`
`CONRAD JOHNS AND ELIZABETH :
`JOHNS :
`
` Plaintiffs,
`
` v.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ALFA LAVAL, INC., ET AL. :
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`J.D. OF FAIRFIELD
`
`AT BRIDGEPORT
`
`APRIL 5, 2023
`
`DEFENDANT DURACELL U.S. OPERATIONS, INC.’S ANSWER, SPECIAL
`DEFENSES AND CROSS CLAIMS TO PLAINTIFFS’ THIRD AMENDED
`COMPLAINT
`
`Defendant Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc. (hereinafter “Duracell” or “Defendant”), hereby
`
`responds to the allegations of the Third Amended Complaint [#140.00] (hereinafter
`
`“Complaint”) dated March 29, 2023 as follows:
`
`COUNT I (Product liability as against all defendants)
`
`1. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
`
`truth of the allegations of Paragraph 1 and, as such, denies them.
`
`2. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the
`
`truth of the allegations of Paragraph 2 and, as such, denies them.
`
`3. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 3 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 3, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 3.
`
`4. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 4 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 4, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 4.
`
`5. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 5 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 5, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 5.
`
`6. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 6 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 6, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 6.
`
`7. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 7 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 7, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 7.
`
`8. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 8 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 8, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 8.
`
`9. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 9 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 9, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 9.
`
`
`
`2
`
`
`
`10. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 10 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 10, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 10.
`
`11. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 11 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 11 and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 11.
`
`12. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 12 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 12, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 12.
`
`13. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 13 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 13, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 13.
`
`14. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 14 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 14, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 14.
`
`15. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 15 and its subparts are directed against
`
`Defendant, they are denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a
`
`
`
`3
`
`
`
`belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 15 and its subparts and therefore
`
`denies the remaining allegations contained in Paragraph 15.
`
`16. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 16 and its subparts are directed against
`
`Defendant, they are denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a
`
`belief as to the truth of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 16 and therefore denies the
`
`remaining allegations contained in Paragraph 16 and its subparts.
`
`17. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 17 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 17, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 17.
`
`18. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 18 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 18, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 18.
`
`19. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 19 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 19, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 19.
`
`20. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 20 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 20, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 20.
`
`
`
`4
`
`
`
`21. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 21 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 22, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 21.
`
`22. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 22 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 22, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 22.
`
`23. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 23 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 23, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 23.
`
`COUNT II (Recklessness as to all Defendants)
`
`1-23. Defendant repeats and incorporates by reference its responses to Paragraphs 1-23,
`
`inclusive, as if fully set forth herein.1-23.
`
`24. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 24 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 24, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 24.
`
`25. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 25 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`
`
`5
`
`
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 25, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 25.
`
`26. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 26 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 26, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 26.
`
`27. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 27 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 27, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 27.
`
`28. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 28 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 28, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 28.
`
`COUNT III (As to Plaintiff Elizabeth Johns and all Defendants)
`
`1-28. Defendant repeats and incorporates by reference its responses to Paragraphs 1-28,
`
`inclusive, as if fully set forth herein.1-28.
`
`29. Insofar as the allegations of Paragraph 29 are directed against Defendant, they are
`
`denied. Defendant is without knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth
`
`of the remaining allegations of Paragraph 29, and therefore denies the remaining allegations
`
`contained in Paragraph 29. To the extent the “Wherefore” Paragraphs of Count III of Plaintiffs’
`
`Complaint can be read as alleging that any act or omission of Duracell caused the alleged
`
`
`
`6
`
`
`
`damages in the “Wherefore” paragraph, it is denied. Defendant further denies the damages
`
`claimed by Plaintiffs.
`
`SPECIAL DEFENSES
`
`FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The defendant asserts that another party retained non-alkaline battery liabilities and
`
`Duracell is only responsible for liabilities extending to its current business, alkaline batteries.
`
`Duracell did not assume any liabilities outside of alkaline batteries.
`
`SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiffs are not entitled to the damages claimed or to the relief requested.
`
`THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` The Complaint is barred by the applicable statute of limitations.
`
`FOURTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The Complaint is barred by the applicable statute of repose.
`
`FIFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiffs’ breach of warranty claims are barred for lack of privity.
`
`SIXTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiffs’ warranty claims are barred by reason of the failure of Plaintiffs to give
`
`reasonable notice of the alleged breaches.
`
`SEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`
`
`7
`
`
`
`Plaintiffs’ alleged injury or damage was not caused by any act or omission of this
`
`Defendant. Such injury or damage, if any, was caused by the intervening act(s) or omission(s) of
`
`persons or entities other than this Defendant.
`
`EIGHTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The Court lacks personal jurisdiction over this Defendant.
`
`NINTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Each and every count of Plaintiffs’ Complaint fails to state a cause of action for which
`
`relief can be granted.
`
`TENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiffs have failed to join all necessary parties for the just adjudication of this matter
`
`and has further omitted reason for such failure.
`
`ELEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Service of process on this Defendant was improper and insufficient.
`
`TWELFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The doctrine of strict liability in tort is inapplicable to Plaintiffs’ claims against this
`
`Defendant.
`
`THIRTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiff Conrad Johns willingly, knowingly and voluntarily assumed the risk of the
`
`alleged injuries for which relief is now sought.
`
`FOURTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`8
`
`
`
`
`
`Plaintiff Conrad Johns was not in the exercise of due care and his negligence contributed
`
`to or caused the injury or damage complained of in whole or in part.
`
`FIFTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` If Plaintiffs have settled with and/or released other defendants or entities who are
`
`tortfeasors, this Defendant is entitled to a reduction of any judgment, either in the total of all the
`
`settlement amounts or the pro-rata share of fault of said tortfeasors as determined by the Court or
`
`jury - whichever is greater.
`
`SIXTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The alleged product or component sold or complied by the defendant or any legal
`
`predecessor contains no asbestos.
`
`SEVENTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` This Defendant is not liable as a matter of law because its product was manufactured in
`
`accordance with contract specifications of a third-party, the United States Navy.
`
`EIGHTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`This Defendant is not liable as a matter of law because its product was manufactured in
`
`accordance with contract specification of the United States government.
`
`NINETEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiffs’ claims against this Defendant are barred by the exclusivity provision of the
`
`Connecticut Workers' Compensation Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-284.
`
`TWENTIETH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`
`
`9
`
`
`
`Plaintiffs’ alleged injuries and damages were cause by the abnormal and unintended use
`
`of this Defendant's product(s).
`
`TWENTY-FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiff Conrad Johns’ employer and/or the purchaser of this Defendant's product(s)
`
`possessed a high degree of knowledge and sophistication and had equal or superior means and
`
`ability to appreciate and warn of any hazards concerning the use of this Defendant's product(s).
`
`TWENTY-SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`At all relevant times the state of medical and scientific knowledge and the state of art and
`
`design and manufacture of Defendant's products was such that this Defendant neither knew nor
`
`should have known that any of its products presented a health risk.’’
`
`TWENTY-THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiffs have released, settled, entered into an accord and satisfaction or otherwise
`
`compromised the claims herein.
`
`TWENTY-FOURTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by the doctrine of laches.
`
`TWENTY-FIFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`The imposition of punitive damages as to this Defendant would violate public policy and
`
`our United States Constitution as the imposition of punitive damages will serve no deterrent
`
`effect and would be duplicative and excessive in nature.
`
`TWENTY-SIXTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`
`
`10
`
`
`
`Plaintiffs failed to mitigate or otherwise act to lessen or reduce the injuries and damages
`
`alleged in Plaintiffs’ Complaint.
`
`TWENTY-SEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`This Defendant gave no warranties, express or implied, to Plaintiffs or to anyone acting
`
`on Plaintiffs’ behalf.
`
`TWENTY-EIGHTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Defendant further states that plaintiff’s injuries are work related and his recovery is
`
`limited to work-related compensation benefits provided by his past employers, including the
`
`United States Navy.
`
`TWENTY-NINTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`This Defendant cannot be held responsible for products manufactured, sold and
`
`distributed by third-parties over which this Defendant had no responsibility or control.
`
`THIRTIETH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Plaintiff Conrad Johns knew or reasonably should have known of the potential dangers
`
`associated with this Defendant's products and therefore this Defendant's alleged failure to warn
`
`him have no causal connection to Plaintiffs’ injuries.
`
`THIRTY-FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiff Conrad Johns’ alleged exposure to asbestos as a result of working with or around
`
`this Defendant's product(s) - which this Defendant vigorously denies - was so minimal as to be
`
`insufficient to establish a reasonable degree of probability that the product(s) caused Plaintiffs’
`
`alleged injuries.
`
`
`
`11
`
`
`
`THIRTY-SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` This Defendant is entitled to a set-off of any verdict in the amount of compensation
`
`Plaintiffs have received as a result of any claim for workers' compensation benefits.
`
`THIRTY-THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by the doctrines of estoppel and waiver.
`
`THIRTY-FOURTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`This Defendant denies that it manufactured, sold, or distributed any products which
`
`allegedly caused Plaintiffs’ injuries.
`
`THIRTY-FIFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiff Conrad Johns’ employer was in control and possession of his worksite and
`
`responsible for maintaining a safe work environment, to the exclusion of this Defendant, and
`
`failed to do so, thereby breaking the chain of causation between this Defendant and Plaintiffs’
`
`alleged injuries.
`
`THIRTY-SIXTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiffs were users of tobacco products despite being aware of the dangers of using such
`
`products and such use caused or contributed to any injuries or damages Plaintiffs seek
`
`compensation for in this matter.
`
`THIRTY-SEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Plaintiffs’ Complaint should be dismissed because it was filed in an improper venue.
`
`THIRTY-EIGHTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`
`
`12
`
`
`
`Plaintiffs’ Complaint should be dismissed pursuant to the doctrine of forum
`
`nonconveniens.
`
`THIRTY-NINTH SPECIAL DEFENSE \
`
`To the extent that there is a prior pending action between the parties, this case should be
`
`dismissed as a matter of law.
`
`FORTIETH SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Pursuant to Connecticut choice of law principles, the law of Connecticut is inapplicable
`
`and the law of an alternate forum should be applied.
`
`FORTY-FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Defendant states that Plaintiffs’ recovery is barred for the reason that any alleged
`
`exposure to this Defendant’s products, which it denies, was so minimal as to be insufficient to
`
`cause the claimed injury and illness
`
`FORTY-SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
` Defendant would show that Mr. Johns’ employers, agents, servants, employees, and/or
`
`directors failed to act in a manner consistent with the employers’ non-delegable duties as
`
`established by OSHA and the Connecticut Department of Labor Division of Occupational Safety
`
`and Health, thereby proximately causing Mr. Johns’ alleged injuries, illness, diseases,
`
`disabilities, losses, and/or damages, if any. Such failure on the part of Mr. Johns’ employers
`
`includes, but is not limited to: A. Failure to adequately train Mr. Johns on how to safely utilize
`
`the products, as an ordinary prudent employer would have done in like or similar circumstances;
`
`B. Failure to adequately disseminate product information as to the safe use of products as an
`
`
`
`13
`
`
`
`ordinary prudent employer would have done in like or similar circumstances; C. Failure to timely
`
`establish a written respiratory program; D. Failure to provide properly trained supervisors for
`
`Mr. Johns’ work crews; E. Failure to provide appropriate ventilation equipment and respiratory
`
`equipment; and F. Failure to provide proper filtering and monitoring devices for air-fed
`
`respiratory equipment.
`
`FORTY-THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
`
`Defendant would show that Mr. Johns’ alleged injuries or illnesses, if any, were
`
`occupational diseases resulting from Mr. Johns’ work and not from any isolated incident or
`
`contact with any products made, manufactured, packaged, furnished, delivered, distributed,
`
`and/or sold by Defendant; and which Defendant is not legally liable or responsible for such
`
`occupational disease, if any, brought about or caused by conditions arising in the course and
`
`scope of Mr. Johns’ employment. In addition, Defendant would show that Mr. Johns, or Mr.
`
`Johns’ employers, owners of various premises in 16 which Mr. Johns worked, and the various
`
`government entities, including OSHA, were charged with the duty of inspecting the safety of Mr.
`
`Johns’ working conditions. Therefore, Defendant would show that the negligent acts and/or
`
`omissions of Mr. Johns, his employers, owners of the various premises in which he worked, and
`
`the various government agencies were the sole proximate cause of Mr. Johns’ alleged injuries,
`
`illnesses, or damages, if any.
`
`CROSS CLAIM OF DEFENDANT/CROSS-CLAIM PLAINTIFF DURACELL
`
`U.S. OPERATIONS, INC. AGAINST ALL CO-DEFENDANTS
`
`
`
`14
`
`
`
`1. Plaintiffs in this action filed a complaint against Defendant/Cross-Claim Plaintiff
`
`alleging that Plaintiffs sustained certain asbestos-related diseases and other injuries, and all said
`
`allegations were denied by Defendant/Cross-Claim Plaintiff.
`
`2. Although Defendant Duracell denies all the claims set forth in Plaintiffs’ Complaint, in
`
`the event that Defendant Duracell is found liable to Plaintiffs, then all other defendants are liable
`
`for equitable contribution and/or statutory contribution pursuant to Conn.Gen.Stat. §52-572o,
`
`and /or allocation of fault.
`
`3. Only in the event that Defendant Duracell is found liable to Plaintiffs, for purposes of
`
`this cross-claim, all allegations set forth in Plaintiffs’ Complaint or related third party complaints
`
`against said defendants are adopted and incorporated as set forth fully herein.
`
`4. Only in the event that Defendant Duracell is found liable to Plaintiffs, in whole or in
`
`part, then the cross-claim defendants are liable to Defendant Duracell for all or part of Plaintiffs’
`
`claimed damages.
`
`WHEREFORE, Defendant/cross-claim Plaintiff claims: a. Contribution for Plaintiffs’
`
`alleged damages pursuant to Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52- 572o; b. Equitable contribution from the
`
`cross-claim defendants for their share of any judgment rendered in favor of Plaintiffs; c. An
`
`allocation of responsibility among defendants; and d. Such other relief as the Court may deem
`
`just and proper.
`
`ANSWER TO ALL CURRENT AND FUTURE CROSS-CLAIMS
`
`Defendant Duracell denies each and every allegation contained in any crossclaim which
`
`may be asserted against it, refers all questions of law to the court and leaves crossclaim Plaintiffs
`
`to their proof.
`
`
`
`15
`
`
`
`WHEREFORE, Duracell demands judgment dismissing Plaintiffs’ Complaint with costs,
`
`disbursements, and attorneys’ fees; awarding judgment against Plaintiffs and/or co-defendants
`
`for the full amount of any verdict judgment or for a proportionate share thereof that Plaintiffs
`
`may recover against Duracell, and for such other and further relief as this court may deem just
`
`and proper.
`
`JURY DEMAND
`
`The defendant requests a trial by jury on all issues in this case.
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`Defendant Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc
`By their attorneys,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kevin J. O’Leary
`
`
`
`
`
`Kevin J. O’Leary, Juris No. 437692
`Benjamin H. Levites, Juris. No. 438801
`Coughlin Betke LLP
`175 Federal Street
`Boston, MA 02110
`
`(617) 988-8050
`koleary@coughlinbetke.com
`blevites@coughlinbetke.com
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`
`I, Kevin J. O’Leary, attorney for Defendant Duracell U.S. Operations, Inc, hereby certify
`that I served a copy of the above document electronically on Christopher Meisenkothen, Esq. of
`Early, Lucarelli, Sweeney & Meisenkothen, LLC and notice of same on all known defense
`counsel of record, on May 12, 2023.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kevin J. O’Leary
`
`___________________________________
`Kevin J. O’Leary
`
`
`
`16
`
`