Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.102 Filed 07/20/22 Page 1 of 16
`
`Exhibit 3
`
`

`

`| HAI LUI A UN ACUT UN DI TAMAN MINI
`
`US010075941B2
`
`( 12 ) United States Patent
`Li et al .
`
`( 10 ) Patent No . : US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`( 45 ) Date of Patent :
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`( 54 ) METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`MULTI - CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`( 71 ) Applicant : Neocific , Inc . , Bellevue , WA ( US )
`( 72 )
`Inventors : Xiaodong Li , Kirkland , WA ( US ) ;
`Titus Lo , Bellevue , WA ( US ) ; Kemin
`Li , Bellevue , WA ( US ) ; Haiming
`Huang , Bellevue , WA ( US )
`( 73 ) Assignee : Neocific , Inc . , Bellevue , WA ( US )
`Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this
`( * ) Notice :
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U . S . C . 154 ( b ) by 0 days .
`( 21 ) Appl . No . : 15 / 082 , 878
`( 22 ) Filed :
`Mar . 28 , 2016
`Prior Publication Data
`( 65 )
`US 2017 / 0055245 A1
`Feb . 23 , 2017
`Related U . S . Application Data
`( 63 ) Continuation of application No . 14 / 539 , 917 , filed on
`Nov . 12 , 2014 , now Pat . No . 9 , 301 , 296 , which is a
`continuation of application No . 13 / 246 , 677 , filed on
`Sep . 27 , 2011 , now abandoned , which is
`a
`continuation of application No . 12 / 755 , 313 , filed on
`Apr . 6 , 2010 , now Pat . No . 8 , 027 , 367 , which is a
`Dr . 6 , 2010 of applicaUS200510
`continuation of application No . 10 / 583 , 529 , filed as
`application No . PCT / US2005 / 004601 on Feb . 14 ,
`2005 , now Pat . No . 7 , 693 , 032 .
`( 60 ) Provisional application No . 60 / 544 , 521 , filed on Feb .
`13 , 2004 .
`Int . Ci .
`H04B 7700
`H04W 72 / 04
`H04L 5 / 00
`
`( 2006 . 01 )
`( 2009 . 01 )
`( 2006 . 01 )
`
`( 51 )
`
`( 52 )
`
`H04L 27 / 26
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04B 770413
`( 2017 . 01 )
`H04L 1 / 00
`( 2006 . 01 )
`H04W 52 / 26
`( 2009 . 01 )
`U . S . CI .
`H04W 72 / 0406 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04B 7 / 0413
`???
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 1 / 0026 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L
`1 / 0029 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 1 / 0068 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`H04L 1 / 0073 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 5 / 006
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 5 / 0007 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L
`5 / 0046 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 5 / 0048 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`H04L 27 / 2608 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04W 72 / 044
`( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 1 / 0003 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L
`1 / 0009 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; H04L 5 / 0091 ( 2013 . 01 ) ;
`H04W 52 / 26 ( 2013 . 01 )
`( 58 ) Field of Classification Search
`CPC . . H04W 72 / 044 ; H04B 7 / 0413 ; HO4L 1 / 0026 ;
`H04L 1 / 0029 ; H04L 1 / 0068 ; H04L 5 / 006 ;
`H04L 5 / 0046
`USPC . . . . . . . . 370 / 310 , 328 , 349 , 350 , 431 , 436 , 458
`See application file for complete search history .
`References Cited
`U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS
`7 , 436 , 757 B1 * 10 / 2008 Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H04L 5 / 0058
`370 / 203
`
`( 56 )
`
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner — Dmitry H Levitan
`( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm — Perkins Coie LLP
`ABSTRACT
`( 57 )
`An arrangement is disclosed where in a multi - carrier com
`munication system , the modulation scheme , coding attri
`butes , training pilots , and signal power may be adjusted to
`adapt to channel conditions in order to maximize the overall
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`radio resources or compromising error probability perfor
`mance , etc .
`
`14 Claims , 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.103 Filed 07/20/22 Page 2 of 16
`
`Adaptation Process
`
`Encoding
`
`RC
`
`Punctus
`Repetition
`
`- - - - > Modulation - - - -
`
`Other Sub
`gain channels
`Tag
`Pilots
`Insertion
`
`gain
`
`Other
`Transmission
`Processing
`( e . g . , IFFT ,
`Cyclic pretix ,
`beamfarming
`
`Interleaving
`501
`Varying Coding
`Rate
`
`504
`Varying
`Modulation ;
`QPSK , 16QAM ,
`64QAM etc .
`
`506
`
`Different
`Pilot patterns
`
`SOS
`Transmission
`Power Control
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
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`120
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`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.104 Filed 07/20/22 Page 3 of 16
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`

`

`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`( frequency )
`
`Channel
`
`
`
`Silent subcarriers
`
`0
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`Subcarriers for subchannel 3
`
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`Subcarriers for subchannel 2 FIG . 2
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`Subcarriers for subchannel 1
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`Pilot subcarriers
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`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.105 Filed 07/20/22 Page 4 of 16
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`
`
`Time slots
`
`U
`
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`
`Time slots 3 FIG . 3
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`2
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.106 Filed 07/20/22 Page 5 of 16
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`U . S . Paten
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`atent
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`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 4 of 8
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`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
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`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.107 Filed 07/20/22 Page 6 of 16
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 5 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`gain
`
`Other Transmission Processing ( e . g . , IFFT ,
`prefix , beamforming )
`Cyclic
`
`Other Sub gain channels
`
`508 Transmission Power
`Control
`
`Different Pilot
`patterns
`504 Varying Modulation : QPSK , 16QAM , 64QAM
`
`etc .
`
`Interleaving
`
`
`
`501 Varying Coding Rate
`
`Training Pilots Insertion
`Modulation
`Puncturing & Repetition
`
`CRC
`
`Encoding
`
`FIG . 5
`
`
`
`Adaptation Process
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.108 Filed 07/20/22 Page 7 of 16
`
`

`

`U . S . Patent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 6 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`time
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`606
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`arning
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`v
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`602
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`e
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`FIG . 6
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`802 604
`602
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`vard data
`Forward
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`data transmission
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.109 Filed 07/20/22 Page 8 of 16
`
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`AMCTP indicator on forward control channel
`
`

`

`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`ZOL
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`702
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`4 . b
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`FIG . 7
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`4 . a
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`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.110 Filed 07/20/22 Page 9 of 16
`
`

`

`U . S . Paten
`
`atent
`
`Sep . 11 , 2018
`
`Sheet 8 of 8
`
`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
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`FIG . 8
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`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.111 Filed 07/20/22 Page 10 of 16
`
`

`

`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`30
`
`TPC is one of many functions in some wireless systems ,
`METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR
`along with MCS , pilot attributes , subchannel configuration ,
`MULTI - CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVE
`etc .
`The subchannel configuration is normally defined and
`TRANSMISSION AND FEEDBACK
`5 fixed in an operation , and it is usually not considered an
`CROSS - REFERENCE TO RELATED
`adjustable function of the system to be adapted to the user
`APPLICATION ( S )
`profile and / or operational environment .
`This application is a continuation application of , and
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`incorporates by reference in
`its entirety , U . S . patent appli - 10
`FIG . 1 is a representative cellular communication system .
`cation Ser . No . 14 / 539 , 917 , now granted U . S . Pat . No .
`FIG . 2 is a basic structure of a multi - carrier signal in the
`9 , 301 , 296 , filed Nov . 12 , 2014 , which is a continuation
`frequency domain , made up of subcarriers .
`application of U . S . patent application Ser . No . 13 / 246 , 677 ,
`FIG . 3 depicts a radio resource divided into small units in
`filed Sep . 27 , 2011 , which is a continuation application of
`U . S . patent application Ser . No . 12 / 755 , 313 , now granted 15 both frequency and time domains : subchannels and time
`U . S . Pat . No . 8 , 027 , 367 , filed Apr . 6 , 2010 , which is a
`slots .
`continuation application of U . S . patent application Ser . No .
`FIG . 4 is an illustration of a control process between
`10 / 583 , 529 , now granted U . S . Pat . No . 7 , 693 , 032 , having a
`Device A and Device B , each of which can be a part of a base
`371 date of May 10 , 2007 , which is a national stage
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG . 1 .
`application of International Application No . PCT / US2005 / 20
`FIG . 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`004601 , filed Feb . 14 , 2005 , which claims the benefit of U . S .
`of an OFDM system which controls coding , modulation ,
`Provisional Patent Application No . 60 / 544 , 521 , filed Feb .
`training pilot pattern , and transmission power for a subchan
`13 , 2004 . This application also relates to PCT Application
`nel .
`No . PCT / US05 / 03518 titled “ Methods and Apparatus for
`FIG . 6 is an illustration of a control messaging associated
`Overlaying Multi - Carrier and Direct Sequence Spread Spec - 25 with data transmission between communication devices .
`trum Signals in a Broadband Wireless Communication Sys -
`FIG . 7 illustrates two different training pilot patterns
`tem , ” filed Jan . 27 , 2005 , which claims the benefit of U . S .
`plotted for a multi - carrier system .
`Provisional Application No . 60 / 540 , 032 filed Jan . 29 , 2004
`FIG . 8 illustrates a power control in AMCTP scheme for
`and U . S . Provisional Application No . 60 / 540 , 586 filed Jan .
`an OFDM system .
`30 , 2004 .
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`BACKGROUND
`Methods and apparatus for adaptive transmission of wire
`less communication signals are described , where MCS
`Adaptive modulation and coding ( AMC ) has been used in
`wireless systems to improve spectral efficiency in a fading 35 ( modulation and coding scheme ) , coding rates , training pilot
`environment where signal quality varies significantly . By
`patterns , TPC ( transmission power control ) levels , and sub
`adjusting the modulation and coding scheme ( MCS ) in
`channel configurations are jointly adjusted to adapt to the
`accordance with the varying signal - to - interference - plus -
`channel conditions . This adaptation maximizes the overall
`noise ratio ( SINR ) , reliable communication link can be
`system capacity and spectral efficiency without wasting
`maintained between communicating devices . For example , 40 radio resources or compromising error probability perfor
`in CDMA2000 1xEV - DO system , twelve different modula
`mance .
`tion / coding schemes are provided . AMC is also used in
`Furthermore , the subchannel composition is designed to
`be configurable so that it can be adjusted statically or
`CDMA2000 1xEV - DV and 3GPP HSDPA systems .
`To improve performance , in addition to the MCS , other
`dynamically according to the user profiles or environmental
`system functions such as channel estimation , transmission 45 conditions . The methods for obtaining the channel informa
`power control ( TPC ) , and subchannel configuration can be
`tion and for transmitting the control information in the joint
`adjusted in accordance with the state of the communication
`adaptation scheme are also described below , such as feed
`channel . For example , channel estimation typically utilizes
`back of channel condition and indexing of the joint scheme ,
`training symbols or pilot data , which are known to both the
`along with methods for reducing the overhead of messaging .
`transmitter and the receiver . For coherent modulation , the 50
`The mentioned multi - carrier system can be of any special
`channel information can be extracted at the receiver by
`format such as OFDM , or Multi - Carrier Code Division
`comparing the pilots and their corresponding received ver -
`Multiple Access ( MC - CDMA ) and can be applied to down
`sions . For non - coherent modulation , the received samples of
`link , uplink , or both , where the duplexing technique is either
`the pilots are used as reference for the detection of the
`Time Division Duplexing ( TDD ) or Frequency Division
`55 Duplexing ( FDD ) .
`transmitted data .
`Channel estimation is an important part of multi - carrier
`The apparatus and methods are described with respect to
`various embodiments and provide specific details for a
`( MC ) communication systems such as Orthogonal Fre -
`quency Division Multiplexing ( OFDM ) systems . In conven -
`thorough understanding and enablement . One skilled in the
`tional OFDM systems , such as IEEE802 . 11a , 802 . 11g ,
`art will understand that the invention may be practiced
`802 . 16 , or DVB - T system , pilots are transmitted for channel 60 without such details . In some instances well - known struc
`estimation . The pilots are fixed and form part of other
`tures and functions are not shown or described in detail to
`functions such as MCS , TPC , and subchannel configuration
`avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the
`embodiments .
`in some wireless systems .
`Fast TPC can compensate for fast fading . In a multi - cell
`Unless the context clearly requires otherwise , throughout
`multiple - access system , TPC is also used to reduce intra - cell 65 the description and the claims , the words “ comprise , " " com
`and inter - cell interference and to conserve battery life for the
`prising , ” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive
`mobile station by transmitting with only necessary power .
`sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense ; that is
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.112 Filed 07/20/22 Page 11 of 16
`
`

`

`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`to say , in the sense of “ including , but not limited to . ” Words
`coding rates , pilot patterns , power levels , spatial processing
`using the singular or plural number also include the plural or
`schemes , subchannel configurations , etc . in accordance with
`singular number respectively . Additionally , the words
`the transmission channel state and condition , for improving
`“ herein , ” “ above , " " below ” and words of similar import ,
`system performance and / or capacity .
`when used in this application , shall refer to this application 5
`Below , AMCTP ( adaptive modulation , coding , training
`as a whole and not to any particular portions of this
`and power control ) is used as a general term , where its
`application . When the claims use the word “ or ” in reference
`variations can be applied to appropriate applications . There
`to a list of two or more items , that word covers all of the
`are different adaptive transmission schemes that are subsets
`following interpretations of the word : any of the items in the
`of the AMCTP scheme , such as AMCT ( adaptive modula
`list , all of the items in the list and any combination of the 10 tion , coding and training ) , AMTP ( adaptive modulation ,
`items in the list .
`training , and power control ) , AMT ( adaptive modulation and
`The content of this description is applicable to a commu
`training ) , and so forth .
`nication system with multiple transmitters and multiple
`FIG . 4 is an illustration of the control process between
`receivers . For example , in a wireless network , there are a
`15 Device Aand Device B , each of which can be a part of a base
`number of base stations , each of which provides coverage to 15 De
`station and a mobile station depicted in FIG . 1 , during
`its designated area , typically called a cell . Within each cell ,
`there are mobile stations . FIG . 1 illustrates a communication
`adaptive transmission . The transmitter 401 of Device A
`transmits data 402 and associated control information 404 to
`system that is representative of such a system , where Base
`Station 110 is communicating with Mobile Stations 101 and
`Device B , based on an output of the adaptation process 406 .
`102 in Sector A of its cell site while Base Station 120 is
`20 After a receiver 408 of Device B receives the transmitted
`communicating with Mobile Stations 103 , 104 , and 105 in
`data 402 and control information 404 , a measurement pro
`cess 410 of Device B measures a channel conditions and
`Sector B of its cell site .
`A multi - carrier multiple - access system is a special case of
`feeds a channel quality information ( CQI ) 412 back to
`general communication systems and hereinafter is employed
`Device A .
`as a representative communication system to describe the 25
`The granularity of AMCTP schemes in a multi - carrier
`system can be user - based , where one or multiple subchan
`embodiments of the invention .
`nels may be used , or the granularity can be subchannel
`Multi - Carrier Communication System
`based , where a subchannel may contain one or more sub
`The physical media resource ( e . g . , radio or cable ) in a
`multi - carrier communication system can be divided in both
`carriers . Likewise , the granularity of CQI can be user - or
`the frequency and the time domains . This canonical division 30 subchannel - based . Both AMCTP and CQI may change over
`provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource
`time and may differ from one time slot to another .
`sharing .
`FIG . 5 illustrates a joint adaptation process at a transmitter
`The basic structure of a multi - carrier signal in the fre -
`of an OFDM system which employs separate processing
`quency domain is made up of subcarriers . Within a particular
`block to control the coding 502 , modulation 504 , training
`spectral band or channel , there are a fixed number of 35 pilot pattern 506 , and transmission power for a subchannel
`508 . Each block may be implemented combined or sepa
`subcarriers , and there are three types of subcarriers :
`rately in circuitry , in dedicated processors , in a digital signal
`1 . Data subcarriers , which carry information data ;
`2 . Pilot subcarriers , whose phases and amplitudes are
`processor , as a microprocessor implemented subroutine , etc .
`predetermined and made known to all receivers and
`FIG . 6 is an illustration of control messaging associated
`which are used for assisting system functions such as 40 with the data transmission between communication devices ,
`such as Device A and B in FIG . 4 . In FIG . 6 the AMCTP
`estimation of system parameters ; and
`3 . Silent subcarriers , which have no energy and are used
`indicator 602 is associated with data transmission 604 on a
`for guard bands and DC carrier .
`forward link from the transmitter to the receiver , and CQI
`The data subcarriers can be arranged into groups called
`606 is associated with the information feedback from the
`subchannels to support scalability and multiple - access . The 45 receiver to the transmitter on a return channel .
`carriers forming one subchannel are not necessarily adjacent
`In a system where AMCTP is used , the transmitter relies
`to each other . Each user may use part or all of the subchan
`on the CQI to select an appropriate AMCTP scheme for
`nels . The concept is illustrated in FIG . 2 , which is the basic
`transmitting the next packet , or retransmitting a previously
`structure of a multi - carrier signal in the frequency domain ,
`failed packet , required in an automatic repeat request ( ARQ )
`made up of subcarriers . Data subcarriers can be grouped into 50 process . The CQI is
`a function of one or more of the
`subchannels in a specified manner . The pilot subcarriers are
`following : received signal strength ; average SINR ; variance
`also distributed over the entire channel in a specified man -
`in time ; frequency or space ; measured bit error rate ( BER ) ;
`frame error rate ( FER ) ; or mean square error ( MSE ) . Chan
`ner .
`The basic structure of a multi - carrier signal in the time
`nel conditions hereinafter are referred to as one or more of
`domain is made up of time slots to support multiple - access . 55 the following , for a user or a subchannel : signal level , noise
`The resource division in both the frequency and time
`level , interference level , SINR , fading channel characteris
`domains is depicted in FIG . 3 , which is the radio resource
`tics ( Doppler frequency , delay spread , etc . ) , or channel
`divided into small units in both the frequency and time
`profile in time or frequency domain . The detection of the
`domains ( subchannels and time slots ) . The basic structure of
`channel condition can be at the transmitter , the receiver , or
`a multi - carrier signal in the time domain is made up of time 60 both .
`An MCS in AMCTP is referred to as a modulation and
`slots .
`error correction coding scheme used in the system . By
`Adaptive Transmission and Feedback
`The underlying principles of adaptive transmission and
`matching an MCS to a specific channel condition ( e . g . ,
`SINR level ) , a better throughput is achieved . Varying only
`feedback are both to increase the degree of freedom of a
`transmission process and to supply information for the 65 the MCS is a sub - optimal approach since other factors such
`adaptation process of a communication system . The adap -
`as training pilot patterns or subchannel compositions also
`tation process adjusts the allocated modulation schemes ,
`impact system performance .
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.113 Filed 07/20/22 Page 12 of 16
`
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`
`TABLE 1 - continued
`An example of general AMCTP .
`Training
`Code
`Rate
`Pilot
`576
`516
`
`Modulation
`
`640AM
`64QAM
`
`Transmit
`Power
`
`Max - 2x
`Max - 3x
`
`Pattern 13
`Pattern 14
`
`Index
`13
`14
`
`,
`20
`
`A pilot pattern includes the number of ( training ) pilot
`symbols , the location of the symbols in time / frequency /
`space , the amplitude and phase , and other attributes of these
`symbols . The system may use distinctive pilot patterns to
`suit different MCS and channel conditions . The pilot pattern 5
`requirements for a robust channel estimation vary with the
`SINR of the channel and the channel profile .
`In a multi - carrier system , pilots are transmitted on certain
`positions in the time - frequency grid . FIG . 7 illustrates two of 10
`In a general AMCTP or CQI table , different training pilot
`many different training pilot patterns that may be used , each
`patterns may be used for different modulations and code
`plotted for a multi - carrier system , where the dark shaded
`rates . However , even for the same modulation and coding ,
`time - frequency grids 702 are allocated as training pilot
`different patterns can be used to match different channel
`symbols . One criterion for choosing a pilot pattern is that the
`conditions . In order to make the table more efficient , more
`pilot assisted channel estimation should not be a bottleneck
`for the link performance , and that the pilot overhead should 15 indexes can be allocated to the more frequently used sce
`narios . For example , several training pilot patterns can be
`be kept to a minimum . The joined adaptation of training pilot
`allocated to the same MCS that is used more frequently , to
`pattern together with MCS is a more effective way of
`matching the channel conditions , and results in a better
`achieve finer granularity and thus have a better match with
`different channel conditions .
`performance compared with a mere adaptation of MCS .
`The power control information may include an absolute
`Table 2 is a simple realization of the AMCTP index or the
`power level and / or a relative amount to increase or decrease
`CQI index . In one embodiment , as shown in Table 2 , the
`the current power setting . In a multi - carrier system , the
`AMCTP and CQI index is Gray coded so that one bit error
`power levels of different subchannels are set differently such
`in the index makes the index shift to the adjacent index .
`that minimum power is allocated to a subchannel to satisfy .
`In some cases , a different number of pilot symbols is used
`its performance requirements while minimizing interference
`for the same MCS . In one embodiment , to keep the packet
`size the same when the same MCS is used with a different
`to other users .
`The power control can be user - or subchannel - based . FIG .
`number of pilot symbols , rate matching schemes such as
`8 is an illustration of a power control in an OFDM system
`repetition or puncturing is employed . For instance in Table
`where digital variable gains 802 G1 , G2 . . . GN are applied .
`2 , for Index 010 and Index 011 , Pattern 3 has more pilot
`to subchannels 804 that may have different MCSs with
`symbols compared to Pattern 2 . The code rate of Index 010
`different transmission power levels . Analog domain gain
`accommo
`806 Ga is used to control the total transmission power signal
`date the extra pilot symbols . In one embodiment , more
`processes to meet the requirements of the transmission
`significant bits in the CQI index are protected with stronger
`power of the device . In FIG . 8 , after variable gains are
`error protection code on the return channel .
`applied to subchannels 804 , they are inputted to the inverse
`TABLE 2
`discrete Fourier transform ( IDFT ) module . The outputs from
`the IDFT are the time domain signals , which are converted
`Another example of AMCTP or CQI table .
`from parallel to sequential signals after a cyclic prefix is
`added to them .
`Index ( Gray
`Code
`Training
`40
`Table 1 is an example of a general AMCTP table ( or COI
`Rate
`Pilot
`table ) . It should be noted that some pilot patterns in the table
`1 / 4
`Pattern 1
`can be the same . The total number of indexes used to
`Pattern 2
`112
`represent different combinations of the joint adaptation
`716
`Pattern 3
`process can be different for AMCTP index and CQI index . 16
`112
`Pattern 2
`V16
`Pattern 3
`For instance , it is not necessary to send absolute transmis
`2 / 3
`Pattern 2
`sion power information to the receiver ( s ) . Some AMCTP
`5 / 6
`Pattern 3
`information , such as relative power control or code rate , can
`Pattern 3
`576
`be embedded in the data transmission instead of being
`conveyed in the AMCTP index .
`TABLE 1
`An example of general AMCTP .
`
`Modulation
`QPSK
`OPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`000
`010
`011
`001
`101
`111
`110
`100
`
`Transmit
`Power
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max
`Max - X
`
`50
`
`Case 2:22-cv-11408-TGB ECF No. 10-4, PageID.114 Filed 07/20/22 Page 13 of 16
`
`Index
`
`Modulation
`
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`QPSK
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`16QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`64QAM
`
`NFO Ova AWN
`
`Code
`Rate
`1 / 16
`1 / 8
`
`Training
`Pilot
`
`Pattern 1
`Pattern 2
`Pattern 3
`Pattern 4
`Pattern 5
`Pattern 6
`Pattern 7
`Pattern 8
`Pattern 9
`Pattern 10
`Pattern 11
`Pattern 12
`
`Transmit
`Transmit
`Power
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`+
`
`Max - lx
`
`60
`
`Other factors that can be used in the adaptation process
`include modulation constellation arrangements , transmitter
`antenna techniques , and subchannel configuration in a multi
`carrier system .
`For some modulation schemes such as 16QAM and
`55 64QAM , how information bits are mapped to a symbol
`determines the modulation schemes ' reliability . In one
`embodiment , constellation arrangement is adjusted in the
`adaptation process to achieve a better system performance ,
`especially during retransmission in a hybrid ARQ process .
`Some multiple antenna techniques , such as transmission
`diversity , are used to improve the transmission robustness
`against fading channel effects , whereas other multiple
`antenna techniques such as multiple - input multiple - output
`( MIMO ) schemes are used to improve transmission through
`65 put in favorable channel conditions . In one embodiment of
`the adaptive transmissions the antenna technique used for a
`transmission is determined by the adaptation process .
`
`

`

`US 10 , 075 , 941 B2
`
`the received probing sequence . This is especially effective
`In a multi - carrier multi - cell communication system , when
`for TDD systems due to the reciprocity of the channel
`all subcarriers in one subchannel are adjacent or close to
`conditions on forward and reverse channels .
`each other , they are more likely to
`fall in the coherent
`The AMCTP indicator or CQI can be sent per user or per
`bandwidth of a fading channel ; thus they can be allocated to
`users that are either fixed in location or are move slowly . On 5 subchannel . In one embodiment if per subchannel feedback
`the other hand , when subcarriers and / or subchannels that
`is employed , since the AMCTP and COI information for the
`belong to one user are scattered in the frequency domain , it
`same users are highly correlated , first the source coding is
`results in higher diversity gains for the fast moving users ,
`employed to compress the CQI , and then the error correction
`and a better interference averaging effect .
`coding is applied to the compressed CQI to provide suffi
`Given the fact that different configurations of subchannel 10 cient error protection .
`compositions are suitable for different scenarios or user
`In another embodiment , in hybrid ARQ retransmission ,
`profiles , subchannel configuration is included in the trans -
`the transmitter may not use the requested CQI for the
`mission adaptation process . In one embodiment , the sub -
`retransmission , while it may use the requested CQI for a new
`channel configuration information is broadcast on the com -
`packet transmission . Instead , in this embodiment , it selects
`mon forward control channel to all users such that each user 15 an AMCTP scheme that is appropriate for the retransmission
`is informed of its subchannel configuration .
`at the same power level as in the previous transmission ( s ) ,
`In another embodiment , the subchannel configuration is
`in order to reduce interference with other users .
`adjusted according to deployment scenarios . For instance ,
`It should be pointed out that the AMCTP index used for
`when a base station is newly deployed with less interference ,
`the transmission from the transmitter to the receiver may be
`one form of subchannel configuration is used , and when 20 different from the CQI that the receiver requested , because
`more users join the network or more adjacent base stations
`the transmitter may have other considerations such as qual
`are deployed , which results in stronger interference to the
`ity of service ( QoS ) for different users , network traffic load ,
`users in the system , a different subchannel configuration
`and power allocation limit .
`The above detailed description of the embodiments of the
`with better interference averaging effect is used .
`The following paragraphs describe a method of transmit - 25 invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the
`ting the control message between the transmitter and
`invention to the precise form disclosed above or to the
`receiver , when the AMCTP scheme is implemented . A
`particular field of usage mentioned in this disclosure . While
`forward control link is defined here as the transmission of
`specific embodiments of , and examples for , the invention are
`the AMCTP indicator from the transmitter to the receiver ,
`described above for illustrative purposes , various equivalent
`and a return control channel is defined as the transmission of 30 modifications are possible within the scope of the invention ,
`CQI , as the feedback information , from the receiver to the
`as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize . Also , the
`teachings of the inven