Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 1 of 96 PageID #: 1826
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 1 of 96 PageID #: 1826
`
`
`
`
`
`EXHIBIT 1
`EXHIBIT 1
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 2 of 96 PageID #: 1827
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`C.A. No. 17-868-CFC-SRF
`
`
`
`
`
`UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
`MEDICAL SCHOOL and CARMEL
`LABORATORIES LLC,
`
` Plaintiffs,
`
`v.
`
`L’ORÉAL USA, INC.,
`
` Defendant.
`
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`)
`
`[PROPOSED] ORDER
`
`THIS MATTER having been brought before the Court on Motion by Defendant L’Oréal
`
`USA seeking supplementation of Plaintiffs’ infringement contentions and production of related
`
`testing information; and the Court having considered the parties’ positions as set forth in the letters
`
`submitted on December 4 and December 5, 2019, and during the December 9, 2019 hearing;
`
`IT IS on this _____ day of December, 2019, hereby:
`
`ORDERED that L’Oréal USA’s Motion is hereby GRANTED; and it is further
`
`ORDERED that Plaintiffs shall serve amended infringement contentions by December 20,
`
`2019, specifically identifying which information and/or documents provide the basis for how the
`
`Accused Products allegedly meet the claim language “wherein the adenosine concentration applied
`
`to the dermal cells is [recited amount]” and “without increasing dermal cell proliferation”;1 and it
`
`is further
`
`ORDERED that Plaintiffs shall produce by December 20, 2019, documents and
`
`information on which they are relying for their infringement contentions, including documents
`
`
`1 To the extent Plaintiffs contend that testing of one product provides the basis for their
`claim of infringement for another product, they must specify which tested product provides the
`basis of their claim of infringement for each untested product.
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 3 of 96 PageID #: 1828
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`regarding any underlying testing (e.g., the “
`
`”), testing conditions and
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`protocols, underlying data, other results, and laboratory notebooks.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`___________________________________
`Hon. Sherry R. Fallon, U.S.M.J.
`
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 4 of 96 PageID #: 1829
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 4 of 96 PageID #: 1829
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`
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`
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`EXHIBIT 2
`EXHIBIT 2
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`

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`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 5 of 96 PageID #: 1830
`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-min lmmllllllm
`lilllilllllilll 183°
`
`
`
`USOO6423327B]
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Dobson, Jr. et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,423,327 B1
`Jul. 23, 2002
`
`(54)
`
`'l'RI‘LA’l‘MEN'l‘ OI" SKIN WITH ADENOSINE
`OR ADENOSINE ANALOG
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: James G. Dobson, Jr., Auburn;
`Michael I". I'Lthler, Grafton, both of
`MA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: University of Massachusetts, Boston,
`MA (US)
`
`( ’ ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/672,348
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Sep. 28, 2000
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/179106, tiled on Oct.
`26. 1998. now abandoned.
`
`Im. CI.’ .................................................. A61K 7/00
`(51)
`
`(52) US. Cl.
`424/401; 424/447; 424/448;
`424/449; 514/46
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 424/407. 447.
`424/448. 449: 514/46
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`US. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`411113.756 A
`4.454.122 A
`5300340 A
`5.451.950 A
`5.618.544 A ‘
`5.770.582 A
`5.785.978 A ’
`5.821.237 A
`5,932,558 A
`5.998.423 A
`
`5/1978 Voorhccs .................... 424/180
`6/1984 Stramentionoli et al.
`424/180
`3/1995 Paunescu ct al.
`........ 424/1951
`
`10/1995 Mulligan et al.
`,
`435/1723
`4/1997 Brown ....................... 424/401
`0/1998 Von Borstcl el al.
`. 514/45
`
`424/401
`7/1998 Porter et al.
`
`.. 514/75
`10/1998 Bissetl et al.
`
`..
`.. 514/46
`8/1999 Crostein etal.
`............ 514/200
`12'1999 Manneth el al.
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`DE
`
`19545107
`
`‘
`
`0/1997
`
`OTl lER PUBLICATIONS
`
`llanzshtark et al. "file use of indentometry to study the efl‘ect
`of agents known to increase skin CAMP content. Experentia.
`41(3), 378—379, 1985.’
`
`Adair et al., "Vascular development in chick embryos: a
`possible role [or adenosine" American Physiological Soci-
`ety; U363—bl35;89 1989.
`Ahmed et al., “Presence of Both Al and A2 Adenosine
`Receptors in Human Cells and Their Interaction." Bio-
`chemical
`and Biophysical Research Communications,
`208:871—878, 1995.
`
`Ethicr et al., “Adenosinc Stimulation of DNA Synthesis in
`Human Endothelial Cells." The American Physiological
`Society, 2722111470—111479, 1997.
`
`Grove et al., “Optical profilometry: An objective method for
`quantification of facial wrinkles," Journal of the American
`Academy of Demiatology, 21:631—637. 1989.
`Gruber et al.. “Increased Adenosine Concentration in Blood
`l-‘rom lschemic Myocardium by AlCA Riboside." Circula-
`tion, 80:1400—1411. 1989.
`
`Kollias—Baker el al., Journal Pharmacology and Experimen-
`lal 'I'hcrapculics, 281: 761-768. 1997.
`
`Newby et al., Critical Evaluation of the Role of Ecto—and
`Cytosolic 5‘ Nucleotidasc in Adenosine Formation Topics
`and Perspectives in Adenosine Research, l55—168. 1987.
`
`Olsen 01 al. "Trctinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for
`photodamaged skin." Journal of the American Academy of
`Dermatology, 20:215-224. 1992.
`
`Olsen et al., "Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged
`skin: Results of 48—week, multicenter, double—bir studies,"
`Journal of
`the American Academy of Demiatology,
`237317-226, 1997.
`
`‘ cited by examiner
`
`l’n'mmjt' Examiner—Thu rman K. Page
`Assist/ml Examincriakshmi Channavajjala
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Finn—Fish & Richardson RC.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Methocb for enhancing the condition of non-diseased skin
`by application of compositions containing adenosine or an
`adenosine analog are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods
`[or increasing DNA synthesis or protein synthesis in dermal
`cells, and methods for
`increasing dermal cell sin. by
`application of compositions containing adenosinc.
`
`10 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`HUMAN SKIN FIBROBIASTS
`
`HUMAN LUNG HBROBLASTS
`
`150
`
` [3m THYMlDlh'k m
`
`INCORPORATION
`
`(sot-comm) 100
`
`75
`
`iii
`anenosrxr:
`(101“)
`
`~
`
`+
`
`ISO
`
`[311] rHvsnnmn '35
`INCORPORATION
`
`(s orcomot.) W w
`
`-
`
`ADliNOSlNE
`(104M)
`
`'
`
`+
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 6 of 96 PageID #: 1831
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 6 of 96 PageID #: 1831
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 23, 2002
`
`Sheet 1 of2
`
`US 6,423,327 B1
`
`HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS
`
`150
`
`[3H] THYMIDINE ‘25
`INCORPORATION
`(% OF CONTROL)
`
`100
`
`75
`
`50
`
`ADENOSINE
`(10414)
`
`'
`
`+
`
`FIG. 1A
`
`HUMAN LUNG FIBROBLASTS
`
`[3H] THYMIDINE ‘25
`INCORPORATION
`(% OF CONTROL) 100
`
`150
`
`75
`
`50
`
`ADENOSINI-l
`(104M)
`
`'
`
`+
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 7 of 96 PageID #: 1832
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 7 of 96 PageID #: 1832
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jul. 23, 2002
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
`
`US 6,423,327 B1
`
`YOUNG DONOR
`
`BB] PHENYLALANINE
`INCORPORATION
`(% OF CONTROL)
`
`I20
`
`110
`
`100
`
`90
`
`80
`
`.‘ .' . ,- '-’..'
`0
`
`..'.'C ' .‘ .'
`-6
`
`
`
`' .- : ‘
`—5
`
`‘ .'
`
`.
`
`-4
`
`.
`BR] PHENYLALANINE
`INCORPORATION
`(% OF CONTROL)
`
`[ADENOSINE] (M)
`
`FIG. 2A
`
`AGED DONOR
`
`120
`
`*
`
`*
`
`110
`
`100
`
`80
`
`90
`
`[ADENOSINE] (M)
`
`FIG. 2B
`
`

`

`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 8 of 96 PageID #: 1833
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 8 of 96 PageID #: 1833
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`
`
`US 6,423,327 B1
`
`
`
`2
`
`5
`
`
`ll}
`
`
`
`l5
`
`
`
`2 U
`
`
`
`
`Also provided in the invention is a method of increasing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cell size in a dermal cell in non-diseased skin of a mammal,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`e.g.. a human. The method includes tepically administering
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a composition including a therapeutically effective amount
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of adenosine to a region of skin of the mammal containing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`the dermal cell, wherein addition of the adenosine does not
`
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`
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`cause proliferation of the dermal cell, wherein addition of
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`
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`the adenosine does not cause proliferation of the dermal cell.
`
`
`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`The invention also includes a method for enhancing skin
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`condition in a mammal, eg. a human. The method includes
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`providing fibroblasts from the mammal ex vivo, culturing
`
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`
`
`
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`the fibroblasts in the presence of adenosine, and reintroduc-
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`
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`
`
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`
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`ing the fibroblasts into the mammal.
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`
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`The therapeutically effective amount of adenosine used in
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`
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`
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`the above-described methods is preferably 10‘3 M to 10-7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M, more preferably 10'3 M to 10'" M, and most preferably
`
`
`
`
`
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`about I0"' M.
`
`
`
`The composition used in the above-described methods
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`
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`
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`can include a second agent in addition to adenosine. The
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`second agent can be, e.g. an agent that promotes binding of
`
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`
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`adenosine or an adenosine analog to an adenosine receptor.
`
`
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`
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`an angiogenic factor such as vascular endothelial cell growth
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`
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`factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), an
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`agent that itself enhances skin condition, such as tretoinin or
`
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`another known conditioning agent such as an emollient, a
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`lJutncclanl, or an owlusive agent.
`
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`In preferred embodiments of the invention, the adenosine
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`
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`
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`or an adenosine analog does not promote skin cell prolif-
`
`
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`
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`
`
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`eration.
`
`The invention also provides a composition including
`
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`
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`about 10"3 M to about [0'7 M adenosine and a therapeuti—
`cally elthive amount of an angiogenesis factor. In some
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`
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`embodiments, the composition of the adenosine is about
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`or" M.
`
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`As. used herein, “enhancement of skin condition" means
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`a noticeable decrease in the amount of wrinkling, roughness,
`
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`
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`dryness, laxity, sallowness, or pigmentary mottling in skin.
`
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`As used herein, a "therapeutically reflective amount” of
`
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`adenosine or an adenosine analog means an amount that
`
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`enhances skin condition when applied to skin.
`
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`As used herein, "non-diseased skin" means skin free of
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`any proliferative disorder observable by visual inspection.
`
`
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`
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`The present
`invention advantageously allows for
`
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`
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`enhancement of skin condition. This results in skin that
`
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`
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`shows a less wrinkled,
`rough, or dry complexion. For
`
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`
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`example, the invention provides for enhancing the condition
`
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`of skin damaged due to exposure to the sun or skin whose
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`condition has deteriorated due to normal aging.
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`Unless otherwise defined. all
`technical and scientific
`
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`
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`terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly
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`understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this
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`invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar
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`or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the
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`practice or testing of the present invention. suitable methods
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`‘ and materials are described below. All publications, patent
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`applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein
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`are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of
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`conflict, the present specification. including definitions, will
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`control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples
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`are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
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`Other feanires and advantages of this invention will be
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`apparent from the following description of-the preferred
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`embodiments thereof. and from the claims.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`FIGS. 1A and 1B are histograms showing the elfect of
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`adenosine on [3H1thymidine incorporation in cultures of
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`1
`TRFA’IMENT 0F SKIN WITH ADENOSINE
`
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`0R ADENOSINE ANALOG
`
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`This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`09;”179306, filed Oct. 26, 1998, now abandoned.
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`STATEMENT AS TO FEDERALLY SPONSORED
`
`
`
`
`RESEARCH
`
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`Work on this invention was supported by funds from the
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`United States government (Public Health Service Grants
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`Ills-228$ and AG-11491). The government therefore has
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`certain rights in this invention.
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`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
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`This invention relates to dermatology and cell biology.
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`BACKGROUND OI" 'I'IIIi IN VEN'I'ION
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`Skin includes a surface layer, known as the epidermis, and
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`a deeper connective tissue layer, known as the dermis. The
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`epidermis undergoes continuous turnover as the outermost
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`cclLs are exfoliated and replaced by cells that arise from
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`inner dermal layers. The dermis is composed of a variety of
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`cell types. including fibroblasts.
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`Skin thickness begins to decline in humans after the age
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`of 20 as the dermis becomes thinner and the number of skin
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`fibroblasts declines. As skin ages, or is exposed to UV light
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`and other environmental insults, changes in the underlying
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`dermis can lead to the functional and morphological changes
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`associated with damaged skin. Decreases in the abundance
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`and function of products of the fibroblasts, which include
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`collagen and proteoglycans, are believed to play major roles
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`in wrinkled and damaged skin.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
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`We have discovered that adenosine stimulates DNA
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`synthesis, increases protein synthesis, and increases cell size
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`in cultures of human skin fibroblasts. Based on this
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`discovery, the invention provides methods and compositions
`
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`for enhancing the condition of skin.
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`In general, the invention provides a method for enhancing
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`the Condition of non-diseased skirt of a mammal, c.g., a
`
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`human. The method includes topically applying a therapeu-
`
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`tically efl’cctive amount of a composition including adenos-
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`
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`ine or an adenosinc analog to non-diseased skin of the
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`mammal.
`
`The invention also provides a method for promoting
`
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`healing of broken, non-diseased skin in a mammal by
`
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`topically administering a composition including a therapeu-
`
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`tically effective amount of adenosine or an adenosine analog
`
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`to the mammal.
`
`
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`Also included in the invention is a method for increasing
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
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`DNA synthesis in a dermal cell of non-diseased skin of a
`
`
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`mammal. The method includes topically administering a
`
`
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`
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`therapeutically effective amount of adenosinc or an adenos-
`
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`ine analog to a region of non-diseased skin of the mammal
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`containing dermal cell. The adenosine is added so that it
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`does not cause proliferation of the dermal cell.
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`The invention also features a method of increasing protein
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`synthesis in a dermal cell of non-diseased skin of a mammal.
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`The method includes topically administering a composition
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`including a therapeutically effective amount of adenosinc or
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`an adenosine analog to a region of skin of the mammal
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`containing the dermal cell. The adenosine or adenosine
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`analog does not cause proliferation of the dermal cell.
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`5E}
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`60
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`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 9 of 96 PageID #: 1834
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 9 of 96 PageID #: 1834
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`US 6,423,327 B1
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`It}
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`3
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`normal human skin (FIG. 1A) and lung fibroblasts (FIG.
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`18). After incubation in serumd‘ree medium for 24 hours,
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`cells were exposed to 10‘4 M adenosine for 18 hours.
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`Medium was replaced with serum~frec medium without
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`adenosine, and [Sll]thymidine was added. Results are
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`expressed as percent [3H]thy‘midine incorporation compared
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`to control cultures without adenosine and are means:SEM
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`[or 4—5 experiments. "*" denotes value was significantly
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`dilIcrent [tom control value without adenosinc.
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`HOS. 2A and 23 are histograms showing concentration
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`responses of adenosine-stimulated protein synthesis in
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`human skin fibroblasts from a young (FIG. 2A) and aged
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`(FIG. 23) donor. Cells were grown to 75% confluence.
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`Medium was then replaced with serum—free medium with or
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`without adenosine. After 48 hours, [3l-llphcnylalartine incor-
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`poration was determined as described. Results are expressed
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`as ‘36 [3H1pheriylalanine incorporation compared to control
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`cultures without adenosine and are means:SliM for 6-25
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`experiments. “*" denotes value was significantly dilIerent
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`from control value without adenositte.
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`The invention is suitable for treating skin of a mammal,
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`e.g., a human, for which promotion of fibroblast-associated
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`dermal functions is desired. For example, promorion of '
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`fibroblast—associated functions is desirable in enhancing the
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`condition of aged slo'n. which is associated with a decrease
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`in dermal cell function and is characterized by increased
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`dryness or roughness, or both. The method can also be used
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`on subjects having otherwise damaged skin, e.g., wrinkled
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`skin and skin with a non-proliferative disorder. The method
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`can may further be used prophylactically on a subject to
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`minimize deterioration of skin condition associated with
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`aging or environmental factors, such as photodamage.
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`Adenosine and suitable adenosino analogs are suitable for
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`use in enhancing skin condition. Adenosine analogs such as
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`adenosirle agonists, adenosine receptor agonists. and corn—
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`pounds that irtcrcasc intracellular or extracellular adenosinc
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`levels are suitable for use in the invention.
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`Agcnists of adenosine include Z'deoxyadenosine; 2',
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`3'-isopropoylidene adenosine:
`toyocamyein;
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`l-methyladenosine; N-6-mcthyladcnosinc; adenosine
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`N-oxide; 6-mcthylmercaptopurine riboside; (i-chloropurinc
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`riboside. S'adenosine monophosphate. 5'-adenosine
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`diphosphate, or 5'-adenosine triphosphale. Adenosine recep-
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`tor agonists include phenylisopropyl-adenosinc (“PIA”),
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`l-Methylisoguanosine,
`(S(-).
`ENBA
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`N“-Cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), N‘i-Cyclopentyladenosine
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`(CPA), 2~Chloro—N6vcyclopentyladcnosine,
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`2—chloroadenosine, and adenosine amine eongcncr(ADAC),
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`all of which are agonists for the adenosine A] receptor. Other
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`receptor agonists include 2-p-(2-carboxy-ethyl) phenothyl-
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`amino-5‘-N-clbyIcarboxamido-adcnosinc (COS-21680),
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`N-ethylearboxamido-ade nosine {NECA} and napthyl-
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`substituted aralkoxyadenosine (SHA-OBZ), 5'
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`(N-Cyclopropyl)-carboxamidoadcnosine, DPMA (PD 129,
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`944), MelriFudil, which are agonists for the adenosine A:
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`receptor. Other adenosine receptor agonists include those
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`which preferentially bind the A, receptor relative to the A:
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`receptor, such as 2—Chloroadcnosine, NG—Phenyladeoosine,
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`and Nfi-Phcnylcthyladenosine; and those which preferen-
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`tially bind the A2 receptor relative to the A, receptor, such
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`as 2-Phenylaminoadenosine and MEGA.
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`Also suitable for use are compounds that increase intra-
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`cellular adenosine concentration by inhibiting the cellular
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`uptake of adenosine or the breakdown of adenosine. One
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`4
`pathway of adenosine metabolism is the conversion of
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`adenosine to inosine by adenosinc deaminase. An example
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`of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor is erythro-9-(2-
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`hydroxy~3~nonyljt adenine (“EllNA”). Adenosine kinase
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`inhibitors can also be used. Adenosirte kinase converts
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`adeuosiue to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine
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`kinase. An example of an adenosinc kinasc inhibitor is
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`iodotubercitlin. Other suitable compounds include those that
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`inhibit
`the dipyridamole-sensitivc nucleoside transporter,
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`which exports adenosinc from the cytoplasm, and agents
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`that promote the activity of a 5'-nucleolidase, e.g.,
`the
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`A'I'P-activaled 5'-nueleotidase, which forms adenosine.
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`Compounds that increase tissue adenosine and ATP levels
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`include acadcsine (AICA-riboside), which is described in
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`Gruber et al., Circulation 801400—1411 (1989).
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`Adenosine can be also be administered with a second
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`compound. The second compound can enhance the action of
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`adenosine or the adenosine analog, egg... by enhancing bind-
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`ing of adenosine or an adenosine analog to an adenosine
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`receptor. An example of such a compound is PD 8], 738,
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`which is described in Kodias-Baker et at. J . Pharmacol. Exp.
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`Ther. 281:761v68. Alternatively, the second agent can itself
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`act to enhance skin condition. Examples of these types of
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`agents include tretinoin, a recognized skin conditioning
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`agent (see. eg. Olsen et al.. J. ARIEL Acad. Dermatolr
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`37:217—26, 1997), an angiogenic factor such as vascular
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`endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast
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`growth factor (Bl-'61:). or a conditioning agent.
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`The second compound can also be a conditioning agent
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`such as art emollient, humectnnt, or occlusive agent. Numer-
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`ous examples of particular conditioning agents are provided
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`in the CFFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook (Cosmetic
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`Toiletries and Fragrances Association, Washington, D.D.,
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`1988). Emollicnts help to maintain the soft. smooth, and
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`pliable appearance of skin and function by remaining on the
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`skin surface or in the stratum corneum to act as lubricants,
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`to reduce flaking, and to improve the skin's appearance.
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`Examples of emollients include acetyl trioctyl citrate. cetyl
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`alcohol, hutyl myristate, cetyl alcohol, and mineral oil.
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`llumectants act to increase the water content of the top
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`layers of the skin. {Iornectants include, e.g., acctamidc
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`MBA, fructose, and xylitol. Occlusive agents inhibit
`the
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`evaporation of water from skin, thereby increasing the water
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`contend of the skin. Acctylatcd castor oil, mineral oil, and
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`lauryl stearate are examples of occlusive agents.
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`A subject can be treated by applying adenosinc or at]
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`adenosine analog in a pharmaceutical composition in an
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`effective amount and for a period of time sufficient
`to
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`improve the condition of the skin.
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`The pharmaceutical composition may be formulated
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`using conventional methods to prepare pharmaceutically
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`useful compositions. Such compositions preferably include
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`least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as
`at
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`those described in Remington‘s Pharmaceutical Sciences (E.
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`W. Martin). In addition. the compositions preferably include
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`a pharmaceutically acceptable bulIer, preferably phosphate
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`buffered saline, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable
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`compound for adjusting isotonic pressure, such as.
`for
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`example, sodium chloride, mannitol, or sorbitol.
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`Adenosine or an adettosine agonist can also be provided
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`in carriers and adjuvants such as ion exchangers, alumina,
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`aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human
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`serum albumin, bufi'cr substances, such as phosphates,
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`glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbatc, partial glycctidc
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`mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or
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`electrolytes, such as protantine sulfate, disodium hydrogen
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`IS
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`2 U
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`'nu-
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`45
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`5E}
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`Case 1:17-cv-00868-CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 10 of 96 PageID #: 1835
`Case 1:17-cv-00868—CFC-SRF Document 71-1 Filed 12/11/19 Page 10 of 96 PageID #: 1835
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`US 6,423,327 B1
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`6
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`profile. Astatistically significant decline (cg. P<0.05) in RI,
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`and R_, values in skin treated with adenosine or an adenosine
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`analog compared to untreated skin indicates an enhancement
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`of skin condition.
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`Fibroblasts treated with adenosine or adenosine analogs
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`can also be incorporated into a matrix and implanted in the
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`body, e.g.. as part of a skin graft. In addition, fibroblasts can
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`be genetically engineered ex vivo to increase the amount of
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`intracellular adenosinc levels and then re-introduced into a
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`human patient. (See, for example, Anderson et al. US. Pat.
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`No. 5,399,349; and Mulligan & Wilson, 0.5. Pat. No.
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`5,460,959, each of which is incorporated by reference herein
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`in its entirety).
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`ll}
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`5E}
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`5
`phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride.
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`zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl
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`pyrrolidone. cellulose-based substances and polyethylene
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`glycol. Adjuvams for topical or gel base forms of adenosine
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`or adenosine analogs may, for example, be selected from the
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`group consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
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`polyacrylates, polyoxythylene-polyoxypropylcne-bloek
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`polymers, polyethylene glycol and wood wax alcohols. For
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`all administrations, conventional depot forms may be used.
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`The adenosine or adenosine analog-containing composi-
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`tions may be in any pharrnaceutically acceptable dosage
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`form. They are preferably applied by topical routes to exert
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`local therapeutic effects. For topical application, the pen—
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`citation of the adenosine into skin tissue may be enhanced
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`by a variety of methods known to those of ordinary skill in
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`the art. For example, adenosine may be applied directly and
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`mechanically rubbed into the skin. Alternatively, adenosine
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`or adenosine analogs may be incorporated into a transdcrrnal
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`patch that is applied to the skin. Preferably, the penetration
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`resulting from these methods is enhanced with a chemical
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`transderrnal delivery agent such as dimethyl sulfoxide
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`(DMSO) or the nonionic surfactant. n-decylmethyl sulfoxide
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`(NDMS), as described in Choi et al.. Pharmaceutical Res,
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`7(11}:1099. 1990.
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`Other modes of administration include, e.g., oral.
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`subdermal, intraderrnal, or intravenous. When oral admin-
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`istration is used. it is critical that the adenosine or adenosine
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`analog he delivered to that it is not degraded prior to exiting
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`the digestive system.
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`The most effective mode of administration and dosage
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`regimen of adenosine or the adenosine analog will depend
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`upon the skin condition. previous therapy,
`the subject's
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`health status. response to the adenosine, the judgment of the
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`treating physician and the mode in which the adenosine is
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`nu-
`applied. For example, dosages for a therapeutically effective _
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`amount for topical application would be in the range of 100
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`rig to 10 mg per treated surface area per day. The adenosine
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`may be administered to the patient at one time or over a
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`series of treatments. When adenosine or the adenosine
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`analog is administered in conjunction with a second agent,
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`they can be administered either concurrently or sequentially.
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`and can be administered in the same mode or a different
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`mode, e.g., topical or oral.
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`Adenosinc or an adenosinc analog enhances skin mndi-
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`tion when there is a noticeable decrease in noticeable
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`decrease in the amount of wrinkling. roughness, dryness,
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`laxity, sallowness. or pigmentary mottling ot‘ the treated
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`skin. Methods of measuring improvemean in skin condition
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`are well known in the art (soc, e.g., Olsen et al., J. Amer.
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`Acad. Dermatol. 26215—24, 1992). and can include subjec~
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`tive evaluations by the patient or a second party, c.g., a
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`treating physician. Objective methods can include skin
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`topography measurements. such as those described in Grove
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`et al., J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 21:631—3’7 (1989). In skin
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`topography measurements, silicone rubber replicas are made
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`ofa small area of skin, eg, a 1 cm diameter circular area.
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`The silicone rubber replicas capture fine lines and wrinkles
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`on the skin. ”These specimens are then analyzed usingI
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`computerized digital image pmcessing to provide an objec-
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`tive measurement of the skin’s topography. Skin topography
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`measurements generated following digital—image processing
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`can be measured using the values R,I and R; as described in
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`Olsen et al., J. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 37:217—26, 1997,
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`where Ra represean the area of deviation of skin surface
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`features above and below an average central line. and R:
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`represents the ditference between the maximum and mini-
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`mum heights in five equal segments of the skin surface
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`Experimental Information
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`Cell Culture
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`Human skin fibroblasts and human lung fibroblasts were
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`supplied by the N.I.A. Aging Culture Repository Center
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`(Camden. NJ). For skin fibroblasts, primary cultures had
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`been initiated from explants obtained from a. 3 mm punch
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`biopsy of the mesial aspect of the upper left arm. Human
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`In ng fibroblasts (lMR-QO) were established from a 16-week
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`normal female fetus. All cells displayed a normal diploid
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`karyotype and all cells tested negative for bacteria. fungi and
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`myooplasma contamination.
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`Cells were grown in Eagle‘s minimal essential medium
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`(MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum