Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 1 of 4
`Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 1 of 4
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`EXHIBIT 12
`EXHIBIT 12
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`Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 2 of 4
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`SECOND EDITION
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`MOUNTAIN VIEW
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`BUSINESS, SCHOOL,
`LIBRARY, AND HOME
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`ny
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`COMPLETELY
`REVISED AND
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`esa
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`‘THE COMPREHENSIVE
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`STANDARD FOR
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`LIBRARY
`FENWICK & WEST
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`Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 3 of 4
`Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 3 of 4
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
`business, school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-55615-597-2
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`1. Computers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`II. Title: Computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M54
`1993
`004'.03--dce20
`
`93-29868
`CIP
`
`Printed and boundin the United States of America.
`
`456789 MLML 98765
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
`Publishing Corporation.
`
`Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
`Penguin BooksLtd.
`
`Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
`Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
`Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
`
`British Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.
`
`Project Editor: Casey D. Doyle
`Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
`Technical Editors: Mary DeJong,Jeff Carey, Dail Magee,Jr., Jim Fuchs, Seth McEvoy
`
`

`

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`Case 5:18-md-02834-BLF Document 412-13 Filed 04/22/19 Page 4 of 4
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`K See kilo-.
`K&R C The version of the C programming lan-
`guage that was defined by Brian W. Kernighan
`and Dennis M. Ritchie. K&R C was the informal C
`standard until a more formal standard was devel-
`oped by an ANSI committee. See also ANSI C, C.
`Kb See kilobit.
`KB See kilobyte.
`Kbit See kilobit.
`_Kbps See kilobits per second.
`Kbyte See kilobyte.
`ke See kilocycle.
`Kermit A file-transfer protocol used in asynchro-
`nous communications. Developed at Columbia
`University primarily as a means of transferring in-
`formation between microcomputers and main-
`frames, Kermit is a widely known protocol used
`in numerous software packages designed for
`communications over telephone lines. Informa-
`tion is transmitted in variable-length units (pack-
`ets), which are normally up to 96 bytes long, and
`each packet is checked for transmission errors.
`Control characters are converted into standard
`printable ASCII characters (decimal codes 32
`through 126) and canthusbetransferred without
`the risk of misinterpretation at the receiving end.
`Compare Xmodem.
`kern To selectively alter the distance between
`pairs of letters; for readability and to make the
`type spacing more balanced and proportional.
`Somepairs of letters that are typically kerned are
`AV, WA, and YO. Seethe illustration.
`kernel The core of an operating system; the por-
`tion of the system that manages memory,files,
`and peripheral devices; maintains the time and
`
`
`date; launches applications; and allocates system
`resources.
`key On a keyboard, the combination of a plastic
`keycap (which typically has a character printed
`onits face), a tension mechanism that suspends
`the keycap butallowsit to be pressed down, and
`an electronic mechanism that records the key.
`press and keyrelease.
`In database management, an identifier for a
`record or group of records in a datafile. Most of-
`ten, the key is defined as the contents of a single
`field, called the key field in some database man-
`agement programs and the indexfield in others.
`In most database managementsystems, the keys
`(meaning the contents of a single key field or the
`composite key) are maintained in key tables and
`are specially indexed to speed record retrieval. In
`many database management systems, these key
`tables are called index files. See also B-tree, hash-
`ing, index, invertedlist.
`A key can also be the code for deciphering
`encrypted data,or it can be a metal key used with
`a physical lock to disable a computer system.
`keyboard The part of a computer system that re-
`sembles a typewriter keyboard and enables the
`
`AWAKE
`AWAKE
`
`Thefirst three letters of the second example
`are kerned.
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`227
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