Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6370 Page 1 of 14
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`
`
`RANDY S. GROSSMAN
`United States Attorney
`MELANIE K. PIERSON
`SABRINA L. FEVE
`Assistant U.S. Attorneys
`California Bar No. 112520/226590
`Office of the U.S. Attorney
`880 Front Street, Room 6293
`San Diego, CA 92101
`Tel: (619) 546-7976
`Fax: (619) 546-0631
`Email:Melanie.Pierson@usdoj.gov/Sabrina.Feve@usdoj.gov
`
`CANDINA S. HEATH
`Senior Counsel
`Texas Bar No. 09347450
`Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
`U.S. Department of Justice
`Washington, D.C. 20005
`Tel: (202) 307-1049
`Email: Candina.Heath2@usdoj.gov
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`United States of America
`
`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`
`SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
`Case No. 18-CR-4683-GPC
`
`
`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED
`
`Plaintiff,
`JURY INSTRUCTIONS
`
`v.
`
`
` JACOB BYCHAK (1),
`MARK MANOOGIAN (2),
`ABDUL MOHAMMED QAYYUM
`(3), and
`PETR PACAS (4),
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`
`COMES NOW the plaintiff, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, by and through its
`counsel, Randy S. Grossman, Acting United States Attorney, Melanie K. Pierson and
`Sabrina L. Fève, Assistant U.S. Attorneys, and Candina Heath, Senior Counsel, Computer
`Crime and Intellectual Property Section, and hereby files the Government’s Proposed Jury
`
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`RANDY S. GROSSMAN
`United States Attorney
`MELANIE K. PIERSON
`SABRINA L. FEVE
`Assistant U.S. Attorneys
`California Bar No. 112520/226590
`Office of the U.S. Attorney
`880 Front Street, Room 6293
`San Diego, CA 92101
`Tel: (619) 546-7976
`Fax: (619) 546-0631
`Email:Melanie.Pierson@usdoj.gov/Sabrina.Feve@usdoj.gov
`
`CANDINA S. HEATH
`Senior Counsel
`Texas Bar No. 09347450
`Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section
`U.S. Department of Justice
`Washington, D.C. 20005
`Tel: (202) 307-1049
`Email: Candina.Heath2@usdoj.gov
`
`Attorneys for Plaintiff
`United States of America
`
`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`
`SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`
`UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
`Case No. 18-CR-4683-GPC
`
`
`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED
`
`Plaintiff,
`JURY INSTRUCTIONS
`
`v.
`
`
` JACOB BYCHAK (1),
`MARK MANOOGIAN (2),
`ABDUL MOHAMMED QAYYUM
`(3), and
`PETR PACAS (4),
`
`
`
`
`
`Defendants.
`
`
`
`COMES NOW the plaintiff, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, by and through its
`counsel, Randy S. Grossman, Acting United States Attorney, Melanie K. Pierson and
`Sabrina L. Fève, Assistant U.S. Attorneys, and Candina Heath, Senior Counsel, Computer
`Crime and Intellectual Property Section, and hereby files the Government’s Proposed Jury
`
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6371 Page 2 of 14
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`
`Instructions relating to this case. The Government reserves the right to supplement or
`amend this request as suggested by the evidence elicited during the trial.
`
`DATED: May 12, 2022
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`RANDY S. GROSSMAN
` United States Attorney
`
`/s/Melanie K. Pierson
`Assistant U. S. Attorney
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6372 Page 3 of 14
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`The United States requests that the court give the following 2022 Ninth Circuit
`Pattern Jury Instructions:
`
`
`Duty of Jury
`The Charge – Presumption of Innocence
`What is Evidence
`What is Not Evidence
`Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
`Ruling on Objections
`Credibility of Witnesses
`Conduct of the Jury
`No Transcript Available to Jury
`Taking Notes
`Outline of Trial
`Separate Consideration for Each Defendant
`Bench Conferences and Recesses
`Cautionary Instruction
`Depositions as Substantive Evidence
`Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts of the Defendant
`Evidence for a Limited Purpose
`Statements of the Defendant
`Other Crimes, Wrongs or Acts of Defendant
`Testimony of Witnesses Involving Special Circumstances: Immunity,
`Benefits, Accomplice, Plea
`Opinion Evidence, Expert Witness
`Dual Role Testimony
`Charts and Summaries Not Admitted as Evidence
`Charts and Summaries Admitted as Evidence
`Aiding and Abetting
`Knowingly – Defined
`Intent to Defraud
`
`1.1
`1.2
`1.3
`1.4
`1.5
`1.6
`1.7
`1.8
`1.9
`1.10
`1.11
`1.13
`1.16
`2.1
`2.5
`2.10
`2.12
`3.1
`3.3
`3.9
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`3.14
`3.15
`3.16
`3.17
`4.1
`4.8
`4.13
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`3
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`
`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6373 Page 4 of 14
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`6.3
`6.4
`6.5
`6.6
`6.7
`6.8
`6.9
`6.10
`6.13
`6.15
`6.18
`6.19
`6.20
`6.21
`6.22
`6.23
`6.24
`11.1
`11.4
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`11.6
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`6.1
`6.2
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`Duties of Jury to Find Facts and Follow Law
`Charge Against Defendant Not Evidence – Presumption of
`Innocence-Burden of Proof
`Defendant’s Decision Not to Testify
`Defendant’s Decision to Testify
`Reasonable Doubt – Defined
`What is Evidence
`What is Not Evidence
`Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
`Credibility of Witnesses
`Activities not Charged
`Separate Consideration of Multiple Counts – Multiple Defendants
`Possession - Defined
`On or About Defined
`Duty to Deliberate
`Consideration of Evidence
`Use of Notes
`Jury Considerations of Punishment
`Verdict Form
`Communications with the Court
`Conspiracy – Elements
`Conspiracy – Knowledge of and Association with Other
`Conspirators
`Conspiracy – Liability for Substantive Offense Committed by Co-
`Conspirator (Pinkerton Charge)
`Scheme to Defraud – Vicarious Liability
`15.33
`15.35 Wire Fraud
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6374 Page 5 of 14
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`In addition to the Pattern Instructions, the government requests that the court give
`the following instructions:
`
`
`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 1
`
`
`The defendant is charged in Counts 6 through 10 with electronic mail fraud, in violation
`of Section 1037(a)(5) of Title 18 of the United States Code. For the defendant to be
`found guilty of that charge, the government must prove each of the following elements
`beyond a reasonable doubt:
`
`1. The defendant knowingly falsely represented himself to be the registrant or the
`legitimate successor in interest to the registrant of five or more Internet Protocol
`addresses;
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`2. The defendant intentionally initiated the transmission of multiple commercial
`electronic mail messages from those Internet Protocol addresses;
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`3. The volume of the electronic mail messages transmitted in furtherance of the
`offense exceeded 2,500 during any 24-hour period, 25,000 during any 30-day
`period or 250,000 during any 1-year period; and
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`4. The electronic mail messages were transmitted in or affecting interstate commerce.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(a)(5), (b)(2)(D).
`
`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6375 Page 6 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 2
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`The term “multiple,” when used with respect to commercial electronic mail messages, is
`defined as more than 100 electronic mail messages during a 24-hour period, more than
`1,000 electronic mail messages during a 30-day period, or more than 10,000 electronic mail
`messages during a 1-year period.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(3).
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`6
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6376 Page 7 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 3
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`The term “commercial electronic mail message” means any electronic mail message the
`primary purpose of which is the commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial
`product or service (including content on an Internet website operated for a commercial
`purpose).
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(4); 15 U.S.C. §7702(2)(A).
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6377 Page 8 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 4
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`The term “commercial electronic mail message” does not include a transactional or
`relationship message.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(4); 15 U.S.C. §7702(2)(B).
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6378 Page 9 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 5
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`The term “transactional or relationship message,” when used with respect to a commercial
`electronic mail message, means an electronic mail message the primary purpose of which
`is:
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`(1) to facilitate, complete, or confirm a commercial transaction that the recipient has
`previously agreed to enter into with the sender;
`(2) to provide warranty information, product recall information, or safety or security
`information with respect to a commercial product or service used or purchased by
`the recipient;
`(3) to provide (a) notification concerning a change in the terms or features of,
`(b) notification of a change in the recipient’s standing or status with respect to; or (c) at
`regular periodic intervals, account balance information or other type of account statement
`with respect to, a subscription, membership, account, loan, or comparable ongoing
`commercial relationship involving the ongoing purchase or use by the recipient of products
`or services offered by the sender;
`(4) to provide information directly related to an employment relationship or related
`benefit plan in which the recipient is currently involved, participating, or enrolled; or
`(5) to deliver goods or services, including product updates or upgrades, that
`the recipient is entitled to receive under the terms of a transaction that the recipient has
`previously agreed to enter into with the sender.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(4); 15 U.S.C. §7702(17)(A).
`
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6379 Page 10 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 6
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`to a commercial electronic mail
`term “initiate,” when used with respect
`The
`message, means to originate or transmit such message or to procure the origination or
`transmission of such message, but shall not include actions that constitute routine
`conveyance of such message. More than one person may be considered to have initiated a
`message.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(4); 15 U.S.C. §7702(9).
`
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6380 Page 11 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 7
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`The term “routine conveyance,” when used with respect to a commercial electronic mail
`message, means the transmission, routing, relaying, handling, or storing, through an
`automatic technical process, of an electronic mail message for which another person has
`identified the recipients or provided the recipient addresses.
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`18 U.S.C. §1037(d)(4); 15 U.S.C. §7702(15).
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6381 Page 12 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 8
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`The term “interstate commerce” includes commerce between one State, Territory,
`Possession, or the District of Columbia and another State, Territory, Possession, or the
`District of Columbia.
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`18 U.S.C. §10
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6382 Page 13 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 9
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`A “registrant” of an IP address is the person or entity who has been assigned the IP address
`by ARIN (the American Registry of Internet Numbers), or one of the other four regional
`internet registries, or their predecessors, and whose information is stored and listed in
`ARIN or the regional internet registry’s WhoIs database, or the public database for that
`registry.
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`United States v. Bychak, 441 F.Supp.3d 1003, 1016 (S.D. Cal Feb. 28, 2020).
`13
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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`18-cr-4683-GPC
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`Case 3:18-cr-04683-GPC Document 413 Filed 05/10/22 PageID.6383 Page 14 of 14
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`GOVERNMENT’S PROPOSED JURY INSTRUCTION 10
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` A
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` “legitimate successor in interest to the registrant” is “a successor to another’s interest”
`in the assigned IP address who has obtained such interest lawfully.
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`United States v. Bychak, 441 F.Supp.3d 1003, 1012 (S.D. Cal Feb. 28, 2020).
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`Government’s Proposed Jury Instructions
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