Case 4:18-cv-07229-YGR Document 195-13 Filed 05/10/21 Page 1 of 4
`Case 4:18-cv-07229—YGR Document 195-13 Filed 05/10/21 Page 1 of 4
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`EXHIBIT 8
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`EXHIBIT 8
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`Case 4:18-cv-07229-YGR Document 195-13 Filed 05/10/21 Page 2 of 4
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`. mane"
`
`-- LH’HILS
`
`Microsoft“
`
`Computer
`Dictionary
`
`eeftware, the Internet, and mare!
`
`Fifth Ed itiO‘i
`
`- Fatty updated with the Iate'at
`technologies, terms, and acronym;
`
`- Easy ta read, expertly Htuatraite'd
`
`1- Definitive coverage at hardware,-
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`

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`Case 4:18-cv-07229-YGR Document 195-13 Filed 05/10/21 Page 3 of 4
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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright © 2002 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary.--5th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7356-1495-4
`1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`200219714
`
`AQ76.5. M52267 2002
`004'.03--dc21
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT
`7 6 5 4 3 2
`Distributed in Canada by H.B. Fenn and Company Ltd.
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further informa-
`tion about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft
`Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at www.microsoft.com/mspress.
`Send comments to mspinput@microsoft.com.
`Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, ActiveStore, ActiveSync, ActiveX, Authenticode,
`BackOffice, BizTalk, ClearType, Direct3D, DirectAnimation, DirectDraw, DirectInput, DirectMusic,
`DirectPlay, DirectShow, DirectSound, DirectX, Entourage, FoxPro, FrontPage, Hotmail, IntelliEye,
`IntelliMouse, IntelliSense, JScript, MapPoint, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, Mobile Explorer, MS-DOS,
`MSN, Music Central, NetMeeting, Outlook, PhotoDraw, PowerPoint, SharePoint, UltimateTV, Visio,
`Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual FoxPro, Visual InterDev, Visual J++, Visual SourceSafe, Visual Studio,
`Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows Media, Windows NT, Xbox are either registered trademarks or
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, e-mail addresses, logos, people, places,
`and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product,
`domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`Acquisitions Editor: Alex Blanton
`Project Editor: Sandra Haynes
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`Body Part No. X08-41929
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`

`

`Case 4:18-cv-07229-YGR Document 195-13 Filed 05/10/21 Page 4 of 4
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`Compressed SLIP
`
`computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
`
`C
`
`Compressed SLIP n. Short for Compressed Serial Line
`Internet Protocol. A version of SLIP using compressed
`Internet address information, thereby making the protocol
`faster than SLIP. Acronym: CSLIP. See also SLIP.
`compression n. See data compression.
`compressor n. A device that limits some aspect of a
`transmitted signal, such as volume, in order to increase
`efficiency.
`CompuServe n. An online information service that is a
`subsidiary of America Online. CompuServe provides
`information and communications capabilities, including
`Internet access. It is primarily known for its technical sup-
`port forums for commercial hardware and software prod-
`ucts and for being one of the first large commercial online
`services. CompuServe also operates various private net-
`work services.
`computational intelligence n. The study of the design
`of intelligent agents whose reasoning is based on compu-
`tational methods. The central scientific goal of computa-
`tional intelligence is to understand the principles that
`make intelligent behavior possible, in natural or artificial
`systems. An intelligent agent is flexible to changing envi-
`ronments and changing goals—it learns from experience,
`and it makes appropriate choices given perceptual limita-
`tions and finite computation. The central engineering goal
`of computational intelligence is to specify methods for the
`design of useful, intelligent artifacts. See also agents (def-
`inition 2), artificial intelligence, autonomous agent.
`computation-bound adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteris-
`tic of a situation in which the performance of a computer is
`limited by the number of arithmetic operations the micropro-
`cessor must perform. When a system is computation-bound,
`the microprocessor is overloaded with calculations. Also
`called: CPU-bound.
`compute vb. 1. To perform calculations. 2. To use a com-
`puter or cause it to do work.
`computer n. Any device capable of processing informa-
`tion to produce a desired result. No matter how large or
`small they are, computers typically perform their work in
`three well-defined steps: (1) accepting input, (2) process-
`ing the input according to predefined rules (programs),
`and (3) producing output. There are several ways to cate-
`gorize computers, including class (ranging from micro-
`computers to supercomputers), generation (first through
`fifth generation), and mode of processing (analog versus
`digital). See the table. See also analog, digital (definition
`
`118
`
`2), integrated circuit, large-scale integration, very-large-
`scale integration.
`
`Generation
`
`Table C.1 Ways to Categorize Computers
`Computers can be classified as super-
`Class
`computers, mainframes, superminicom-
`puters, minicomputers, workstations,
`microcomputers, or PDAs. All other
`things (for example, the age of the
`machine) being equal, such a categoriza-
`tion provides some indication of the com-
`puter’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
`First-generation computers of historic
`significance, such as UNIVAC, intro-
`duced in the early 1950s, were based on
`vacuum tubes. Second-generation com-
`puters, appearing in the early 1960s,
`were those in which transistors replaced
`vacuum tubes. Third-generation comput-
`ers, dating from the 1960s, were those in
`which integrated circuits replaced tran-
`sistors. Fourth-generation computers,
`appearing in the mid-1970s, are those,
`such as microcomputers, in which large-
`scale integration (LSI) enabled thousands
`of circuits to be incorporated on one
`chip. Fifth-generation computers are
`expected to combine very-large-scale
`integration (VLSI) with sophisticated
`approaches to computing, including arti-
`ficial intelligence and true distributed
`processing.
`Computers are either analog or digital.
`Analog computers, generally used in sci-
`entific pursuits, represent values by con-
`tinuously variable signals that can have
`any of an infinite number of values
`within a limited range at any particular
`time. Digital computers, the type most
`people think of as computers, represent
`values by discrete signals—the bits rep-
`resenting the binary digits 0 and 1.
`computer-aided designn. See CAD.
`computer-aided design and drafting n. See CADD.
`computer-aided design/ computer-aided
`manufacturing n. See CAD/CAM.
`
`Mode of
`processing
`
`