`
`
`
`Alfred R. Fabricant (pro hac vice)
`afabricant@fabricantllp.com
`Peter Lambrianakos (pro hac vice)
`plambrianakos@fabricantllp.com
`Vincent J. Rubino, III (pro hac vice)
`vrubino@fabricantllp.com
`Enrique Iturralde (pro hac vice)
`eiturralde@fabricantllp.com
`FABRICANT LLP
`411 Theodore Fremd Ave., Suite 206 South
`Rye, New York 10580
`Telephone: (212) 257-5797
`Facsimile: (212) 257-5796
`
`Benjamin T. Wang (CA SBN 228712)
`bwang@raklaw.com
`Minna Y. Chan (CA SBN 305941)
`mchan@raklaw.com
`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
`12424 Wilshire Boulevard, 12th Floor
`Los Angeles, California 90025
`Telephone: (310) 826-7474
`Facsimile: (310) 826-9226
`
`Attorneys for Defendant
`AGIS Software Development LLC
`
`
`LYFT, INC.,
`
`
`
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`v.
`
`Plaintiff,
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`
`NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`
`SAN JOSE DIVISION
` Case No. 5:21-cv-04653-BLF
`
`Hon. Judge Beth Labson Freeman
`
`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO
`DISMISS COMPLAINT FOR
`DECLARATORY JUDGMENT;
`MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND
`AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT
`
` January 27, 2022
`Date:
` 9:00 a.m.
`Time:
`Location: Courtroom 3
`
`[Declaration of Malcolm K. Beyer, Jr; and
`Proposed Order filed concurrently herewith]
`
`
`AGIS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LLC,
`
`
`Defendant.
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 2 of 26
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS
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`PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that on January 27, 2022 at 9:00 a.m., or as soon thereafter as
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`the matter may be heard before The Honorable Beth Labson Freeman in the United States District
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`Court for the Northern District of California in the Robert F. Peckham Federal Building & United
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`States Courthouse, Courtroom 3, 5th Floor, 280 South 1st Street, San Jose, California 95113,
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`Defendant AGIS Software Development LLC (“AGIS Software” or “Defendant”) will and hereby
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`does move the Court, for: (1) an order dismissing the Complaint for Declaratory Judgment filed by
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`Plaintiff Lyft, Inc. (“Lyft” or “Plaintiff”) pursuant to Rule 12(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil
`
`Procedure; (2) an order dismissing the Complaint for Declaratory Judgment in favor of the first-filed
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`action; or (3) in the alternative, an order staying this action pending a decision on Lyft’s motion to
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`dismiss, or in the alternative, to transfer, which is currently pending in the Eastern District of Texas.
`
`This Motion is made on the grounds that the Court lacks personal jurisdiction over AGIS
`
`Software. AGIS Software is a Texas corporation with its principal place of business in Marshall,
`
`Texas. AGIS Software is not registered to conduct business in California; does not have a registered
`
`agent for service of process in California; does not have offices, employees, equipment, bank
`
`accounts or other assets in California; is not subject and has never paid taxes in California; does not
`
`manufacture or sell products in California; does not solicit or engage in business in California; has
`
`not signed contracts in California; does not recruit employees in California; and does not own, lease,
`
`or rent any property in California. Additionally, AGIS Software has not purposefully directed any
`
`activities related to the enforcement or defense of the Patents-in-Suit at California.
`
`Additionally, this Motion requests that this Court dismiss the Complaint based on the first-
`
`to-file rule. AGIS Software filed a complaint against Lyft in the Eastern District of Texas nearly
`
`five months prior to the filing of Lyft’s Complaint in this Court. The two actions involve the same
`
`parties and the same issues, and accordingly, the first-to-file rule applies here. There are no
`
`exceptions to the rule that apply and, even if there were, whether any exceptions should trump the
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`first-to-file rule should be determined by the Eastern District of Texas. In the alternative, the Court
`
`should stay this action pending resolution of Lyft’s motion in the Eastern District of Texas, where
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS COMPLAINT, MEMORANDUM, CASE NO. 5:21-cv-04653
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`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 3 of 26
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`parties have completed briefing and the court has ordered an evidentiary hearing for September 29,
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`2021. AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. T-Mobile USA, Inc. et al., No. 2:21-cv-00072-JRG, Dkt. 125
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`(E.D. Tex. Aug. 18, 2021).
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`The Motion will be and is based on this Notice of Motion and Motion, the accompanying
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`Memorandum of Points and Authorities, the accompanying declaration, the pleadings and papers
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`filed herein, as well as upon such and other further mattes, papers, and arguments as may be
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`presented to the Court.
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`DATED: September 27, 2021
`
`
`
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
`By: /s/ Benjamin T. Wang
`
` Benjamin T. Wang
`
`FABRICANT LLP
`Alfred R. Fabricant
`ffabricant@fabricantllp.com
`Peter Lambrianakos
`plambrianakos@fabricantllp.com
`Vincent J. Rubino, III
`vrubino@fabricantllp.com
`411 Theodore Fremd Ave., Suite 206 South
`Rye, New York 10580
`Telephone: (212) 257-5797
`Facsimile: (212) 257-5796
`
`
`
`
`
`Attorneys for Defendant
`AGIS Software Development LLC
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 4 of 26
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Page
`
`I. PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ............................................................................................ 1
`
`II. BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................... 2
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`The Parties .......................................................................................................................... 2
`
`Prior Enforcement Actions ................................................................................................. 2
`
`III. LEGAL STANDARD .............................................................................................................. 4
`
`A. Motion to Dismiss............................................................................................................... 4
`
`B.
`
`First-to-File Rule ................................................................................................................ 5
`
`IV. ARGUMENT ........................................................................................................................... 6
`
`A.
`
`Personal Jurisdiction Does Not Exist Over AGIS Software in California ......................... 6
`
`General Jurisdiction Does Not Exist Over AGIS Software Because AGIS Software Is
`1.
`Not “At Home” in California .................................................................................................... 7
`
`2.
`
`Specific Jurisdiction Does Not Exist Over AGIS Software in California ...................... 9
`
`V. LYFT’S COMPLAINT SHOULD BE DISMISSED UNDER THE FIRST-TO-FILE
`RULE .............................................................................................................................................. 15
`
`VI. IN THE ALTERNATIVE, THIS ACTION SHOULD BE STAYED PENDING A
`DECISION IN THE TEXAS ACTION ....................................................................................... 18
`
`VII. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 19
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Page
`
`Cases
`3D Sys., Inc. v. Aarotech Labs., Inc.,
`160 F.3d 1373 (Fed Cir. 1998) .............................................................................................. 13, 15
`Adobe Sys., Inc. v. Tejas Research, LLC,
`No. C-14-0868 EMC, 2014 WL 4651654 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 17, 2014) .................................. 10, 11
`AFTG-TG, LLC v. Nuvoton Tech. Corp.,
`689 F.3d 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ..................................................................................................... 5
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Apple, Inc.,
`2018 WL 2721826 (E.D. Tex. June 6, 2018) .............................................................................. 15
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Google LLC,
`No. 2:19-cv-000361-JRG, Dkt. 147 (E.D. Tex. Dec. 8, 2020) ................................................... 17
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. HTC Corp.,
`2018 WL 4680557 (E.D. Tex. Sept. 28, 2018) ........................................................................... 15
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Huawei Device USA Inc., et al.,
`No. 2:17-cv00513-JRG, Dkt. 205 (E.D. Tex. Oct. 10, 2018) ..................................................... 17
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. T-Mobile USA, Inc.,
`No. 2:19-cv-00072-JRG, Dkt. 80 (E.D. Tex. June 4, 2021)........................................................ 17
`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. ZTE Corp. et al.,
`Case No. 2:17-cv-517 (E.D. Tex. .................................................................................................. 3
`Allphin v. Peter K. Fitness, LLC,
`2014 WL 6997653 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2014) ............................................................................ 15
`Alltrade, Inc. v. Uniweld Prods., Inc.,
`946 F.2d 622 (9th Cir. 1991) ......................................................................................................... 6
`Amba Mktg. Sys., Inc. v. Jobar Int’l, Inc.,
`551 F.2d 784 (9th Cir. 1977) ......................................................................................................... 5
`Autogenomics, Inc. v. Oxford Gene Tech. Ltd.,
`566 F.3d 1012 (Fed. Cir. 2009) ....................................................................................... 4, 8, 9, 10
`Avocent Huntsville Corp. v. Aten Int’l Co.,
`552 F.3d 1324 (Fed. Cir. 2008) ............................................................................................ passim
`Breckenridge Pharm., Inc. v. Metabolite Labs., Inc.,
`444 F.3d 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2006) ................................................................................................... 10
`Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz,
`471 U.S. 462 (1985) ...................................................................................................................... 5
`Campbell Pet Co. v. Miale,
`541 F.3d 879 (Fed. Cir. 2008) ....................................................................................................... 7
`Celgard, LLC v. SK Innovation Co.,
`792 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2015) ....................................................................................... 13, 14, 15
`CommVault Sys., Inc. v. PB&J Software, LLC,
`2013 WL 3242251 (N.D. Cal. June 25, 2013) ............................................................................ 12
`Daimler AG v. Bauman,
`571 U.S. 117 (2014) .................................................................................................................. 7, 9
`Data Disc, Inc. v. Systems Tech. Assocs. Inc.,
`557 F.2d 1280 (9th Cir. 1977) ....................................................................................................... 5
`Doe v. Unocal Corp.,
`248 F.3d 915 (9th Cir. 2001) ....................................................................................................... 13
`Elecs. For Imaging, Inc. v. Coyle,
`340 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2003) ..................................................................................................... 5
`Elecs. for Imaging, Inc. v. Coyle,
`394 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2005) ..................................................................................................... 6
`EMC Corp. v. Bright Response, LLC,
`2012 WL 4097707 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 17, 2012) ................................................................ 16, 17, 18
`Futurewei Techs., Inc. v. Acacia Research Corp.,
`737 F.3d 704 (Fed. Cir. 2013) ....................................................................................................... 5
`Genentech, Inc. v. GlaxoSmithKline LLC,
`2010 WL 4923954 (E.D. Tex. Dec. 1, 2010) .............................................................................. 18
`ii
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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`Page
`
`Goodyear Dunlop Tires Ops., S.A. v. Brown,
`131 S. Ct. 2846 (2011) .............................................................................................................. 4, 7
`Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia S.A. v. Hall,
`466 U.S. 408 (1984) .............................................................................................................. 4, 7, 9
`Hildebrand v. Steck Mfg. Co.,
`279 F.3d 1351 (Fed. Cir. 2002) ................................................................................................... 12
`In re Apple, Inc.,
`No. 2018-151 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 16, 2018) ...................................................................................... 15
`In re LG Elecs., Inc.,
`No. 2019-107 (Fed. Cir. Jan. 24, 2019) ....................................................................................... 15
`Int’l Shoe Co. v. Wash.,
`326 U.S. 310 (1945) (quotations omitted) ................................................................................. 4, 7
`Juniper Networks, Inc. v. SSL Servs., LLC,
`No. C08-5758 SBA, 2009 WL 3837266 (N.D. Ca. Nov. 16, 2009) ..................................... 11, 12
`Kyocera Int’l, Inc. v. Semcon IP, Inc.,
`No. 3:18-CV-1575-CAB-MDD, 2018 WL 5112056 (S.D. Cal. Oct. 19, 2018) ............. 10, 11, 12
`Life360, Inc. v. Advanced Ground Information Sys. Inc.,
`2015 WL 5612008 (N.D. Cal. Sep. 21, 2015) ......................................................................... 8, 10
`Marvell Semiconductor Inc. v. Monterey Res., LLC,
`2020 WL 6591197 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 11, 2020) ............................................................................ 15
`Nuance Comms., Inc. v. Abbyy Software House,
`626 F.3d 1222 (Fed. Cir. 2010) ..................................................................................................... 4
`NuCal Foods, Inc. v. Quality Egg LLC,
`887 F. Supp. 2d 977 (E.D. Cal. 2012) ........................................................................................... 5
`NXP Semiconductors USA, Inc. v. Brevets,
`2014 WL 4621017 (N.D Cal. Sept. 15, 2014) ............................................................................. 14
`P.I.C. Int’l Inc. v. Miflex 2 SpA,
`No. 3:17-CV-556-CAB-WVG, 2017 WL 3583122 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2017) ........................ 4, 8
`Pacesette Sys., Inc. v. Medtronic, Inc.,
`678 F.2d 93 (9th Cir. 1982) ........................................................................................................... 6
`Perkins v. Benguet Consol. Mining Co.,
`342 U.S. 437 (1952) ...................................................................................................................... 7
`Radio Sys. Corp. v. Accession, Inc.,
`638 F.3d 785 (Fed. Cir. 2011) ..................................................................................................... 10
`Ranza v. Nike,
`793 F.3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2015) ..................................................................................................... 14
`Red Wing Shoe Co. v. Hockerson-Halberstadt, Inc.,
`148 F.3d 1355 (Fed. Cir. 1998) ................................................................................................... 12
`Ruckus Wireless, Inc. v. Harris Corp.,
`No. 11-cv-019440-LHK, 2012 WL 588792 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 22, 2012) ............................ 6, 15, 16
`SMIC, Ams. v. Innovative Foundry Techs. LLC,
`473 F. Supp. 3d 1021 (N.D. Cal. 2020)................................................................................... 6, 16
`Stewart v. Screen Gems-EMI Music, Inc.,
`81 F. Supp. 3d 938 (N.D. Cal. 2015)..................................................................................... 13, 15
`Walden v. Fiore,
`571 U.S. 277 (2014) ...................................................................................................................... 5
`Xilinx, Inc. v. Invention Inv. Fund I LP, No. C 11-0671 SI,
`2011 WL 3206686 (N.D. Cal. July 27, 2011) (citing Avocent, 552 F.3d at 1329-30) .................. 4
`ZTE (USA) Inc. v. AGIS Software Dev. LLC et al.,
`Case No. 4:18-cv-06185-HSK (N.D. Cal.) ................................................................................... 3
`Statutes
`Cal. Civ. Pro. Code § 410.10 ............................................................................................................. 4
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`STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES TO BE DECIDED
`
`1.
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`Whether this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over AGIS Software in the instant
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`Declaratory Judgment action.
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`2.
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`Whether this action should be transferred to the Eastern District of Texas under the
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`first-to-file rule.
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`3.
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`Or, in the alternative, whether this action should be temporarily stayed pending
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`Lyft’s Motion to Dismiss in the Eastern District of Texas.
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`MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
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`I.
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`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
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`The instant declaratory judgment action, which seeks a determination that Lyft did not infringe
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`several of AGIS Software’s patents, must be dismissed because this Court lacks personal jurisdiction
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`over AGIS Software. AGIS Software is a Texas corporation with a principal place of business in Texas.
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`AGIS Software is not registered to conduct business in California; does not have a registered agent for
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`service of process in California; does not have offices, employees, equipment, bank accounts, or other
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`assets in California; is not subject to and has never paid taxes in California; does not manufacture or sell
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`products in California; does not solicit or engage in business in California; has not signed contracts in
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`California; does not recruit employees in California; and does not own, lease, or rent any property in
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`California. The sole contacts relied on by Lyft to bring litigation against AGIS Software in this Court
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`are enforcement actions filed outside of California against residents of this judicial district, a single
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`declaratory judgment action brought by ZTE (USA) Inc. that was voluntarily dismissed, and allegations
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`that AGIS Software is “an alter ego to AGIS Holdings and/or AGIS.” None of these contacts is sufficient
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`to show that AGIS Software purposefully directed any activities related to the enforcement or defense of
`
`the Patents-in-Suit at California, as is necessary for this Court to exercise personal jurisdiction over AGIS
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`Software in accordance with Federal Due Process. Accordingly, Lyft’s Complaint for Declaratory
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`Judgment should be dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction without leave to amend. Additionally,
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`Lyft files this action for declaratory judgment nearly three months after AGIS Software filed its
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`Complaint in the Eastern District of Texas. As such, this action should be transferred under the first-
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`to-file rule or alternatively, stayed pending Lyft’s Motion to Dismiss filed in the Eastern District of
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`Texas.
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`Additionally, Lyft files this action for declaratory judgment nearly five months after AGIS
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`Software filed its Complaint in the Eastern District of Texas. As such, this action should be
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`transferred under the first-to-file rule or alternatively, stayed pending Lyft’s Motion to Dismiss filed
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`in the Eastern District of Texas.
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`II.
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`BACKGROUND
`
`A. The Parties
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`AGIS Software is the sole owner of all right, title, and interest in and to U.S. Patent Nos.
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`7,630,724 (the “724 Patent”); 7,031,728 (the “’728 Patent”); 8,213,970 (the “’970 Patent”);
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`10,299,100 (the “’100 Patent”); and 10,341,838 (the “’1,838 Patent”) (collectively, the “Patents-in-
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`Suit”). AGIS Software Development LLC v. Lyft, Inc., Case No. 2:21-cv-00024-JRG, Dkt. 1 ¶ 1
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`(E.D. Tex.); Declaration of Malcolm K. Beyer, Jr. (“Beyer Decl.”) ¶ 3.
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`AGIS Software is a Texas corporation with its principal place of business located in Marshall,
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`Texas. Dkt. 1 ¶ 2; see also Beyer Decl. ¶ 9. AGIS Software’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Malcolm
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`K. Beyer, Jr., resides in Florida, not California. Beyer Decl. ¶¶ 2, 4. AGIS Software is not registered
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`to conduct business in California; does not have a registered agent for service of process in
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`California; does not have offices, employees, equipment, bank accounts, or other assets in California;
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`is not subject to and has never paid taxes in California; does not manufacture or sell products in
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`California; does not solicit or engage in business in California; has not signed contracts in California;
`
`does not recruit employees in California; and does not own, lease, or rent any property in California.
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`Beyer Decl. ¶¶ 10-19. Further, no lawsuit has ever been filed by AGIS Software in California for
`
`any reason. Id. ¶ 21.
`
`Lyft alleges that it is a corporation existing under the laws of Delaware with its principal
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`place of business located in San Francisco, California. Dkt. 1 ¶ 1.
`
`B. Prior Enforcement Actions
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`In 2017, AGIS Software filed five patent infringement actions involving some of the Patents-
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`in-Suit in the Eastern District of Texas. See AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Apple, Inc., Case No. 2:17-
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS COMPLAINT, MEMORANDUM, CASE NO. 5:21-cv-04653
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`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 9 of 26
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`cv-516 (E.D. Tex.); AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. HTC Corp., Case No. 2:17-cv-514 (E.D. Tex.);
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`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Huawei Device USA Inc., et al., Case No. 2:17-cv-513 (E.D. Tex.); AGIS
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`Software Dev. LLC v. ZTE Corp. et al., Case No. 2:17-cv-517 (E.D. Tex.) (“ZTE Texas case”); and
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`AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. LG Elecs., Inc., Case No. 2:17-cv-515 (E.D. Tex.) (collectively, “AGIS
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`I Cases”). On September 28, 2018, Judge Gilstrap issued an order to transfer the ZTE Texas case to
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`the Northern District of California, in response to the defendant’s motion to dismiss or transfer for
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`improper venue. See ZTE Texas case, Dkt. 86. On October 8, 2018, AGIS Software filed a Notice
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`of Voluntarily Dismissal (id. Dkt. 86) which the court granted on October 9, 2018. Id., Dkt. 87. That
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`same day, ZTE filed an action in the Northern District of California seeking a judicial declaration of
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`non-infringement, invalidity, and/or unenforceability as to certain of the Patents-in-Suit against
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`AGIS Software, AGIS Holdings, Inc. (“AGIS Holdings”), and Advanced Ground Information
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`Systems, Inc. (“AGIS, Inc.”). ZTE (USA) Inc. v. AGIS Software Dev. LLC et al., Case No. 4:18-cv-
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`06185-HSK (N.D. Cal.). In 2019, AGIS Software filed three patent infringement actions involving
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`some of the Patents-in-Suit in the Eastern District of Texas. See AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Google
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`LLC, Case No. 2:19-cv-361 (E.D. Tex.); AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd. et al.,
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`Case No. 2:19-cv-361 (E.D. Tex.); and AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Waze Mobile Limited, Case No.
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`2:19-cv-359 (E.D. Tex.) (collectively, “AGIS II Cases”). In 2021, AGIS Software filed four
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`infringement actions, including the action against Lyft, involving some of the Patents-in-Suit in the
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`Eastern District of Texas. See AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. T-Mobile USA, Inc., Case No. 2:21-cv-72
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`(E.D. Tex.); AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. Uber Technologies, Inc. d/b/a Uber, Case No. 2:21-cv-26
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`(E.D. Tex.); AGIS Software Dev. LLC v. WhatsApp, Inc., Case No. 2:21-cv-29 (E.D. Tex.); and AGIS
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`Software Dev. LLC v. Lyft, Inc., Case No. 2:21-cv-24 (E.D. Tex.) (the “Lyft Texas case”)
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`(collectively, “AGIS III Cases”).
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`The AGIS II and AGIS III Cases are currently still pending in the Eastern District of Texas.
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`On April 27, 2021, Lyft filed a motion to dismiss for improper venue in the Eastern District of Texas.
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`Lyft Texas case, Dkt. 30.
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS COMPLAINT, MEMORANDUM, CASE NO. 5:21-cv-04653
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`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 10 of 26
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`III.
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`LEGAL STANDARD
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`A. Motion to Dismiss
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`Rule 12(b)(2) requires a district court to dismiss an action when the Court lacks personal
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`jurisdiction over a defendant. In a patent case, including a declaratory judgment action involving a
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`patent, Federal Circuit law governs the inquiry. Avocent Huntsville Corp. v. Aten Int’l Co., 552 F.3d
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`1324, 1328 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (“[W]e apply Federal Circuit law because the jurisdictional issue is
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`‘intimately involved with the substance of patent laws.’”) (citation omitted). Where, like here, an
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`action seeks a declaration of non-infringement and invalidity, personal jurisdiction is required “over
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`the owner, assignee or exclusive licensee of the patent.” See Xilinx, Inc. v. Invention Inv. Fund I LP,
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`No. C 11-0671 SI, 2011 WL 3206686, at *4 (N.D. Cal. July 27, 2011) (citing Avocent, 552 F.3d at
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`1329-30).
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`Personal jurisdiction over a non-resident defendant is proper if permitted by a state’s long-
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`arm statute and if the exercise of jurisdiction does not violate federal Due Process. P.I.C. Int’l Inc.
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`v. Miflex 2 SpA, No. 3:17-CV-556-CAB-WVG, 2017 WL 3583122, at *2 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2017)
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`(citing Nuance Comms., Inc. v. Abbyy Software House, 626 F.3d 1222, 1230 (Fed. Cir. 2010)).
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`“[B]ecause California’s long-arm statute is coextensive with the limits of due process, the two
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`inquiries collapse into a single inquiry: whether jurisdiction comports with due process.”
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`Autogenomics, Inc. v. Oxford Gene Tech. Ltd., 566 F.3d 1012, 1017 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (citation
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`omitted); see also Cal. Civ. Pro. Code § 410.10.
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`To satisfy federal Due Process (1) the defendant must have established certain minimum
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`contacts with the forum state; and (2) the exercise of jurisdiction over the defendant must not offend
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`“traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.” Goodyear Dunlop Tires Ops., S.A. v. Brown,
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`131 S. Ct. 2846, 2853 (2011) (quoting Int’l Shoe Co. v. Wash., 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945) (quotations
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`omitted)). Jurisdiction may be either “general or all-purpose jurisdiction,” or “specific or case-linked
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`jurisdiction.” Id. at 2851 (citing Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408,
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`414 (1984)). “Specific jurisdiction . . . must be based on activities that arise out of our relate to the
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`cause of action.” Autogenomics, 566 F.3d at 1017 (citation omitted). However, “it is essential in
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS COMPLAINT, MEMORANDUM, CASE NO. 5:21-cv-04653
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`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 11 of 26
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`each case that there must be some act by which the defendant purposefully avails itself of the
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`privilege of conducting activities within the forum State, thus invoking the benefits and protections
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`of its laws.” Avocent, 552 F.3d at 1329 (quoting Hanson v. Deckla, 357 U.S. 253 (1958)) (emphasis
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`added). “The purposeful availment requirement ensures that a defendant will not be haled into a
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`jurisdiction solely as a result of random, fortuitous, or attenuated contacts, or of the unilateral activity
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`of another party or a third person.” Id. (citing Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 475
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`(1985)). Moreover, the “‘minimum contacts’ analysis looks to the defendant’s contacts with the
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`forum State itself, not the defendant’s contacts with persons who reside there.” Walden v. Fiore, 571
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`U.S. 277, 285 (2014) (emphasis added).
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`Where, like here, the parties have not conducted discovery and there has been no evidentiary
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`hearing, the plaintiff bears the burden of making a prima facie showing that each defendant is subject
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`to personal jurisdiction. See Elecs. For Imaging, Inc. v. Coyle, 340 F.3d 1344, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2003),
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`cert. denied, 540 U.S. 1111 (2004). The plaintiff cannot “simply rest on the bare allegations of its
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`complaint, but rather [is] obligated to come forward with facts, by affidavit or otherwise, supporting
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`personal jurisdiction.” Amba Mktg. Sys., Inc. v. Jobar Int’l, Inc., 551 F.2d 784, 787 (9th Cir. 1977).
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`Additionally, although the court must accept uncontested allegations as true, it need not consider
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`“bare formulaic accusations” that a defendant maintains sufficient contacts with the forum state.
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`AFTG-TG, LLC v. Nuvoton Tech. Corp., 689 F.3d 1358, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012); see also NuCal
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`Foods, Inc. v. Quality Egg LLC, 887 F. Supp. 2d 977, 988 (E.D. Cal. 2012) (“[T]he court need not
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`consider merely conclusory claims, or legal conclusions in the complaint as establishing
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`jurisdiction.”). It also “may not assume the truth of allegations in a pleading which are contradicted
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`by affidavit.” Data Disc, Inc. v. Systems Tech. Assocs. Inc., 557 F.2d 1280, 1284 (9th Cir. 1977).
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`B. First-to-File Rule
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`“When two actions that sufficiently overlap are filed in different federal district courts, one
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`for infringement and the other for declaratory relief, the declaratory judgment action, if filed later,
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`generally is to be stayed, dismissed, or transferred to the forum of the infringement action.”
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`Futurewei Techs., Inc. v. Acacia Research Corp., 737 F.3d 704, 708 (Fed. Cir. 2013). “There is a
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`NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION TO DISMISS COMPLAINT, MEMORANDUM, CASE NO. 5:21-cv-04653
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`RUSS AUGUST & KABAT
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`Case 5:21-cv-04653-BLF Document 32 Filed 09/27/21 Page 12 of 26
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`generally recognized doctrine of federal comity which permits a district court to decline jurisdiction
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`over an action when a complaint involving the same parties and issues has already been filed in
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`another district.” Pacesette Sys., Inc. v. Medtronic, Inc., 678 F.2d 93, 94-95 (9th Cir. 1982). This
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`rule “promotes judicial efficiency and prevents the risk of inconsistent decisions that would arise
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`from multiple litigations of identical claims.” Ruckus Wireless, Inc. v. Harris Corp., No. 11-cv-
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`019440-LHK, 2012 WL 588792, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 22, 2012). Accordingly, this rule “was
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`developed to ‘serve[]the purpose of promoting efficiency well and should not be disregarded
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`lightly.” Alltrade, Inc