`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 1 of 16 PagelD #: 16548
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`EXHIBIT I
`EXHIBIT I
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 2 of 16 PageID #: 16549
`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 2 of 16 PagelD #: 16549
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`EXHIBIT 1
`EXHIBIT 1
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 3 of 16 PageID #: 16550
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 1 of 14
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`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`
`No
`
`C 09-5360 VRW
`ORDER
`
`DATA RETRIEVAL TECHNOLOGY, LLC,
`Plaintiff,
`v
`SYBASE, INC and INFORMATICA
`CORPORATION,
`
`Defendants.
` /
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`The court held a hearing in the above-captioned case
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`(“DRT II”) on January 19, 2011 to construe disputed terms in United
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`States Patent Nos 5,802,511 (“’511 Patent”) and 6,625,617 (“’617
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`Patent”). Both patents describe computer-implemented methods for
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`retrieving information stored in databases without the need for
`human analysis of the source data. Data Retrieval Technology LLC
`(“DRT”) alleges that Sybase Incorporated (“Sybase”) and Informatica
`Corporation (“Informatica”) infringe both patents, Doc #13, and
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`For the Northern District of California
`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 4 of 16 PageID #: 16551
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 2 of 14
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`this order addresses the claim construction of both patents. The
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`court previously construed terms in a related case, Data Retrieval
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`Technology LLC v Sybase Inc & Informatica Corporation, Doc #146 in
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`08-5481 VRW (Nov 8, 2010) (“DRT I”), focusing on related United
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`States Patent Nos 6,026,392 (“’392 Patent”) and 6,631,382 (“’382
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`Patent”).
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`I
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`Claim construction is an issue of law and it begins “with
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`the words of the claim.” Nystrom v TREX Co, Inc, 424 F3d 1136,
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`1142 (Fed Cir 2005). Claim terms are “generally given their
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`ordinary and customary meaning” unless the patent specification or
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`file history contains a clearly stated “special definition.”
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`Vitronics Corp v Conceptronic, Inc, 90 F3d 1576, 1582 (Fed Cir
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`1996). The scope of the claim is determined by the claim language.
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`Crystal Semiconductor Corp v TriTech Microelectronics International
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`Inc, 246 F3d 1336, 1347 (Fed Cir 2001).
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`“[T]he ordinary and customary meaning of a claim term is
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`the meaning that the term would have to a person of ordinary skill
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`in the art in question at the time of the invention.” Phillips v
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`AWH Corp, 415 F3d 1303, 1313 (Fed Cir 2005). Such a person
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`understands the claim term by “looking at the ordinary meaning in
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`the context of the written description and the prosecution
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`history.” Medrad, Inc v MRI Devices Corp, 401 F3d 1313, 1319 (Fed
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`Cir 2005). References to “preferred embodiments” in the written
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`description and prosecution history are not claim limitations.
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`Laitram Corp v Cambridge Wire Cloth Co, 863 F2d 855, 865 (Fed Cir
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`1988).
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 5 of 16 PageID #: 16552
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 3 of 14
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`It is appropriate “for a court to consult trustworthy
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`extrinsic evidence to ensure that the claim construction it is
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`tending to from the patent file is not inconsistent with clearly
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`expressed, plainly apposite and widely held understandings in the
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`pertinent technical field.” Pitney Bowes, Inc v Hewlett-Packard
`Co, 182 F3d 1298, 1309 (Fed Cir 1999). Extrinsic evidence
`“consists of all evidence external to the patent and prosecution
`history, including expert and inventor testimony, dictionaries, and
`learned treatises.” Phillips, 415 F3d at 1317. All extrinsic
`evidence should be evaluated in light of the intrinsic evidence.
`Id at 1319.
`With these principles in mind, the court now turns to the
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`construction of the disputed claim language of the ’511 and ’617
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`Patents.
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`II
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`Timeline, Inc is the original owner of the ’511 and ’617
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`Patents as well as the patents at issue in DRT I. The parties
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`refer to the patents collectively as the “Timeline Patents” and
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`agree the patents are “closely related.” Doc #50 at 5,7; Doc #54
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`at 6. Many of the terms disputed in this case were previously
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`construed in the Western District of Washington, Timeline Inc v
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`Proclarity Corp, 2:05-1013 JLR (WD Wash June 29, 2006 & Jan 31,
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`2007).
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`The ’511 Patent “relates to a system which achieves
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`access to stored information, e g, for accessing information or for
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`achieving coordination and/or combination of information in two
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`different information storage systems.” ’511 Patent at 2:66-3:2.
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 6 of 16 PageID #: 16553
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 4 of 14
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`The ’617 Patent “relates to a computer-implemented system which is
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`able to retrieve information stored in one or more of a number of
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`different sources and which may be in any of a number of different
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`formats and/or provide reports and analysis based on the
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`information, and in particular to a computer method and apparatus
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`which can automatically retrieve database information stored in any
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`of a plurality of formats, including structural and/or relational
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`information, without the need for relying on human analysis of the
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`source data.” ’617 Patent at 1:18-27. The court begins with the
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`terms that have disputed proposed constructions and follows with
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`the terms Sybase and Informatica assert are indefinite.
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`A1
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`The parties dispute “data source,” which appears in
`claims 1 and 3-6 of the ’511 Patent and claim 11 of the ’617
`Patent. DRT proposes “data source” be construed as “a collection
`of computer readable information such as a relational database, a
`flat file and the like.” Sybase and Informatica propose “a
`collection of computer readable information such as a flat file, a
`spreadsheet and the like.” Just as in DRT I, the parties’ dispute
`centers on “whether a spreadsheet should be included as an example
`of a collection of computer readable information or whether a flat
`file encompasses a spreadsheet.” Doc #146 in 08-5481 at 4. For
`the reasons explained in its prior order, and to construe all
`Timeline patents similarly, the court construes “data source” as “a
`collection of computer readable information such as a flat file, a
`relational database, a spreadsheet and the like.” Id at 5.
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 7 of 16 PageID #: 16554
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 5 of 14
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`2
`Dependent claim 4 of the ’511 patent states: “A method,
`as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first data driver includes
`programming code which is callable by a main procedure and wherein
`said method is extensible for accommodation of said second data
`source by providing and calling a second driver containing program
`instructions configured for use in connection with said second data
`source in the absence of said second driver being configured for
`use in connection with said first data source, and in the absence
`of substantial modification of said main procedure.” 19:62-20:3.
`DRT suggests that “programming code which is callable by a main
`procedure” be construed as “computer program instructions which may
`be invoked or activated by a main procedure.” Sybase and
`Informatica assert that “computer program instructions which
`perform functions” is the proper construction.
`DRT’s proposed construction merely provides a synonym for
`each portion of the phrase, and Sybase and Informatica propose a
`construction untethered to the claim language. But each term
`within the phrase has an ordinary meaning, and the phrase can be
`understood as written. The court determines that the phrase
`“programming code which is callable by a main procedure” should be
`given its ordinary meaning and therefore declines to construe it.
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`3
`Independent claim 26 of the ’617 Patent reads: “A
`computer-readable medium, having stored therein a computer program,
`the computer program comprising instructions * * *.” DRT proposes
`the term be construed as “a medium such as a hard disk or CD which
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 8 of 16 PageID #: 16555
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 6 of 14
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`can be read by a computer.” Sybase and Informatica propose the
`term be construed as “a data-storage medium such as a hard disk or
`CD which can be read by a computer.”
`Sybase and Informatica seek to include “data-storage”
`within the construction. While the claim states that the medium
`has a computer program stored on it, “data-storage” is not required
`to understand the term. Accordingly, the court construes “a
`computer-readable medium” as “a medium such as a hard disk or CD
`which can be read by a computer.”
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`4
`Claims 1, 5 and 6 of the ’511 Patent and claims 11 and 26
`of the ’617 Patent contain the term “accessing.” DRT proposes
`“accessing” be construed as “obtaining access to. Accessing
`includes but is not limited to reading.” Sybase and Informatica
`propose “obtaining access to.”
`The parties do not dispute that accessing means
`“obtaining access to,” which is consistent with the construction
`the term was given in the Western District of Washington. Timeline
`Inc, 05-1013 JLR (Jan 31, 2007) (docketed here at Doc #51-1 at 4).
`Accordingly, the court adopts the construction given in the prior
`order and agreed to by the parties: “obtaining access to.” DRT’s
`proposed additional sentence overemphasizes the importance of
`reading as compared to other types of access and is therefore not
`included in the court’s construction.
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 9 of 16 PageID #: 16556
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 7 of 14
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`5
`Independent claim 1 of the ’511 Patent and independent
`claim 11 of the ’617 Patent contain the term “without the need for
`human analysis.” DRT proposes “not requiring evaluation or choice
`by a human. Not requiring evaluation or choice does not mean that
`evaluation or choice is never allowed.” Sybase and Informatica
`propose “not requiring evaluation or choice by a human.”
`The term was construed in the Western District of
`Washington, and the parties agree to adopt that construction: “not
`requiring evaluation or choice by a human.” Timeline, Inc, 6-1013
`JLR (June 29, 2006) (docketed here at Doc #51-1 at 9-10). DRT’s
`proposed additional sentence defines “requiring.” The court
`declines to include the additional sentence because “requiring” is
`commonly understood and can be given its ordinary meaning.
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`B
`The court now turns to the terms Sybase and Informatica
`argue are indefinite. “[T]he limits of a patent must be known for
`the protection of the patentee, the encouragement of the inventive
`genius of others and the assurance that the subject of the patent
`will be dedicated ultimately to the public.” Markman v Westview
`Instruments, Inc, 517 US 370, 390 (1996) (quoting General Elec Co v
`Wabash Appliance Corp, 304 US 364, 369 (1938)).
`Because Sybase and Informatica argue that the claims are
`indefinite, they bear the burden to show by clear and convincing
`evidence that the claims are “not amenable to construction” or
`“insolubly ambiguous.” Haemonetics Corp v Baxter HealthCare Corp,
`607 F3d 776, 783 (Fed Cir 2010) (internal citations omitted).
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 10 of 16 PageID #: 16557
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 8 of 14
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`An analysis of indefiniteness “focuses on whether the claims * * *
`adequately perform their function of notifying the public of the
`[scope of the] patentee’s right to exclude.” Honeywell
`International, Inc v International Trade Commissionn, 341 F3d 1332,
`1338 (Fed Cir 2003) (quoting S3 Inc v nVIDIA Corp, 259 F3d 1364,
`1371-72 (Fed Cir 2001)).
`A claim is indefinite only if “a person of ordinary skill
`in the art could not determine [its] bounds.” Halliburton Energy
`Services, Inc v M-I LLC, 514 F3d 1244, 1249 (Fed Cir 2008). A
`person of ordinary skill in the art may rely on the claim language,
`the specification, the prosecution history and his or her knowledge
`to determine the bounds of the claim. Id at 1249-1250. Although
`the court may look to extrinsic evidence if necessary to its
`understanding of the patent, such evidence in general, and expert
`testimony in particular, is disfavored. See Texas Digital Systems,
`Inc v Telegenix, Inc, 308 F3d 1193, 1212 (Fed Cir 2002).
`The court should not hold the claim to be indefinite
`simply because “it poses a difficult issue of claim construction;
`if the claim is subject to construction, i e, it is not insolubly
`ambiguous, it is not invalid for indefiniteness.” Bancorp
`Services, LLC v Hartford Life Ins Co, 359 F3d 1367, 1372 (Fed Cir
`2004) (citing Honeywell, 341 F3d at 1338-39). Evaluating
`indefiniteness in this fashion serves to protect the statutory
`presumption of patent validity. Bancorp, 359 F3d at 1372 (citing
`35 USC § 282); see Honeywell, 341 F3d at 1338-39. When the
`question of indefiniteness is close, it should be resolved in favor
`of the patentee. Bancorp, 359 F3d at 1372 (citing Exxon Research &
`Engineering Co v United States, 265 F3d 1371, 1375 (Fed Cir 2001)).
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 11 of 16 PageID #: 16558
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 9 of 14
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`1
`Independent claim 11 of the ’617 Patent reads: “A
`computer-implemented method * * * using said driver to
`automatically obtain first information about the data structure of
`at least a first accessed data source, wherein said accessed data
`source is one of said first data source and said second data
`source, without the need for human analysis of the first data
`source or the second data source, by accessing content of
`information stored in said accessed data source wherein said first
`information leads to optimization of a new database in which
`information from said accessed database is to be stored.” 27:31-
`49. The term “leads to optimization” also appears in independent
`claim 26 of the ’617 Patent. 30:8. DRT proposes “providing
`performance with respect to a given characteristic (e g speed or
`flexibility of output) that is superior to the performance of the
`data source with respect to that characteristic.” Sybase and
`Informatica argue the term is indefinite under 35 USC § 112(2).
`The court previously determined that claim 1 of the ’392
`was indefinite because the court was “unable to adopt any narrowing
`construction of ‘optimization’ that is consistent with the language
`of the claim.” Doc #146 in DRT I, 08-5841. Claims 11 and 26 of
`the ’617 Patent suffer from the same fatal flaw, and the court need
`not repeat its reasoning here. For the reasons explained in its
`previous order, the court finds that claims 11 and 26 of the ’617
`Patent are indefinite and therefore invalid.
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`For the Northern District of California
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 12 of 16 PageID #: 16559
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 10 of 14
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`2
`Dependent claim 11 of the ’511 Patent reads: “A method,
`as claimed in claim 6, wherein said first database is optimized for
`speed of data output.” 20:61-62. DRT proposes “providing query or
`analysis results more rapidly than the data source.” Sybase and
`Informatica argue the term is indefinite under 35 USC § 112(2).
`Dependent claim 12 of the ’511 Patent reads: “A method, as claimed
`in claim 6, wherein said first database is optimized for
`flexibility of data output.” 20:63-64. DRT asserts that the term
`should be construed as “providing a greater range of types of data
`outputs compared to the data source.” Sybase and Informatica argue
`indefiniteness under 35 USC § 112(2).
`Claims 11 and 12 rise or fall together. The court
`previously held indefinite a claim that failed to identify a
`characteristic to be optimized. Doc #146 in DRT I, 08-5481. Here,
`claims 11 and 12 explicitly identify speed or flexibility as the
`relevant characteristic. Sybase and Informatica argue the terms
`are nonetheless indefinite because it is impossible for a skilled
`user to determine whether a database is “optimized” based on the
`plain meaning of optimize and because the terms lacks an object of
`comparison for speed or flexibility. Doc #54 at 12.
`The parties dispute whether “optimize” should be
`interpreted as a relative term or a superlative term. Doc #54 at
`12-15; Doc #62 at 11-14. The court need not reach this dispute,
`however. Claims 11 and 12 fail to identify an object, whether a
`database or a data source, to which a comparison should be drawn.
`The claims depend on claim 6, which explains that the first
`database is created from at least one data source. But nothing in
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 13 of 16 PageID #: 16560
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 11 of 14
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`claims 11 or 12 suggests that the database is improved with respect
`to the data source or sources. By comparison, dependent claim 3 of
`the ’511 Patent states that the new database is enhanced “with
`respect to said first data source.” That language does not appear
`in claims 11 or 12. Instead, one with ordinary skill in the art is
`left to guess at the object against which to compare the database’s
`improvement. Because the court cannot read an object into the
`claims, the court must find claims 11 and 12 of the ’511 Patent
`indefinite and, therefore, invalid.
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`3
`Dependent claim 3 of the ’511 Patent reads: “A method, as
`claimed in claim 2, wherein said first database is enhanced with
`respect to said first data source.” DRT argues that “enhanced”
`should be construed as “to provide a database which uses a basis
`for analyzing, outputting or grouping data which was not used in
`the data source. Enhance includes but is not limited to
`classifying or analyzing some or all of the data according to
`categories not used in the data source.” Sybase and Informatica
`argue that “enhanced” is indefinite under 35 USC § 112(2).
`The term “enhanced” suffers from the same fatal flaw as
`“optimized,” discussed in DRT I, Doc #146 in 08-5481. One with
`ordinary skill in the art is left to wonder about the
`characteristics that are enhanced. No method for measuring
`enhancement appears, because the claim gives no characteristic to
`be enhanced. Because the term is insolubly ambiguous, the court
`determines that claim 3 of the ’511 patent is indefinite and,
`therefore, invalid.
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 14 of 16 PageID #: 16561
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 12 of 14
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`4
`Dependent claim 5 of the ’511 Patent reads: “A method, as
`claimed in claim 1, wherein said method is flexible to permit
`accessing any readable data source by providing a driver configured
`for use with such readable data source, without the need to modify
`said first driver.” 20:4-7. DRT argues that “flexible” should be
`given its plain meaning. Sybase and Informatica allege that the
`term is indefinite under 35 USC § 112(2).
`Sybase and Informatica argue the term is indefinite
`because a flexible method may, but need not, access a readable data
`source. Doc #54 at 20. According to Sybase and Informatica, claim
`5 exceeds the limits of independent claim 1, because claim 5
`describes a method to access any readable data source, while claim
`1 describes a driver configured only to read the first data source.
`Id at 21.
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`The court disagrees and finds that the term can be
`construed. Claim 1 defines one driver and uses the word comprising
`to “create[] a presumption that the body of the claim is open.”
`Crystal Semiconductor, 246 F3d at 1348. Claims dependent on claim
`1 may therefore claim additional drivers as long as the driver
`defined in claim 1 remains the same. Claim 5 refers to two
`drivers: “a driver” configured for use with a readable data source,
`and the “said first driver,” which remains unmodified. Because
`claim 5 does not alter the “said first driver” identified in
`independent claim 1 and instead claims an additional driver, claim
`5 is within the scope of the claim it depends upon and thus is not
`indefinite. The court determines that “is flexible to permit
`accessing” should be construed as “allows access to.”
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 15 of 16 PageID #: 16562
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 13 of 14
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`C
`The parties have identified the following terms as also
`in dispute. Dependent claim 4 of the ’511 patent states: “A
`method, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first data driver
`includes programming code which is callable by a main procedure and
`wherein said method is extensible for accommodation of said second
`data source by providing and calling a second driver containing
`program instructions configured for use in connection with said
`second data source in the absence of said second driver being
`configured for use in connection with said first data source, and
`in the absence of substantial modification of said main procedure.”
`19:62-20:3. Independent claim 1 of the ’511 Patent reads: “a first
`step for providing a first driver containing program instructions
`configured for use in connection with said first data source in the
`absence of said first driver being configured for use in connection
`with said second data source.” 19:41-45.
`DRT argues construction of the terms would be helpful but
`that the terms are not among the ten most significant. Sybase and
`Informatica agree and ask the court not to construe the terms.
`Pursuant to Pat LR 4-3(c), the parties are limited to
`identification of the ten most significant terms. Because
`construction of these additional terms does not appear necessary
`for resolution of the case, the court declines to construe them.
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`III
`At the January 19, 2011 hearing, the court extended the
`discovery cut off to June 30, 2011. Accordingly, the clerk is
`DIRECTED to TERMINATE Sybase’s motion to vacate, Doc #78, AS MOOT.
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`For the Northern District of California
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`United States District Court
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`Case 1:16-cv-00455-RGA Document 164-5 Filed 06/29/17 Page 16 of 16 PageID #: 16563
`Case 3:09-cv-05360-JCS Document 87 Filed 01/24/11 Page 14 of 14
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`DRT has moved for summary judgment to dismiss Sybase’s
`and Informatica’s invalidity contentions. Doc #52. For the
`reasons explained above, the court could not through the canons of
`claim construction arrive at a construction for many of the claims
`Sybase and Informatica assert are invalid. The court therefore had
`no option but to declare the claims invalid. See DRT I, Doc #146
`in 08-5481 at 8. Accordingly, DRT’s motion for summary judgment,
`Doc #52, is DENIED AS MOOT. The clerk is DIRECTED to TERMINATE AS
`MOOT DRT’s motion to set its summary judgment motion concurrently
`with the claim construction hearing, Doc #65.
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`IT IS SO ORDERED.
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`VAUGHN R WALKER
`United States District Judge
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