`
`CONRAD JOHNS and
`ELIZABETH JOHNS
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`v.
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`:
`
`:
`:
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`:
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`SUPERIOR COURT
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`JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF
`FAIRFIELD
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`AT BRIDGEPORT
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`ALFA LAVAL, INC. et al.
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`:
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`FEBRUARY 2, 2023
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`
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`DEFENDANT MORSE TEC LLC, F/K/A BORGWARNER MORSE TEC, LLC, AND
`SUCCESSOR-BY-MERGER TO BORG-WARNER CORPORATION’S ANSWER AND
`SPECIAL DEFENSES TO PLAINTIFFS’ COMPLAINT AND
`ANSWER TO CROSS-CLAIMS
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`Defendant Morse TEC LLC, f/k/a BorgWarner Morse TEC LLC, and Successor-
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`by-Merger to Borg-Warner Corporation (“Morse TEC”), a defendant in the above-
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`captioned action, respectfully submits the following Answer and Special Defenses to
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`Plaintiffs’ Complaint and Answer to Cross-Claims.
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`COUNT I
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`1.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 1 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC does
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`not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and therefore
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`leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`2.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 2 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC does
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`not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and therefore
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`leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`3.
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`Morse TEC admits that it conducted business in the State of Connecticut. Morse
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`TEC denies the remaining allegations of Paragraph 3 of Count I of the Complaint to the
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`extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of Paragraph
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`3 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC does not
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`have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and therefore
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`leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`4.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 4 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC does
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`not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and therefore
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`leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`5.
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`Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 5 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 5 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`6.
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`Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 6 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 6 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`7.
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`Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 7 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 7 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`8.
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`Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 8 of Count I of Complaint to the
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`extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of Paragraph
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`8 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC does not
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`have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and therefore
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`leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`9.
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`Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 9 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`Paragraph 9 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`10. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 10 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 10 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`11. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 11 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 11 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`12. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 12 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 12 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`13. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 13 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 13 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`14. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 14 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 14 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`15. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 15 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 15 of the Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse
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`TEC does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`16. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 16 of Count I of the Complaint,
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`including its subparts, to the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the
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`remaining allegations of Paragraph 16 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to
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`other defendants, Morse TEC does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon
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`which to form a belief and therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`17. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 17 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 17 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`18. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 18 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 18 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`19. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 19 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`
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`Paragraph 19 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`20.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 20 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`21.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 21 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`22. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 22 of Count I of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 22 of Count I of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`23.
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`As to the allegations of Paragraph 23 of Count I of the Complaint, Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`COUNT II
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`1-23. Morse TEC’s answers to Paragraphs 1-23 of Count I of the Complaint are hereby
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`incorporated as if fully set forth herein.
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`24. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 24 of Count II of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 24 of Count II of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`25. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 25 of Count II of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 25 of Count II of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`26. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 26 of Count II of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 26 of Count II of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse TEC
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`27. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 27 of Count II of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 27 of Count II of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`28. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 28 of Count II of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Paragraph 28 of Count II of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse TEC
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`does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`COUNT III
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`1-28. Morse TEC’s answers to Paragraphs 1-28 of Count I and II of the Complaint are
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`hereby incorporated as if fully set forth herein.
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`29. Morse TEC denies the allegations of Paragraph 29 of Count III of the Complaint to
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`the extent the allegations relate to Morse TEC. As to the remaining allegations of
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`Paragraph 29 of Count III of the Complaint as they relate to other defendants Morse
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`TEC does not have sufficient knowledge or information upon which to form a belief and
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`therefore leaves Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`SPECIAL DEFENSES
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`FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The causes of action alleged in Plaintiffs’ Complaint are barred by the applicable
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`statute of limitations and/or statute of repose.
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`SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs willingly, knowingly, and voluntarily assumed the risk of the alleged
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`illnesses and injuries for which relief is sought in this matter.
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`THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`In the event that Plaintiffs suffered injury or damage, such injury or damage was
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`not caused, directly or indirectly, by any act or omission of Morse TEC, but such injury
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`or damage, if any, was caused by the intervening act(s) or omission(s) of persons and/or
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`entities other than Morse TEC, including but not limited to, Plaintiffs’ employer(s), for
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`which act(s) or omission(s) Morse TEC is in no way liable, and therefore Plaintiffs are
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`not entitled to recover from Morse TEC.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`FOURTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs’ negligence and/or carelessness contributed to or caused the injuries or
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`damages complained of, wherefore, the recovery of Plaintiffs is barred in whole or in
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`part, or is subject to diminution.
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`FIFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs’ injuries or damages were caused in whole or in part by the negligence
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`and/or carelessness of the Plaintiffs’ servants or agents, wherefore, the recovery of
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`Plaintiffs is barred in whole or in part, or is subject to diminution.
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`SIXTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The negligence and/or carelessness of Plaintiffs was greater than the alleged
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`negligence of Morse TEC and such negligence and/or carelessness of Plaintiffs
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`contributed to their alleged injuries or damages to such an extent that Plaintiffs is
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`barred from recovery.
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`SEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`At no time did Morse TEC enter into any contract with Plaintiffs and Morse TEC
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`denies that privity of contract existed between Plaintiffs and Morse TEC.
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`EIGHTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Morse TEC gave no special warranties, either express or implied, to Plaintiffs or to
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`anyone acting on their behalf.
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`NINTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Any claim that Plaintiffs may have based on alleged breaches of express or
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`implied warranties (allegations which Morse TEC specifically denies) are barred because
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`Plaintiffs were not in privity of contract with Morse TEC.
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`TENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`If there were express or implied warranties as alleged in the Complaint
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`(allegations which Morse TEC specifically denies), Plaintiffs were not within the scope of
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`any such alleged warranties because he/she/they were not a purchaser, and no sale to
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`Plaintiffs ever occurred of any product sold or distributed by Morse TEC.
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`ELEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`If Morse TEC, its servants or agents made any express warranties (allegations
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`which Morse TEC specifically denies) then Plaintiffs did not rely on the express
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`warranties and further, there was no such reliance by any person or entity authorized
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`to represent Plaintiffs.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`TWELFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs failed to give notice of the alleged breach of warranties within a
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`reasonable time as required by applicable statutes.
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`THIRTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs were not third-party beneficiaries with reference to any alleged
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`warranties, either express or implied, and therefore Plaintiffs cannot recover in this
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`action.
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`FOURTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`If Plaintiffs prove that they were injured or damaged as alleged, said injuries were
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`caused by intervening and/or superseding acts of third persons for whom Morse TEC is
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`not liable.
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`FIFTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`If Plaintiffs settled with and/or released other defendants or entities who are
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`tortfeasors, Morse TEC is entitled to a reduction of any judgment either in the total of
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`all the settlement amounts or the pro-rata share of fault of said tortfeasors as
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`determined by the Court or Jury, whichever is greater.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`SIXTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs’ claims are barred by the doctrines of estoppel, laches and/or waiver.
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`SEVENTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The equipment supplied by Morse TEC which Plaintiffs allegedly used or were
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`exposed to, if any, was not in the same condition as when sold, having been materially
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`altered and/or modified sometime after the sale and prior to Plaintiffs’ alleged use or
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`exposure.
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`EIGHTEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs and/or other persons used equipment supplied by Morse TEC, if indeed
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`any was used, in an unreasonable manner, not reasonably foreseeable to Morse TEC,
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`and for a purpose for which the equipment was not intended, manufactured, or
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`designed; Plaintiffs’ injuries and damages, if any, were directly and proximately caused
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`by said misuse and abuse, and Plaintiffs’ recovery herein, if any, is barred or must be
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`diminished in proportion to the fault attributable to Plaintiffs and/or such other parties
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`and persons.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`NINETEENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`At all relevant times hereto, the state of medical and scientific knowledge and the
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`state of art or the design and manufacture of asbestos-containing products were such
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`that Morse TEC neither knew nor should have known that equipment that Morse TEC
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`supplied presented a significant risk of harm to Plaintiffs.
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`TWENTIETH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Plaintiffs have failed to mitigate damages and are, therefore, barred from
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`recovery.
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`TWENTY-FIRST SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The alleged injury or damage sustained as a result of the occupation of Plaintiffs
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`was an occupational disease and accordingly Morse TEC is not liable or responsible for
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`any occupational disease which was suffered or sustained by Plaintiffs in the course of
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`Plaintiffs’ employment over a number of years.
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`TWENTY-SECOND SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The utility of the equipment supplied by Morse TEC outweighs the danger
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`allegedly involved, and therefore, Plaintiffs’ claims are barred as a matter of public
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`policy.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`TWENTY-THIRD SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`The Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted to the
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`extent that it seeks punitive damages or exemplary damages, which are not recoverable
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`under applicable law.
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`TWENTY-FOURTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`An award of punitive damages against any of the defendants in these cases would
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`be unconstitutional and in violation of the due process and equal protection clause of
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`the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and the
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`corresponding provisions of the Constitution of the State of Connecticut.
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`TWENTY-FIFTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`If Plaintiffs were exposed to any equipment supplied by Morse TEC, then Morse
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`TEC is not liable to Plaintiffs as a matter of law because of the government contract
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`and/or government specification defenses.
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`TWENTY-SIXTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Morse TEC avers that this court lacks jurisdiction based upon improper venue.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`TWENTY-SEVENTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Morse TEC avers that this court should deny jurisdiction based upon forum non-
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`conveniens.
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`TWENTY-EIGHTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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` To the extent that the Plaintiffs seek to maintain a claim for relief on behalf of any
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`decedent, the Plaintiffs lacks capacity and/or standing to maintain such claim for relief
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`against Morse TEC.
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`TWENTY-NINTH SPECIAL DEFENSE
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`Morse TEC avers that this dispute may be decided under the law of another state
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`or Maritime law based upon Plaintiffs’ alleged exposures.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`DEFENDANT MORSE TEC LLC ’S ANSWER TO CROSS-CLAIMS
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`Defendant Morse TEC hereby denies each and every allegation contained in any
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`cross-claims or cross-complaints which have been or may be asserted against it, refers
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`all questions of law to the Court and leaves cross-claim Plaintiffs to their proof.
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`Defendant hereby adopts, as applicable to any cross-claims, all special defenses set
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`forth in its Answer to Plaintiffs’ Complaint.
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`WHEREFORE, this answering defendant demands judgment dismissing the
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`cross-claim Plaintiffs’ various cross-claims with costs, disbursements and attorney’s
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`fees; awarding judgment against Plaintiffs, and/or co-defendants, for the full amount of
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`any verdict and judgment or for a proportionate share thereof that Plaintiffs may
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`recover against this answering defendant; and for such other and further relief as this
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`court may deem just and proper.
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`DEFENDANT,
`MORSE TEC LLC
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`
`By: /s/ 439994
`RICHARD M. DIGHELLO, JR., ESQ.
`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
`225 Asylum Street, 20th Floor
`Hartford, CT 06103
`Tel. (860) 548-2600
` Juris No: 065040
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`
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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`CERTIFICATION
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`TTHEIR IS TO CERTIFY that a copy of the foregoing has been mailed, postage
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`prepaid, and/or sent via electronic mail to counsel listed below and all counsel of record
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`this 2nd day of February, 2023.
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`Early Lucarelli Sweeney & Meisenkothen, LLC
`265 Church St.
`11th Floor
`New Haven, CT 06510
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`John J. Robinson, Esq.
`Gordon & Rees LLP
`95 Glastonbury Blvd.
`Suite 206
`Glastonbury, CT 06033
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`By: /s/ 413073
`RICHARD M. DIGHELLO, JR., ESQ
`Commissioner of the Superior Court
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`Goodwin Square • 225 Asylum Street •Hartford, Connecticut 06103-1516 • Tel. (860) 548-2600 • Fax (860) 548-2680 • Juris No. 65040
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`Updike, Kelly & Spellacy, P.C.
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