`dynamically according to the user profiles or environmental
`45 conditions. The methods for obtaining the channel informa-
`tion and for transmitting the control information in the joint
`adaptation scheme are also described below, such as feed-
`back of channel condition and indexing of the j oint scheme,
`along with methods for reducing the overhead of messaging.
`5o The mentioned multi-carrier system can be of any special
`format such as OFDM, or Multi-Carrier Code Division
`Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) and can be applied to down-
`link, uplink, or both, where the duplexing technique is either
`Time Division Duplexing (TDD) or Frequency Division
`55 Duplexing (FDD).
`The apparatus and methods are described with respect to
`various embodiments and provide specific details for a
`thorough understanding and enablement. One skilled in the
`art will understand that the invention may be practiced
`60 without such details. In some instances well-known struc-
`tures and functions are not shown or described in detail to
`avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the
`embodiments.
`Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout
`65 the description and the claims, the words "comprise," "com-
`prising," and the like are to be construed in an inclusive
`sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the P1RS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19195 Filed 06/20/24 Page 13 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000047
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`3
`to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to." Words
`using the singular or plural number also include the plural or
`singular number respectively. Additionally, the words
`"herein, .... above," "below" and words of similar import,
`when used in this application, shall refer to this application 5
`as a whole and not to any particular portions of this
`application. When the claims use the word "or" in reference
`to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the
`following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the
`list, all of the items in the list and any combination of the 10
`items in the list.
`The content of*his description is applicable to a cornmrl-
`nication system with multiple transmitters and multiple
`receivers. For example, in a wireless network, there are a
`number of base stations, each of which provides coverage to I5
`its designated area, typically called a cell. Within each cell,
`there are mobile stations. FIG. 1 illustrates a communication
`system that is representative of such a system, where Base
`Station 110 is communicating with Mobile Stations 101 and
`102 in Sector A of its cell site while Base Station 120 is 20
`communicating with Mobile Stations 103, 104, and 105 in
`Sector B of its cell site.
`Amulti-carrier multiple-access system is a special case of
`general communication systems and hereinafter is employed
`as a representative communication system to describe the 25
`embodiments of the invention.
`Multi-Carrier Commtmication System
`The physical media resource (e.g., radio or cable) in a
`multi-carrier communication system can be divided in both
`the fi’equency and the time domains. This canonical division 30
`provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource
`sharing.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the fre-
`quency domain is made up of subcarriers. Within a particular
`spectral band or channel, there are a fixed number of 35
`subcarriers, and there are three types of subcarriers:
`1. Data subcarriers, which carry information data;
`2. Pilot subcarriers, whose phases and amplitudes are
`predetermined and made known to all receivers and
`which are used for assisting system functions such as 40
`estimation of system parameters; and
`3. Silent subcarriers, which have no energy and are used
`for guard bands and DC carrier.
`The data subcarders can be arranged into groups called
`subchannels to support scalability and multiple-access. The 45
`carriers forming one subchannel are not necessarily adjacent
`to each other. Each user may use part or all of the subchan-
`nels. The concept is illustrated in FIG. 2, which is the basic
`structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain,
`made up of subcarriers. Data subcarriers can be grouped into 5o
`subchannels in a specified manner. The pilot subcarriers are
`also distributed over the entire channel in a specified man-
`ner.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier sigual in the time
`domain is made up of time slots to support multiple-access. 55
`The resource division in both the frequency and time
`domains is depicted in FIG. 3, which is the radio resource
`divided into small units in both the frequency and time
`domains (subchannels and time slots). The basic structure of
`a multi-carrier signal in the time domain is made up of time 6o
`slots.
`Adaptive Transmission and Feedback
`The underlying principles of adaptive transmission and
`feedback are both to increase the degree of freedom of a
`transmission process and to supply information for the 65
`adaptation process of a communication system. The adap-
`tation process adjusts the allocated modulation schemes,
`
`4
`coding rates, pilot patterns, power levels, spatial processing
`schemes, subchannel configurations, etc. in accordance with
`the transmission channel state and condition, for improving
`system performance and/or capacity.
`Below, AMCTP (adaptive modulation, coding, training
`and power control) is used as a general term, where its
`variations can be applied to appropriate applications. There
`are different adaptive transmission schemes that are subsets
`of the AMCTP scheme, such as AMCT (adaptive modula-
`tion, coding and training), AMTP (adaptive modulation,
`training, and power control), AMT (adaptive modulation and
`training), and so forth.
`FIG. 4 is an illustration of the control process between
`Device A and Device B, each of which canbe a part of a base
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG. 1, during
`adaptive transmission. The transmitter 401 of Device A
`transmits data 402 and associated control information 404 to
`Device B, based on an output of the adaptation process 406.
`After a receiver 408 of Device B receives the transmitted
`data 402 and control information 404, a measurement pro-
`cess 410 of Device B measures a channel conditions and
`feeds a channel quality information (CQI) 412 back to
`Device A.
`The granularity of AMCTP schemes in a multi-carrier
`system can be user-based, where one or multiple subchan-
`nels may be used, or the granularity can be subchannel-
`based, where a subchannel may contain one or more sub-
`carriers. Likewise, the granularity of CQI can be user- or
`subchannel-based. Both AMCTP and CQI may change over
`time and may differ from one time slot to another.
`FIG. 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`of an OFDM system which employs separate processing
`block to control the coding 502, modulation 504, training
`pilot pattern 506, and transmission power for a subchannel
`508. Each block may be implemented combined or sepa-
`rately in circuitry, in dedicated processors, in a digital signal
`processor, as a microprocessor implemented subroutine, etc.
`FIG. 6 is an illustration of control messaging associated
`with the data transmission between communication devices,
`such as Device A and B in FIG. 4. In FIG. 6 the AMCTP
`indicator 602 is associated with data transmission 604 on a
`CQI
`forward link from the transmitter to the receiver, and
`606 is associated with the information feedback from the
`receiver to the transmitter on a return channel.
`In a system where AMCTP is used, the transmitter relies
`on the CQI to select an appropriate AMCTP scheme for
`transmitting the next packet, or retransmitting a previously
`failed packet, required in an automatic repeat request (ARQ)
`process. The CQI is a function of one or more of the
`following: received signal streng-th; average SINR; variance
`in time; frequency or space; measured bit error rate (BER);
`frame error rate (FER); or mean square error (MSE). Chan-
`nel conditions hereinafter are referred to as one or more of
`the following, for a user or a subchannel: signal level, noise
`level, interference level, SINR, fading channel characteris-
`tics (Doppler frequency, delay spread, etc.), or channel
`profile in time or frequency domain. The detection of the
`channel condition can be at the transmitter, the receiver, or
`both.
`An MCS in AMCTP is referred to as a modulation and
`error correction coding scheme used in the system. By
`matching an MCS to a specific channel condition (e.g.,
`SINR level), a better throughput is achieved. Varying only
`the MCS is a sub-optimal approach since other factors such
`as training pilot patterns or subchannel compositions also
`impact system performance.
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19196 Filed 06/20/24 Page 14 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000048
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`5
`A pilot pattern includes the number of (training) pilot
`symbols, the location of the symbols in time/frequency/
`space, the amplitude and phase, and other attributes of these
`symbols. The system may use distinctive pilot patterns to
`suit different MCS and channel conditions. The pilot pattern 5
`requirements for a robust channel estimation vary with the
`SINR of the channel and the channel profile.
`In a multi-carrier system, pilots are transmitted on certain
`positions in the time-frequency grid. FIG. 7 illustrates two of
`10
`many different training pilot patterns that may be used, each 10
`plotted for a multi-carrier system, where the dark shaded
`time-frequency grids 702 are allocated as training pilot
`symbols. One criterion for choosing a pilot pattern is that the
`pilot assisted channel estimation should not be a bottleneck
`for the link performance, and that the pilot overhead should
`be kept to a minimum. The joined adaptation of training pilot
`pattern together with MCS is a more effective way of
`matching the channel conditions, and results in a better
`performance compared with a mere adaptation of MCS.
`The power control information may include an absolute
`power level and!or a relative amount to increase or decrease
`the current power setting. In a multi-carrier system, the
`power levels of different subchaunels are set differently such
`that minimum power is allocated to a subchaunel to satisfy 25
`its performance requirements while minimizing interference
`to other users.
`The power control can be uaer- or subchannel-based. FIG.
`8 is an illustration of a power control in an OFDM system
`where digital variable gains 802 G1, G2... GN are applied 30
`to subchannels 804 that may have different MCSs with
`different transmission power levels. Analog domain gain
`806 Ga is used to control the total transmission power signal
`processes to meet the requirements of the transmission
`power of the device. In FIG. 8, after variable gains are 35
`applied to subchannels 804, they are inputted to the inverse
`discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) module. The outputs from
`the IDFT are the time domain signals, which are converted
`from parallel to sequential signals after a cyclic prefix is
`added to them.
`Table 1 is an example of a general AMCTP table (or CQI
`table). It should be noted that some pilot patterns in the table
`000
`can be the same. The total number of indexes used to
`010
`represent different combinations of the joint adaptation 011
`001
`process can be different for AMCTP index and CQI index. 45
`101
`For instance, it is not necessary to send absolute transmis-
`111
`sion power information to the receiver(s). Some AMCTP
`no
`information, such as relative power control or code rate, can
`100
`be embedded in the data transmission instead of being
`conveyed in the AMCTP index.
`
`6
`TABLE 1-continued
`
`An example of general AMCTP.
`
`Modulation
`
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Tra~ing
`Pilot
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`~/6
`5/6
`
`Pattern 13
`Pattern 14
`
`Max-2x
`Max-3x
`
`Index
`
`13
`14
`
`15
`
`20
`
`In a general AMCTP or CQI table, different training pilot
`patterns may be used for different modulations and code
`rates. However, even for the same modulation and coding,
`different patterns can be used to match different channel
`conditions. In order to make the table more efficient, more
`indexes can be allocated to the more frequently used sce-
`narios. For example, several training pilot patterns can be
`allocated to the same MCS that is used more frequently, to
`achieve finer granularity and thus have a better match with
`different channel conditions.
`Table 2 is a simple realization of the AMCTP index or the
`CQI index. In one embodiment, as shown in Table 2, the
`AMCTP and CQI index is Gray coded so that one bit error
`in the index makes the index shift to the adjacent index.
`In some cases, a different number of pilot symbols is used
`for the same MCS. In one embodiment, to keep the packet
`size the same when the same MCS is used with a different
`number of pilot symbols, rate matching schemes such as
`repetition or puncturing is employed. For instance in Table
`2, for Index 010 and Index 011, Pattem 3 has more pilot
`symbols compared to Pattem 2. The code rate of Index 010
`is IA, which is punctured to 7A~ for Index 011 to accommo-
`date the extra pilot symbols. In one embodiment, more
`significant bits in the CQI index are protected with stronger
`error protection code on the return channel.
`
`40
`
`Index (Gray
`coded)
`
`TABLE 2
`
`Another example of AMCTP or CQI table.
`
`Modulation
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`IA
`IA
`7/16
`IA
`~A6
`2A
`~/6
`5/6
`
`Pattern 1
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 3
`
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max-X
`
`TABLE 1
`
`An example of general AMCTR
`
`Index Modulation
`
`Code
`Rate
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`1
`2
`3
`4
`5
`6
`7
`8
`9
`10
`11
`12
`
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`1/16
`1/8
`1/4
`1/~
`1/2
`IA
`1/2
`sA
`~A
`2A
`5/6
`5/6
`
`Pattern 1
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 4
`Pattern 5
`Pattern 6
`Pattern 7
`Pattern 8
`Pattern 9
`Pattern 10
`Pattern 11
`Pattern 12
`
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`+
`Max-lx
`
`50 Other factors that can be used in the adaptation process
`include modulation constellation arrangements, transmitter
`antenna techniques, and subchannel configuration in a multi-
`carrier system.
`For some modulation schemes such as 16QAM and
`55 64QAM, how information bits are mapped to a symbol
`determines the modulation schemes’ reliability. In one
`embodiment, constellation arrangement is adjusted in the
`adaptation process to achieve a better system performance,
`especially during retransmission in a hybrid ARQ process.
`6o Some multiple antenna techniques, such as transmission
`diversity, are used to improve the transmission robustness
`against fading channel effects, whereas other multiple
`antenna techniques such as multiple-input multiple-output
`(MIMO) schemes are used to improve transmission through-
`65 put in favorable channel conditions. In one embodiment of
`the adaptive transmissions the antenna technique used for a
`transmission is determined by the adaptation process.
`
`Copy provided by USPTO from the PIRS Image Database on 06-03-2021
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-2, PageID.19197 Filed 06/20/24 Page 15 of 17
`
`NEO-AUTO_0000049
`
`US 10,075,941 B2
`
`7
`In a multi-carrier multi-cell communication system, when
`a11 subcarriers in one subchannel are adjacent or close to
`each other, they are more likely to fall In the coherent
`bandwidth of a fading channel; thus they can be allocated to
`users that are either fixed in location or are move slowly. On
`the other hand, when subcarriers and/or subchannels that
`belong to one user are scattered in the frequency domain, it
`results in higher diversity gains for the fast moving users,
`and a better interference averaging effect.
`Given the fact that different configurations of subchannel
`compositions are suitable for different scenarios or user
`profiles, subchannel configuration is included in the trans-
`mission adaptation process. In one embodiment, the sub-
`channel configuration information is broadcast on the com-
`mon forward control channel to all users such that each user
`is informed of its subchannel configuration.
`In another embodiment, the subchannel configuration is
`adjusted according to deployment scenarios. For instance,
`when a base station is newly deployed with less interference,
`one form of subchannel configuration is used, and when
`more users join the network or more adjacent base stations
`are deployed, which results in stronger interference to the
`users in the system, a different subchannel configuration
`with better interference averaging effect is used.
`The following paragraphs describe a method of transmit-
`ring the control message between the transmitter and
`receiver, when the AMCTP scheme is implemented. A
`forward control link is defined here as the transmission of
`the AMCTP indicator from the transmitter to the receiver,
`and a return control channel is defined as the transmission of
`CQI, as the feedback information, from the receiver to the
`transmitter, as shown in FIG. 4.
`The AMCTP indicator on the forward link can be sent
`either separately or jointly. For instance, the power control
`information, training pilot pattern indicator, or antenna
`diversity scheme can be embedded in the data transmission.
`In another embodiment, AMCTP is transmitted on a separate
`control channel with stronger error protection.
`One way for the transmitter to obtain CQI is to have it
`explicitly sent from the receiver to the transmitter based on
`channel condition measurements at the receiver during pre-
`vious transmission(s). The CQI is then used by the trans-
`mitter to determine what AMCTP scheme to use for the next
`transmission. In one embodiment, CQI for one user is
`periodically updated on the return channel, even when there
`is no forward transmission targeted for that user. In this case
`the receiver measures the channel conditions from the
`common broadcast transmission or the data transmission
`targeted to other users.
`In one embodiment, the transmitter or the receiver uses
`any of several known predictive algorithms to predict cur-
`rent or future channel conditions based on previous channel
`measurements. This is more effective for a fast fading
`environment where the past measurements may not match
`the current transmission closely, due to the fast channel
`variations. The output of the predictive algorithm is then
`used by the adaptation process to select the best possible
`scheme for the current transmission.
`Another method to obtain CQI is through the transmission
`of a probing sequence from the receiver to the transmitter on
`the return channel. In one embodiment, in a multi-carrier
`commlmication system, a probing sequence is transmitted
`from the receiver to the transmitter using an overlay scheme
`where the probing sequence is overlaid to the data traffic
`without having negative impact on the data transmission
`performance. In this case the transmitter estimates the chan-
`nel profile in the time and/or frequency domains based on
`
`8
`the received probing sequence. This is especially effective
`for TDD systems due to the reciprocity of the channel
`conditions on forward and reverse channels.
`The AMCTP indicator or CQI can be sent per user or per
`5 subchannel. In one embodiment if per subchannel feedback
`is employed, since the AMCTP and CQI information for the
`same users are highly correlated, first the source coding is
`employed to compress the CQI, and then the error correction
`coding is applied to the compressed CQI to provide sufl]-
`1