Case 3:17-cv-05659-WHA Document 368-5 Filed 02/14/19 Page 1 of 33
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`DECLARATION OF DR. MICHAEL MITZENMACHER
`I, Michael Mitzenmacher, hereby declare that:
`1.
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`I have been asked by Plaintiff Finjan, Inc. to submit an expert declaration on whether
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`Juniper, Inc.’s SRX Gateways, Sky ATP and ATP Appliance products infringe claim 1 of U.S. Patent
`No. 8,141,154 (the “’154 Patent”). Ex. 1.1 I relied on the documents cited herein, including the ’154
`Patent, the file history of the ’154 Patent, the source code, the deposition transcripts of Tenorio,
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`Manthena, Nagarajan, and Manocha, the trial transcript for this case, exhibits thereto, Finjan’s
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`Infringement Contentions, and Juniper’s Discovery Responses.
`I.
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`EXPERIENCE AND QUALIFICATIONS
`2.
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`I received a Ph.D degree in Computer Science from the University of California at
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`Berkeley in 1996. I am currently employed as a Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University.
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`I have published over 200 research papers in computer science conferences and journals, many of
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`which have explored computer securities and computer networks, such as algorithms and data
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`structures for communication networks and data transmission. I regularly serve on program
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`committees for conferences in networking, algorithms, and communication, including SIGCOMM,
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`NSDI, and CoNEXT. I have also taught graduate courses relating to computer networking.
`3.
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`My rate of compensation for my work in this case is $750 per hour plus any direct
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`expenses incurred. My compensation is based solely on the amount of time that I devote to activity
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`related to this case and is in no way affected by any opinions that I render. I receive no other
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`compensation from work on this action. My compensation is not dependent on the outcome of this case.
`II.
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`LEGAL STANDARDS
`4.
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`Counsel for Finjan has informed me of the following legal standards that I have used as
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`a framework in forming my opinions contained herein.
`5.
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`I have been informed that claim construction is a legal issue for the Court to decide. I
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`also understand that the Court has not issued a claim construction order for the ’154 Patent in this case.
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`As such, I considered both parties’ proposed constructions of disputed terms and applied the plain and
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`ordinary meaning for all other terms.
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`1 All “Ex.” citations are to the Declaration of Kristopher Kastens (“Kastens Decl.”) filed herewith.
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`I have been informed that infringement is determined on a claim by claim basis. A
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`6.
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`product may infringe a claim either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.
`7.
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`I have been further informed that literal infringement is found if an accused product,
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`system or method meets each and every element of a single claim. Direct infringement is found if a
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`party, or its agents, makes, uses, sells, or offers for sale a product or system that contains all elements
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`of a claimed system or performs all of the steps of a claimed method. I have been informed that a party
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`can be found to use the patented system even if that party does not exercise physical or direct control
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`over every element of the system. I have been informed that for elements that are not subject to the
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`physical or direct control of the party, that party is still deemed to be using that component or part of
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`the patented system where the party (i) puts the component into service – that is, the party causes it to
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`work for its intended purpose and (ii) receives the benefit of that purpose. I have been informed that
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`direct infringement can be found in a multinational system claim where elements of such system are
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`located in multiple countries, when the place where control of the accused system is exercised and
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`where beneficial use of the system is obtained are both within the United States.
`8.
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`I have been informed that infringement under the doctrine of equivalents is found if an
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`accused product, system or process contains parts or steps that are identical or equivalent to each and
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`every element of a single claim. A part or step is equivalent if a person of ordinary skill in the art
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`(“POSITA”) would conclude that, at the time of infringement, the differences between the product or
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`method step and the claim element were not substantial. One common test to determine if the difference
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`between a component or method step and a claim element is not substantial is to determine whether the
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`component or step performs substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve
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`substantially the same result.
`9.
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`Based on review of the Asserted Patents and consideration of the abovementioned
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`factors, it is my opinion that a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention of the
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`Asserted Patents would be someone with a bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field, and
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`either (1) two or more years of industry experience and/or (2) an advanced degree in computer science
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`or related field. I understand that claim 1 of the ’154 Patent claims a priority date of December 12,
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`2005. But if the ’154 Patent is found to have another priority date it would not materially affect my
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`analysis.
`III.
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`SUMMARY OF DECLARATION
`10.
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`I have been asked by counsel for Finjan to consider if Juniper infringes claim 1 of the
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`’154 Patent. I have assumed that claim 1 of the ’154 Patent is valid and enforceable. I have not
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`considered damages related issues associated with this infringement.
`11.
`12.
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`The language of claim 1 is set forth in the ’154 Patent at 17:31-44.
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`I have been asked by counsel for Finjan to consider the following infringement scenarios
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`with respect to claim 1 of the ’154 Patent: (1) SRX Gateways (“SRX”) by themselves, (2) SkyATP by
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`itself, (3) ATP Appliance by itself. My opinion on the current product features is based on the
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`information available, including source code, release notes, Juniper’s documents, and deposition
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`testimonies of Juniper’s employees.
`IV. OVERVIEW OF THE ’154 PATENT
`13.
`The ’154 Patent describes protecting a computer system from dynamically generated
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`malicious content. See ’154 Patent, Abstract. Many types of documents (such as PDF, Office, HTML)
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`allow for generating content dynamically. As one example, a document may be embedded with a
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`JavaScript (“JS”) script, which is able to call a link from which to download a file. As another example,
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`an iFrame (which is another HTML document embedded into the main HTML page) inserts external
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`content into the main HTML page, and thereby allows for dynamically generated malicious content. As
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`a further example, an email or a document may include an HTTP link to a site. The HTTP link by
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`default is associated with an HTTP function (such as an HTTP GET request), which allows a computer
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`to automatically communicate with the site hosted by the HTTP link upon the activation of the HTTP
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`link.
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`14.
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`The ability to dynamically generate content allows malicious code to evade detection
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`through obfuscation. Obfuscation is a mechanism which allows malicious code to be encoded or
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`reformatted in a string that it appears to be benign, but the encoded or reformatted string is later decoded
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`or reformatted to generate the malicious code for execution. See ‘154 Patent at 3:31-64 (describing how
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`dynamically generated content would result in malicious code being inserted). Obfuscation is one way
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`in which activation of a seemingly benign link may result in malicious code being injected into a
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`document or causing a malware to be downloaded. Dynamically generated malicious content typically
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`comes in the form of a multi-stage attack such as a drive-by Download, or through a link on a webpage
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`or email. Ex. 15, FINJAN-JN 045339 at 41 (describing the mechanism of a drive-by Download attack);
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`FINJAN-JN 045326 at 29-30 (describing different ways ransomware infects a computing system). The
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`dynamically generated malicious code cannot be detected by conventional reactive content inspection or
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`gateway level analysis because the malicious code is not present in the content before runtime, which is
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`when the malicious code is generated. ’154 Patent at 3:65-4:8. Claim 1 of the ’154 Patent describes the
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`use of a content processor to process content which includes a call to a first function and the call has an
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`input. See id., Claim 1. The ’154 Patent also recites sending the input to a security computer for
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`inspection. See id. Claim 1 also recites invoking a second function with the input only if a security
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`computer indicates that it is safe to invoke the second function. Id. By utilizing “behavioral analysis
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`technologies,” Claim 1 of the ’154 Patent allows a security system to detect “day-zero” threats which
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`escape the detections by traditional security technologies.
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`“deception adapter” and a sandbox called “Joe Sandbox.”
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`n pipeline as the combination of the
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`CASE NO. 3:17-cv-05659-WHA
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`49.
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`The ATP appliance’s Smart Core processes content such as executables, pdf, office, and
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`I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States that the foregoing is true
`
`and correct. Executed on February 12, 2019 in Lexington, Massachusetts.
`
`Dr. Michael Mitzenmacher
`
`
`
`In accordance with Civil Local Rule 5-1(i)(3), I attest that concurrence in the filing of this
`document has been obtained from any other signatory to this document.
`/s/ Lisa Kobialka
`Lisa Kobialka
`
`
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`
`25
`
`26
`
`27
`
`28
`
`