Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 1 of 31
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`Exhibit 4
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 2 of 31
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`BELL NORTHERN RESEARCH LLC’S DISCLOSURE OF ASSERTED CLAIMS AND INFRINGEMENT CONTENTIONS
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`
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`U.S. Patent No. RE 48,629 – HMD America, Inc. and HMD Global Oy (“HMD”)
`Claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, and 27
`Bell Northern Research, LLC (“BNR”) provides evidence of infringement of claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, and 27 of U.S. Patent No.
`RE 48,629 (hereinafter “the ’629 patent”) by HMD America, Inc. and HMD Global Oy (“Defendant”). In support thereof, BNR provides the following
`claim charts.
`“Accused Instrumentalities” as used herein refers to at least the Nokia G50 and the Nokia 1, Nokia 1 Plus, Nokia 1.3, Nokia 1.4, Nokia 2,
`Nokia 2 V, Nokia 2 V Tella, Nokia 2.1, Nokia 2.2, Nokia 2.3, Nokia 2.4, Nokia 3, Nokia 3 V, Nokia 3.1, Nokia 3.1 Plus, Nokia 3.1 C, Nokia 3.1 A,
`Nokia 3.2, Nokia 3.4, Nokia 4.2, Nokia 5, Nokia 5.1, Nokia 5.1 Plus, Nokia 5.3, Nokia 5.4, Nokia 6, Nokia 6.1, Nokia 6.1 Plus, Nokia 6.2, Nokia 7,
`Nokia 7 Plus, Nokia 7.1, Nokia 7.2, Nokia 8, Nokia 8 Sirocco, Nokia 8V 5G UW, Nokia 8.1, Nokia 8.3 5G, Nokia 9 PureView, Nokia 225 4G, Nokia
`800 Tough, Nokia 8110 4G, Nokia 2720 V Flip, Nokia 2760 Flip, Nokia 6300 4G, Nokia C1, Nokia C1 Plus, Nokia C2, Nokia C2 Tennen, Nokia C2
`Tava, Nokia C3, Nokia C10, Nokia C20, Nokia C21, Nokia C30, Nokia C100, Nokia C200, Nokia C2 Tava, Nokia G10, Nokia G11 Plus, Nokia
`G20, Nokia G21, Nokia G300 5G, Nokia X71, Nokia T10, Nokia T20, Nokia XR20, Nokia X100 5G, Nokia G100, Nokia G400 5G, Nokia 2780
`Flip. These claim charts demonstrate Defendant’s infringement by comparing each element of the asserted claims to corresponding components,
`aspects, and/or features of the Accused Instrumentalities. These claim charts are not intended to constitute an expert report on infringement. These
`claim charts include information provided by way of example, and not by way of limitation.
`
`The analysis set forth below is based only upon information from publicly available resources regarding the Accused Instrumentalities, as
`Defendant has not yet provided any non-public information. An analysis of Defendant’s (or other third parties’) technical documentation and/or
`software source code may assist in fully identifying all infringing features and functionalities. Accordingly, BNR reserves the right to supplement
`this infringement analysis once such information is made available to BNR. Furthermore, BNR reserves the right to revise this infringement analysis,
`as appropriate, upon issuance of a court order construing any terms recited in the asserted claims.
`
`BNR provides this evidence of infringement and related analysis without the benefit of claim construction or expert reports or discovery.
`BNR reserves the right to supplement, amend or otherwise modify this analysis and/or evidence based on any such claim construction or expert
`reports or discovery.
`
`Unless otherwise noted, BNR contends that Defendant directly infringes the ’629 patent in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(a) by selling, offering
`to sell, making, using, and/or importing the Accused Instrumentalities. The following exemplary analysis demonstrates that infringement. Unless
`otherwise noted, BNR further contends that the evidence below supports a finding of indirect infringement under 35 U.S.C. §§ 271(b) and/or (c), in
`conjunction with other evidence of liability under one or more of those subsections. Defendant makes, uses, sells, imports, or offers for sale in the
`United States, or has made, used, sold, imported, or offered for sale in the past, without authority, or induces others to make, use, sell, import, or offer
`for sale in the United States, or has induced others to make, use, sell, import, or offer for sale in the past, without authority products, equipment, or
`services that infringe claims 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14,19, 20 and 27 of the ’629 patent, including without limitation, the Accused Instrumentalities.
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 3 of 31
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`BELL NORTHERN RESEARCH, LLC’S DISCLOSURE OF ASSERTED CLAIMS AND INFRINGEMENT CONTENTIONS
`Unless otherwise noted, BNR believes and contends that each element of each claim asserted herein is literally met through Defendant’s
`
`provision of the Accused Instrumentalities. However, to the extent that Defendant attempts to allege that any asserted claim element is not literally
`met, BNR believes and contends that such elements are met under the doctrine of equivalents. More specifically, in its investigation and analysis of
`the Accused Instrumentalities, BNR did not identify any substantial differences between the elements of the patent claims and the corresponding
`features of the Accused Instrumentalities, as set forth herein. In each instance, the identified feature of the Accused Instrumentalities performs at
`least substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding claim element.
`To the extent the chart of an asserted claim relies on evidence about certain specifically identified Accused Instrumentalities, BNR asserts that,
`on information and belief, any similarly functioning instrumentalities also infringe the charted claim. BNR reserves the right to amend this infringement
`analysis based on other products made, used, sold, imported, or offered for sale by Defendant. BNR also reserves the right to amend this infringement
`analysis by citing other claims of the ’629 patent, not listed in the claim chart, that are infringed by the Accused Instrumentalities. BNR further reserves
`the right to amend this infringement analysis by adding, subtracting, or otherwise modifying content in the “Accused Instrumentalities” column of each
`chart.
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 4 of 31
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`Claim #1
`1. A wireless
`communications
`device, comprising:
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`Accused Instrumentalities
`The preamble is not limiting. To the extent that the preamble is considered limiting, the Accused
`Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communication device that implements the 802.11n standard
`(incorporated into IEEE Std. 802.11-2016) and new versions of 802.11 that are backwards compatible.
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 5 of 31
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`Source: https://www.nokia.com/phones/en_us/nokia-g-50/specs?sku=F16BYA1022007 (last visited Feb.
`3, 2023)
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 6 of 31
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`Source: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_11-2016.html (last visited Feb. 4, 2023)
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 7 of 31
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`[i] a signal generator
`that generates an
`extended long training
`sequence; and
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a signal generator that generates an extended long training
`sequence.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 includes a signal generator that generates an extended long training
`sequence in compliance with the 802.11n standard.
`
`
`
`20.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`
`The HT-LTF provides a means for the receiver to estimate the MIMO channel between the set of QAM
`mapper outputs (or, if STBC is applied, the STBC encoder outputs) and the receive chains. If the transmitter
`is providing training for exactly the space-time streams (spatial mapper inputs) used for the transmission
`of the PSDU, the number of training symbols, NLTF, is equal to the number of space-time streams, NSTS,
`except that for three space-time streams, four training symbols are required. If the transmitter is providing
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 8 of 31
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`training for more space-time streams (spatial mapper inputs) than the number used for the transmission of
`the PSDU, the number of training symbols is greater than the number of space-time streams. This latter
`case happens in a sounding PPDU.
`
`The HT-LTF portion has one or two parts. The first part consists of one, two, or four HT-LTFs that are
`necessary for demodulation of the HT-Data portion of the PPDU. These HT-LTFs are referred to as HT-
`DLTFs. The optional second part consists of zero, one, two, or four HT-LTFs that may be used to sound
`extra spatial dimensions of the MIMO channel that are not utilized by the HT-Data portion of the PPDU.
`These HT-LTFs are referred to as HT-ELTFs. If a receiver has not advertised its ability to receive HT-
`ELTFs, it shall either issue a PHY-RXEND.indicate(UnsupportedRate) primitive upon reception of a frame
`that includes HT-ELTFs or decode that frame. (When an HT packet includes one or more HT-ELTFs, it is
`optional for a receiver that has not advertised its capability to receive HT-ELTFs to decode the data portion
`of the PPDU.)
`
`...
`
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (20-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`
`
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1,
`1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –
`1, –1} (20-23)
`
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with
`+1 for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`Source: 802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`
`
`The HT-LTF provides a means for the receiver to estimate the MIMO channel between the set of QAM
`mapper outputs (or, if STBC is applied, the STBC encoder outputs) and the receive chains.
`...
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 9 of 31
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`The HT-LTF portion has one or two parts. The first part consists of one, two, or four HT-LTFs that are
`necessary for demodulation of the HT-Data portion of the PPDU. These HT-LTFs are referred to as HT-
`DLTFs. The optional second part consists of zero, one, two, or four HT-LTFs that may be used to sound
`extra spatial dimensions of the MIMO channel that are not utilized by the HT-Data portion of the PPDU.
`These HT-LTFs are referred to as HT-ELTFs.
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2368)
`
`
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`
`
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (19-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –
` (19-
`1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1}
`
`23)
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1
`for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2370)
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include an Inverse Fourier Transformer operatively coupled to the signal
`generator.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 includes an Inverse Fourier Transformer operatively coupled to the signal
`generator in compliance with the 802.11n standard.
`
`
`See, e.g.:
`
`
`The generation of HT-DLTFs is shown in Figure 20-9. The generation of HT-ELTFs is shown in
`Figure 20-10. In these figures, and in the following text, the following notational conventions are
`used:
`
`[ii] an Inverse Fourier
`Transformer
`operatively coupled to
`the signal generator,
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 10 of
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`— [X] m , n indicates the element in row m and column n of matrix X
`— [X] N indicates a matrix consisting of the first N columns of matrix X
`— [X] M , N indicates a matrix consisting of columns M through N of matrix X
`where
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`M ≤ N
`X is either Qk or PHTLTF
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`...
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 11 of
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`Source: 802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
`
`19.3.4 Overview of the PPDU encoding process
`
`
`The encoding process is composed of the steps described below. The following overview is intended to
`facilitate an understanding of the details of the convergence procedure:
`…
`b) Construct the PHY preamble SIGNAL fields from the appropriate fields of the TXVECTOR by
`adding tail bits, applying convolutional coding, formatting into one or more OFDM symbols, applying
`cyclic shifts, applying spatial processing, calculating an inverse Fourier transform for each OFDM
`symbol and transmit chain, and prepending a cyclic prefix or GI to each OFDM symbol in transmit chain.
`The number and placement of the PHY preamble SIGNAL fields depend on the frame format being
`used.
`
` Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2349)
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 12 of
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`[iii] wherein the
`Inverse Fourier
`Transformer processes
`the extended long
`training sequence from
`the signal generator
`and provides an
`optimal extended long
`training sequence with
`a minimal peak-to-
`average ratio, and
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include an Inverse Fourier Transformer that processes the extended long
`training sequence from the signal generator and provides an optimal extended long training sequence
`with a minimal peak-to-average ratio.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 includes an Inverse Fourier Transformer that processes the extended long
`training sequence from the signal generator and provides an optimal extended long training sequence
`with a minimal peak-to-average ratio in compliance with the 802.11n standard.
`
`See, e.g.:
`The generation of HT-DLTFs is shown in Figure 20-9. The generation of HT-ELTFs is shown in
`Figure 20-10. In these figures, and in the following text, the following notational conventions are
`used:
`— [X] m , n indicates the element in row m and column n of matrix X
`— [X] N indicates a matrix consisting of the first N columns of matrix X
`— [X] M , N indicates a matrix consisting of columns M through N of matrix X
`where
`
`M ≤ N
`X is either Qk or PHTLTF
`
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 13 of
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`Source: 802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 14 of
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`Source: 802.11-2016 (p. 2372)
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`It can be shown through a mathematical simulation that the extended long training sequence taught by
`the 802.11n-2009 and 802.11-2016 standards is optimal because it has a peak-to-average ratio of 3.6 dB.
`This peak-to-average ratio corresponds to the “minimal” peak-to-average power ratio of 3.6 dB as taught
`by the specification of the ’629 patent. (’629 patent at 5:30-35.)
`
`The generation of HT-DLTFs is shown below in Figure 19-9 of the 802.11n standard.
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`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2371)
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 15 of
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`[iv] wherein at least the
`optimal extended long
`training sequence is
`carried by a greater
`number of subcarriers
`than a standard
`wireless networking
`configuration for an
`Orthogonal Frequency
`Division Multiplexing
`scheme,
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`
`
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (19-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –
` (19-
`1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1}
`
`23)
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1
`for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2370)
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include at least the optimal extended long training sequence is carried by
`a greater number of subcarriers than a standard wireless networking configuration for an Orthogonal
`Frequency Division Multiplexing scheme.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 includes at least an optimal extended long training sequence that is carried
`by a greater number of subcarriers than a standard wireless networking configuration for an Orthogonal
`Frequency Division Multiplexing scheme in compliance with the 802.11n standard.
`
`
`See, e.g.:
`
`20.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (20-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`
`
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1,
`1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –
`1, –1} (20-23)
`
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1 for
`negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 16 of
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`802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
`
`The optimal extended long training sequence shown above uses 56 active OFDM subcarriers. This is a
`greater number of subcarriers than the 52 active subcarriers used by legacy (i.e., standard) wireless
`networking schemes such as 802.11a/g. (See ’629 patent at 2:24-26.)
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (19-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –
`(19-
`1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1}
`
`23)
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1
`for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2370)
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include the optimal extended long training sequence is carried by exactly
`56 active sub-carriers.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 includes an optimal extended long training sequence that is carried by
`exactly 56 active sub-carriers in compliance with the 802.11n standard.
`
`
`See, e.g.:
`20.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (20-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`
`
`[v] wherein the optimal
`extended long training
`sequence is carried by
`exactly 56 active sub-
`carriers, and
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`Case 1:22-cv-22706-RNS Document 154-4 Entered on FLSD Docket 03/14/2023 Page 17 of
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`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1,
`1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –
`1, –1} (20-23)
`
`Source: 802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (19-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –
`(19-
`1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1}
`
`23)
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1
`for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2370)
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include the optimal extended long training sequence is represented by
`encodings for indexed sub-carriers -28 to +28, excluding indexed sub-carrier 0 which is set to zero, as
`follows:
`
`
`[vi] wherein the
`optimal extended long
`training sequence is
`represented by
`encodings for indexed
`sub-carriers ˗28 to +28,
`excluding indexed sub-
`carrier 0 which is set to
`zero, as follows:
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`For example, the Nokia G50 includes, and in compliance with the 802.11n standard, an optimal extended
`long training sequence that is represented by encodings for indexed sub-carriers -28 to +28, excluding
`indexed sub-carrier 0 which is set to zero, as follows:
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`See, e.g.:
`20.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (20-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
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`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1,
`1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –
`1, –1} (20-23)
`
`802.11n-2009, Section 20.3.9.4.6; see also, e.g., 802.11-2016, Section 19.3.9.4.6
`
`19.3.9.4.6 HT-LTF definition
`...
`The HT-LTF sequence shown in Equation (19-23) is transmitted in the case of 20 MHz operation.
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`HT-LTF-28,28 = {1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, –1, –
`(19-23)
`1, 1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, –1, –1, –1, –1, 1, 1, –1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, 1, 1, 1, –1, –1}
`
`NOTE—This sequence is an extension of the L-LTF where the four extra subcarriers are filled with +1
`for negative frequencies and –1 for positive frequencies.
`
`
`Source: IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 (p. 2370)
`
`
`Claim #8
`8. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein a binary phase
`shift key encoding is
`used for each sub-
`carrier above the +26
`indexed sub-carrier and
`below the -26 indexed
`sub-carrier.
`
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein a
`binary phase shift key encoding is used for each sub-carrier above the +26 indexed sub-carrier and below
`the -26 indexed sub-carrier.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein a binary
`phase shift key encoding is used for each sub-carrier above the +26 indexed sub-carrier and below the
`-26 indexed sub-carrier.
`
`For further example, because the subcarriers used by the HT-LTF, HT-DLTF, and HT-ELTS sequences
`are all encoded as +1 or -1, the subcarriers are BPSK encoded. This includes each sub-carrier above the
`+26 indexed sub-carrier and below the -26 indexed sub-carrier.
`
`See claim 1[iv].
`
`
`Claim #9
`9. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`
`See claim 1.
`
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
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`wherein the Inverse
`Fourier Transformer
`comprises an Inverse
`Fast Fourier
`Transformer or an
`Inverse Discrete
`Fourier Transformer.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the Inverse Fourier Transformer comprises an Inverse Fast Fourier Transformer or an Inverse Discrete
`Fourier Transformer.
`
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein the
`Inverse Fourier Transformer comprises an Inverse Fast Fourier Transformer or an Inverse Discrete
`Fourier Transformer.
`
`See claim 1[ii].
`
`Claim #10
`10. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein the wireless
`communications device
`comprises one or more
`of the following: a
`personal digital
`assistant, a laptop
`computer, a personal
`computer, a processor,
`and a cellular phone.
`
`Claim #11
`11. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein the wireless
`communications device
`comprises a wireless
`mobile
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the wireless communications device comprises one or more of the following: a personal digital assistant,
`a laptop computer, a personal computer, a processor, and a cellular phone.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a cellular phone.
`
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the wireless communications device comprises a wireless mobile communications device.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless mobile communications device.
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`communications
`device.
`
`Claim #13
`13. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein the wireless
`communications device
`is backwards
`compatible with legacy
`wireless local area
`network devices.
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the wireless communications device is backwards compatible with legacy wireless local area network
`devices.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein the
`wireless communications device is backwards compatible with legacy wireless local area network
`devices.
`
`See, e.g.:
`
`19.1.1 Introduction to the HT PHY
`
`Clause 19 specifies the PHY entity for a high-throughput (HT) orthogonal frequency division
`multiplexing (OFDM) system.
`
`In addition to the requirements found in Clause 19, an HT STA shall be capable of transmitting and
`receiving frames that are compliant with the mandatory PHY specifications defined as follows:
`— In Clause 17 when the HT STA is operating in a 20 MHz channel width in the 5 GHz band
`— In Clause 16 and Clause 18 when the HT STA is operating in a 20 MHz channel width in the
`2.4 GHz band
`
`
`Source: 802.11-2016 Section 19.1.1
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`Claim #14
`14. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein the optimal
`extended long training
`sequence is longer than
`a long training
`sequence used by a
`legacy wireless local
`area network device in
`accordance with a
`legacy wireless
`networking protocol
`standard.
`
`Claim #19
`19. The wireless
`communications device
`according to claim 1,
`wherein the extended
`long training sequence
`or the optimal extended
`long training sequence
`is encoded using binary
`phase shift key
`encoding on each of the
`56 active subcarriers.
`
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the optimal extended long training sequence is longer than a long training sequence used by a legacy
`wireless local area network device in accordance with a legacy wireless networking protocol standard.
`
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein the
`optimal extended long training sequence is longer than a long training sequence used by a legacy
`wireless local area network device in accordance with a legacy wireless networking protocol standard.
`
`
`
`See claim 1[iv].
`
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein
`the extended long training sequence or the optimal extended long training sequence is encoded using
`binary phase shift key encoding on each of the 56 active subcarriers.
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, wherein the
`extended long training sequence or the optimal extended long training sequence is encoded using binary
`phase shift key encoding on each of the 56 active subcarriers.
`
`
`See claim 1[ii], [vi].
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`Claim #20
`20. The wireless
`communications
`device according to
`claim 1, comprising: a
`symbol mapper
`operatively coupled to
`the signal generator,
`wherein the symbol
`mapper receives
`coded bits and
`generates symbols for
`each of 64 subcarriers
`of an Orthogonal
`Frequency Division
`Multiplexing
`sequence.
`
`Accused Instrumentalities
`
`See claim 1.
`
`The Accused Instrumentalities include a wireless communications device according to claim 1,
`comprising: a symbol mapper operatively coupled to the signal generator, wherein the symbol mapper
`receives coded bits and generates symbols for each of 64 subcarriers of an Orthogonal Frequency
`Division Multiplexing sequence.
`
`
`For example, the Nokia G50 is a wireless communications device according to claim 1, comprising: a
`symbol mapper operatively coupled to the signal generator, wherein the symbol mapper receives coded
`bits and generates symbols for each of 64 subcarriers of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
`sequence.
`
`See, e.g.:
`
`20.3.3 Transmitter block diagram
`***
`f) Constellation mapper maps the sequence of bits in each spatial stream to constellation points (complex
`numbers).
`***
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`20.3.4 Overview of the PPDU encoding process
`***
`p) Map each of the complex numbers in each of the NST subcarriers in each of the OFDM symbols in each
`of the NSTS space-time streams to the NTX transmit chain inputs. For direct-mapped operation, NTX = NSTS ,
`and there is a one-to-one correspondence between space-time streams and transmit chains. In this case, the
`OFDM symbols associated with each space-time stream are also associated with the corresponding
`transmit chain. Otherwise, a spatial mapping matrix associated with each OFDM subcarrier, as indicated
`by the EXPANSION_MAT parameter of the TXVECTOR, is used to perform a linear transformation on
`the vector of NSTS complex numbers associated with each subcarrier in each OFDM symbol. This spatial
`mapping matrix maps the vector of NSTS complex numbers in each subcarrier into a vector of NTX complex
`numbers in each subcarrier. The sequence of NST complex numbers associated with each transmit chain
`(where each of the NST complex numbers is taken from the same position in the NTX vector of complex
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`numbers across the NST subcarriers associated with an OFDM symbol) constitutes an OFDM symbol
`associated with the corresponding transmit chain. For details, see 20.3.11.10. Spatial mapping matrices
`may include cyclic shifts, as described in 20.3.11.