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`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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`FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE
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`VEDANTI SYSTEMS LIMITED and
`MAX SOUND CORPORATION,
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` Plaintiffs,
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`C.A. No.__________
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`JURY TRIAL DEMANDED
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`))
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`v.
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`GOOGLE, INC., YOUTUBE, LLC, and
`ON2 TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,
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` Defendants.
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`COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT
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`Plaintiffs Vedanti Systems Limited (“VSL”) and Max Sound Corporation (“Max Sound”)
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`file this Complaint for patent infringement against Defendants Google, Inc. (“Google”),
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`YouTube, LLC (“YouTube”), and On2 Technologies, Inc. (“On2”) (collectively “Defendants”)
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`and allege as follows:
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`1.
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`This case arises out of Defendants’ willful infringement of United States Patent
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`No. 7,974,339 and Defendants’ incorporation of this patented technology into products made,
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`used, sold, offered for sale, and/or imported, including, but not limited to, VP8, VP9, WebM,
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`YouTube, Google Adsense, Google Play, Google TV, Chromebook, Google Drive, Google
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`Chromecast, Google Play-per-view, Google Glasses, Google +, Google’s Simplify, Google Maps
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`and Google Earth. In short, Defendants’ infringement pervades virtually every website and
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`product offered by Google and its Defendant subsidiaries.
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 2 of 15 PageID #: 2
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`2.
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`Despite Google’s well-publicized Code of Conduct — “Don’t be Evil” — which
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`it explains is “about doing the right thing,” “following the law,” and “acting honorably,” Google,
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`in fact, has an established pattern of conduct which is the exact opposite of its claimed piety.
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`3.
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`Indeed, time and time again, Google has willfully infringed the patents and used
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`the proprietary information of others without offering to compensate the owners of those patents
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`and/or proprietary information. This case is yet another of the many occasions on which Google
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`has unlawfully taken, rather than developed for itself and/or paid for, valuable and proprietary
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`technology that is core to the functioning of its many businesses and products.
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`PARTIES
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`4.
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`Plaintiff Vedanti Systems Limited is a British company having its principal place
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`of business at 43 Overstone Road London W6 0AD.
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`5.
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`Plaintiff Max Sound Corporation is a Delaware corporation having its principal
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`place of business at 2902A Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, California 90404.
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`6.
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`Google is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, and
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`has a principal place of business at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California
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`94043 and/or is conducting business through an affiliate located at this address. Google may be
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`served through its registered agent for service of process, Corporation Trust Company, at
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`Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801.
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`7.
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`On information and belief, YouTube is a limited liability company organized
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`under the laws of the State of Delaware, and headquartered in San Bruno, California. YouTube
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`is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Google. YouTube is in the business of the sharing and display
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`of user-generated and corporate media video. Available content on YouTube includes video
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`clips, TV clips, music videos, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos,
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`2
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 3 of 15 PageID #: 3
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`and educational videos. YouTube may be served through its registered agent for service of
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`process, Corporation Trust Company, at Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street,
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`Wilmington, Delaware 19801.
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`8.
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`On information and belief, On2 is a corporation organized under the laws of the
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`State of Delaware, and has a principal place of business in Clifton Park, New York. On2 is
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`wholly-owned subsidiary of Google. On2, formerly known as The Duck Corporation, engaged
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`in the business of developing video compression technologies known as codecs. In February
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`2010, Google acquired On2 for an estimated $124.6 million. On2 claims the authorship of a
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`number of video codecs, including video codecs known as VP8 and VP9. On2 may be served
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`through its registered agent for service of process, Corporation Service Company, at 2711
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`Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808.
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`JURISDICTION AND VENUE
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`9.
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`This civil action for patent infringement arises under the Patent Laws of the
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`United States, 35 U.S.C. §§ 1, et seq. This Court has jurisdiction over the claims presented
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`herein pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a).
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`10.
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`Defendants make, import, use, sell, and/or offer for sale the Accused
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`Instrumentalities (as defined below) within the United States, including this District, that infringe
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`one or more claims of United States Patent No. 7,974,339 entitled “Optimized Data
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`Transmission System and Method” (the “’339 Patent”). The ’339 Patent was duly and legally
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`issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office on July 5, 2011. A true and correct
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`copy of the ’339 Patent is attached hereto as Exhibit 1.
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`11.
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`The ’339 Patent is referred to herein as the “Asserted Patent.”
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`3
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 4 of 15 PageID #: 4
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`12.
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`VSL is the owner by assignment of all rights, title, and interests in the Asserted
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`Patent, and is entitled to sue for past and future infringement thereof.
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`13.
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`Max Sound and VSL have agreed that Max Sound shall have the right to enforce
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`VSL’s patent rights on VSL’s behalf.
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`14.
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`A “codec” is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a
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`digital data stream or signal.
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`15.
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`Defendants are engaged in the business of developing, using, and selling a
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`variety of video computer programs, including those commonly referred to as the VP8, VP9,
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`H.264, and WebM video codecs (collectively the “Accused Codec Instrumentalities”).
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`16.
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`Defendants embed these Accused Codec Instrumentalities into products that
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`Defendants make, use, and sell, including in this District, such as the Android operating system
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`used in many mobile phones and tablet computers (collectively “the Accused Android
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`Instrumentalities”).
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`17.
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`Defendants use these Accused Codec Instrumentalities to deliver video content
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`from Defendants’ websites and products such as VP8, VP9, WebM, YouTube.com, Google
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`Adsense, Google Play, Google TV, Chromebook, Google Drive, Google Chromecast, Google
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`Play-per-view, Google Glasses, Google +, Google’s Simplify, Google Maps and Google Earth
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`(collectively the “Accused Website and Product Instrumentalities”).
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`18.
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`Defendants distribute software such as the Chrome web browser that implements
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`the Accused Codec Instrumentalities (collectively the “Accused Software Instrumentalities”).
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`19.
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`Collectively, the Accused Codec Instrumentalities, the Accused Android
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`Instrumentalities, the Accused Website and Product Instrumentalities, and the Accused Software
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`Instrumentalities comprise the “Accused Instrumentalities.”
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`4
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 5 of 15 PageID #: 5
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`20.
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`On information and belief, Defendants directly and/or indirectly import,
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`manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sell the Accused Instrumentalities within the United
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`States, including this District, that infringe one or more claims of the Asserted Patent.
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`21.
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`Venue is proper in this District pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1400(b).
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`GENERAL ALLEGATIONS
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`VSL and the ’339 Patent
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`22.
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`In 2001, Constance Nash, one of the two named inventors of the ’339 Patent, had
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`the goal of offering to the public an Internet subscription service to deliver digitized video of
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`musical concerts via the Internet.
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`23.
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`After reviewing and testing numerous video compression and decompression
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`technologies for use with the subscription services, Ms. Nash concluded that none of the then-
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`existing video compression technologies could provide the level of video quality necessary to
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`launch the project.
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`24.
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`The then-existing video standards resulted in jittery, low-quality video and sound
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`for large-sized video files.
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`25.
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`The available technologies relied solely on compression, i.e., the encoding of
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`digital information by reducing the number of bits in the representation, by identifying and
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`deleting unnecessary bits (“lossy” compression).
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`26.
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`Ms. Nash hired Alex Krichevsky to work for VSL. Together, Ms. Nash and
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`Mr. Krichevsky developed the technology, specifically a video codec (the “VSL Codec”), and
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`the inventions described in the ’339 Patent.
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`27.
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`The VSL Codec implemented a proprietary and unique system of optimizing data
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`transmission using methods for key frame partitioning, slicing and analyzing pixel variation of
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`5
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 6 of 15 PageID #: 6
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`video content to significantly reduce the volume of digital video files, while minimizing any
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`resulting loss of video quality.
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`28.
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`Ms. Nash and Mr. Krichevsky filed United States and numerous other
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`international patent applications that covered some of the methods and systems used in the VSL
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`Codec.
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`29.
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`Germane to this lawsuit, on January 16, 2002, Ms. Nash and Mr. Krichevsky
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`filed the United States patent application that resulted in the issuance of the ’339 patent.
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`Google, H.264, and VP8
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`30.
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`During the mid- to late-2000s, video compression and streaming technology had
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`become integral to Google products, including but not limited to the YouTube.com website, the
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`Chrome web browser, and the Android mobile device operating system.
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`31.
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`32.
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`Google and Google products began supporting a video codec known as H.264.
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`The first version of the H.264 codec was completed in 2003 by a standardization
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`committee called the Joint Video Team, which was formed by the Video Coding Experts Group
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`and the Moving Pictures Experts Group.
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`33.
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`Since that time, H.264 has developed into a widely used codec with substantial
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`penetration in the optical disc, broadcast, and streaming video markets.
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`34.
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`MPEG LA, LLC (“MPEG LA”), a Colorado-based firm, licenses patent pools
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`that cover essential patents necessary for use in various video codec standards. MPEG LA is not
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`related to the Moving Pictures Experts Group.
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`35.
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`MPEG LA was initially founded in the late 1990s by several international
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`companies that owned patents necessary to practice the MPEG-2 video standard in order to pool
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`6
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 7 of 15 PageID #: 7
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`those patents under a single entity for purposes of granting pooled licenses to those patents and
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`to generate patent royalties.
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`36.
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`Since that time, MPEG LA has asserted that multiple video standards, including
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`H.264, require a license to its pooled patents, and hundreds of companies have obtained licenses
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`from MPEG LA for the rights to the H.264 patent pool.
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`37.
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`For many years Google refused to obtain a license from MPEG LA to cover its
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`implementations of the H.264 standard, despite multiple notices from MPEG LA that Google
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`required a license.
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`38.
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`Rather than obtaining a license from MPEG LA for Google’s implementations of
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`H.264, Google decided instead to seek alternatives to H.264 that would not require paying
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`royalties to MPEG LA.
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`39.
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`VP8 is a video compression standard released by Defendant On2 in September
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`2008.
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`40.
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`As of September 2008, MPEG LA had not established a patent pool that covered
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`the VP8 codec.
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`41.
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`In August 2009, Google targeted VP8 as a potential alternative to H.264 and
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`initiated negotiations to acquire On2.
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`42.
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`43.
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`In February 2010, Google completed the acquisition of On2.
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`Through its acquisition of On2, Google obtained ownership of the VP8 codec
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`and On2’s patents and pending patent applications covering the VP8 codec and possessed a
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`potential alternative to avoid paying licensing royalties to MPEG LA.
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`44.
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`In May 2010, Google announced that its new WebM video file format would
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`incorporate the VP8 codec.
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`7
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 8 of 15 PageID #: 8
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`45.
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`YouTube now uses WebM/VP8 video and has committed to encode its entire
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`portfolio of videos to WebM.
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`46. WebM was enabled in Google Android operating system in late 2010.
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`47.
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`After the release of WebM/VP8 by Google, however, numerous reviews by the
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`public concluded that the video quality of WebM/VP8 was significantly weaker than the quality
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`produced using H.264.
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`Google’s Discussions with VSL
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`48.
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`In March 2010, with the understanding that WebM/VP8 was in desperate need of
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`improvement, Alpesh Patel, VSL’s CEO at that time, communicated with Google’s Nikesh
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`Arora to discuss licensing VSL’s video technology and/or the possible acquisition of VSL and
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`the ’339 Patent by Google.
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`49.
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`In April 2010, Mr. Patel and Megan Smith, Google’s Vice President of New
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`Business Development, executed a non-disclosure agreement (“NDA”) for the purpose of
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`engaging in negotiations regarding VSL’s technology.
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`50.
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`During those negotiations, Laura Majerus, one of Google’s in-house counsel
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`advised that if VSL’s patent portfolio read on the H.264 video codec, then Google would seek to
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`buy the technology or to acquire VSL.
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`51.
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`During the course of the negotiations and pursuant to the NDA, VSL provided a
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`working VSL codec to Google for testing and analysis, and further provided copies of VSL’s
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`patents, patent applications (including the patent application that led to the ’339 Patent), and
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`claim charts comparing the inventions claimed in the ’339 Patent to the H.264 standard.
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`52.
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`The parties continued to meet over the course of the next eight months. During
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`the course of those meetings, Google requested, and VSL provided, technical guidance to Google
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`8
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 9 of 15 PageID #: 9
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`regarding the implementation of VSL’s technology, the VSL Codec, and the inventions claimed
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`in the ’339 Patent.
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`53.
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`By December 2010, negotiations between the parties stalled, and the parties
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`terminated discussions.
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`54.
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`On December 16, 2010, Ms. Majerus shipped back to VSL materials that VSL
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`had provided to Google pursuant to the NDA. Ms. Majerus included a cover letter that provided
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`an itemized list of documents and other things being returned to VSL pursuant to the NDA, with
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`the only apparent missing components being the claim charts comparing the inventions claimed
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`in the ’339 Patent to the H.264 standard.
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`55.
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`Included with the materials was a collection of Post-It notes, which appear to
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`have been authored by Google personnel.
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`56.
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`The Post-It notes included statements that suggest that Google intended to
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`infringe VSL’s patents and that Google’s infringement was knowing and willful.
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`57.
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`Examples of such statements in the Post-It notes include the following:
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`a.
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`Google engineers should be discouraged from “digging deep” and should
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`“close eyes to existing IP,” and from talking further to Qualcomm IP engineer Seyfullah
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`Oguz who had agreed to assist VSL in providing understanding to Google ;
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`
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`b.
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`Google was concerned that its infringement could be considered
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`“recklessness” (the standard applicable to willful infringement);
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`c.
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`Google had concerns that products in development should be carefully
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`monitored because of potential infringement;
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`d.
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`e.
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`Google personnel should “try” to destroy incriminating emails;
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`Google needed to obtain a non-infringement opinion from outside counsel;
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`9
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 10 of 15 PageID #: 10
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`f.
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`Google should evaluate the risk of getting sued for infringement if
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`Google’s infringing products were “money making”; and
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`g.
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`Google should consider a “design around” because it was facing a “risk of
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`litigation.”
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`58.
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`On information and belief, Google began to incorporate VSL’s patented
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`technology into WebM/VP8 soon after it initiated negotiations with VSL and received from VSL
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`confidential information regarding VSL’s patent portfolio.
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`59.
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`Indeed, subsequent to meeting with VSL, Google and On2 either amended a
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`number of their pending patent applications to incorporate various claims of the ’339 Patent or
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`filed for new patents which incorporated various claims of the ’339 Patent, without disclosing to
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`the United States Patent and Trademark Office the ’339 Patent or its underlying application as
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`prior art or Ms. Nash or Mr. Krichevsky as prior inventors. Nonetheless, Defendants’
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`incorporation of claims of the ’339 Patent into their patent applications and patents constitute
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`tacit admissions of Defendants’ infringement of the ’339 Patent.
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`CLAIM FOR RELIEF
`(Infringement of the ’339 Patent)
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`60.
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`61.
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`VSL incorporates paragraphs 1 through 59 as though fully set forth herein.
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`Upon information and belief, Defendants have been and now are directly
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`infringing one or more claims of the ’339 Patent by making, importing, using (including use for
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`testing purposes), offering for sale, and/or selling the patented inventions, including but not
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`limited to the Accused Instrumentalities.
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`62.
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`In addition and/or in the alternative, Defendants have been and/or now are
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`indirectly infringing one or more claims of the Asserted Patent by inducing customers,
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`10
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 11 of 15 PageID #: 11
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`consumers, and end users to use the Accused Instrumentalities to directly infringe one or more
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`claims of the Asserted Patent in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(b).
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`63.
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`Google was informed in 2010 of the pending application that became the ’339
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`Patent and had actual knowledge of the applicability of the inventions claimed therein to video
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`codecs such as those used in the Accused Instrumentalities.
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`64.
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`Furthermore, Google has been provided actual notice of the existence of the ’339
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`Patent.
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`65.
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`The Post-It notes are unequivocal evidence of Google’s knowledge of the ’339
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`Patent and infringement by Defendants.
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`66.
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`In spite of having received such notice, Google and its Defendant subsidiaries
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`have intended, and continue to intend, to induce patent infringement by customers and end users,
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`and have had knowledge that the inducing acts would cause infringement or, alternatively, have
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`been willfully blind to the possibility that its inducing acts would cause infringement.
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`67.
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`The Accused Instrumentalities comprise the systems claimed in one or more
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`claims of the ’339 Patent, and, when used as described in Defendants’ technical publications,
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`perform the method(s) described and claimed in the Asserted Patent.
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`68.
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`Defendants have engaged in indirect infringement by providing their customers
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`and end users with the infringing Accused Instrumentalities, and/or by providing the Accused
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`Instrumentalities and providing instructions to enable those customers and end users to use the
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`Accused Instrumentalities, each of which constitute the system claimed in one or more claims of
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`the ’339 Patent, and/or to utilize the Accused Instrumentalities so as to practice the method
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`claimed in one or more claims of the ’339 Patent.
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`11
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 12 of 15 PageID #: 12
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`69.
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`By way of example, and not as a limitation, Defendants induce such infringement
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`by at least making its Internet websites available to customers and end users and providing links
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`and/or other directions on its websites and/or the Internet to instruct and teach users to use the
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`Accused Instrumentalities in an infringing manner.
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`70.
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`Defendants engaged – and continue to engage – in such activities knowingly,
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`and, as early as 2010, have done so with the knowledge that such activities induce customers and
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`end users to directly infringe the Asserted Patent.
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`71.
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`In addition, or, in the alternative, Defendants engaged – and continue to engage –
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`in such activities knowingly, and, as early as 2010, have sold or distributed the Accused
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`Instrumentalities knowing that such Accused Instrumentalities are especially made or adapted for
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`use by their customers and end users in an infringing use of one or more claims of the Accused
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`Instrumentalities.
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`72.
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`On information and belief, Defendants’ customers and end users configure the
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`Accused Instrumentalities to encode and/or decode digital video as described and claimed in the
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`Asserted Patent. Thus, Defendants’ customers and end users, by using the Accused
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`Instrumentalities, directly infringe the claimed method(s) of the Asserted Patent.
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`73.
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`VSL has been damaged by Defendants’ infringing activities and will be
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`irreparably harmed unless those infringing activities are preliminarily and permanently enjoined
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`by this Court.
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`74.
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`Google and its Defendant subsidiaries either had actual knowledge of the ’339
`
`Patent or recklessly disregarded the existence of the ’339 Patent, so VSL is entitled to damages
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`against Google for indirect infringement for the period prior to the filing of this Complaint
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`through the date of trial.
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`12
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 13 of 15 PageID #: 13
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`75.
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`76.
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`Defendants’ infringement of the ’339 Patent is and has been willful.
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`Defendants’ past and continued infringement of the ’339 Patent has caused VSL
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`damage and will continue to cause irreparable damage to VSL unless Google is enjoined by this
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`Court.
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`77.
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`VSL does not have an adequate remedy at law.
`
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`WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs VSL and Max Sound request the following relief:
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`REQUEST FOR RELIEF
`
`(a)
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`A judgment in favor of VSL and Max Sound that Defendants have directly
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`infringed, and/or have indirectly infringed by way of inducement, one or more claims of the
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`Asserted Patent and that such infringement has been willful;
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`(b)
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`A judgment that VSL and Max Sound have been irreparably harmed by the
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`Defendants’ infringing activities and are likely to continue to be irreparably harmed by Google’s
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`continued infringement;
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`(c)
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`Imposition of preliminary and permanent injunctions prohibiting Defendants and
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`their officers, agents, servants, employees, and those persons in active concert or participation
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`with any of them, as well as all successors or assignees of the interests or assets related to the
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`Accused Instrumentalities, from further infringement, direct and indirect, of the Asserted Patent;
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`(d)
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`A judgment and order requiring Defendants to pay VSL and Max Sound
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`damages adequate to compensate for infringement under 35 U.S.C. § 284, which damages may
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`include lost profits but in no event shall be less than a reasonable royalty for the use made of the
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`inventions of the Asserted Patent, including pre- and post-judgment interest and costs, including
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`expenses and disbursements;
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`(e)
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`A judgment awarding treble damages to VSL and Max Sound pursuant to 35
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`U.S.C. § 284, in view of the willful and deliberate nature of the infringement, with interest;
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`13
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 14 of 15 PageID #: 14
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`
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`(f)
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`A judgment declaring this to be an exceptional case under 35 U.S.C. § 285 and
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`awarding VSL and Max Sound their attorneys’ fees;
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`(g)
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`(h)
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`Pre- and post-judgment interest as permitted by law; and
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`Any and all such further necessary or proper relief as this Court may deem just.
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`DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
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`
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`Pursuant to Rule 38(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, VSL and Max Sound
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`hereby demand a trial by jury of all issues so triable.
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`14
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`Case 1:14-cv-01029-GMS Document 1 Filed 08/09/14 Page 15 of 15 PageID #: 15
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`Dated: August 9, 2014
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`
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`
`
`Christopher M. Joe
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`Brian A. Carpenter
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`Eric W. Buether
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`Mark D. Perantie
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`BUETHER JOE & CARPENTER, LLC
`1700 Pacific Avenue, Suite 4750
`Dallas, Texas 75201
`Tel: (214) 466-1272
`Fax: (214) 635-1828
`Chris.Joe@BJCIPlaw.com
`Eric.Buether@BJCIPlaw.com
`Brian.Carpenter@BJCIPlaw.com
`Mark.Perantie@BJCIPlaw.com
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`GRANT & EISENHOFER P.A.
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`By:
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`/s/ Geoffrey C. Jarvis
`Geoffrey C. Jarvis
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`Geoffrey C. Jarvis
`Justin K. Victor
`GRANT & EISENHOFER P.A.
`123 Justison Street
`Wilmington, Delaware 19801
`Tel: (302) 622-7000
`Fax: (302) 622-7100
`gjarvis@gelaw.com
`jvictor@gelaw.com
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`Jay W. Eisenhofer
`Deborah A. Elman
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`GRANT & EISENHOFER P.A.
`485 Lexington Avenue
`New York, New York 10017
`Tel: (646) 722-8500
`Fax: (646) 722-8501
`jeisenhofer@gelaw.com
`delman@gelaw.com
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`Adam J. Levitt
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`Catherine Ó Súilleabháin
`(pro hac vice to be submitted)
`GRANT & EISENHOFER P.A.
`30 North LaSalle Street
`Suite 1200
`Chicago, Illinois 60602
`Tel: (312) 214-0000
`Fax: (312) 214-0001
`alevitt@gelaw.com
`cosuilleabhain@gelaw.com
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`Attorneys for Plaintiffs
`Vedanti Systems Limited and
`Max Sound Corporation
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`15
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