Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 1 of 15
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
`AT SEATTLE
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`BUNGIE, INC., a Delaware corporation,
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`CASE NO. 2:21-cv-01114-TL
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`v.
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`Plaintiff,
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`MIHAI CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN, an
`individual, d/b/a
`VETERANCHEATS.COM, et al.,
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`
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`Defendants.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION
`FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT
`AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-
`FLORENTIN
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`This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiff Bungie, Inc.’s Motion for Default
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`Judgment against Defendant Mihai Claudiu-Florentin. Dkt. Nos. 37 (sealed), 38 (public). Having
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`reviewed the Motion, the Court GRANTS the Motion in part, ENTERS default judgment, and
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`PERMANENTLY ENJOINS Claudiu-Florentin on the terms specified below.
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`I.
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`BACKGROUND
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`Operating out of Bellevue, Washington, Bungie develops, distributes, and owns the
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`intellectual property rights to a video game called “Destiny 2.” Dkt. No. 18 ¶¶ 1, 8. Bungie
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`alleges that Claudiu-Florentin, a resident of Romania, developed and sold cheat software that
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 1
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 2 of 15
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`“hacks” the Destiny 2 software to allow players a competitive advantage against other players in
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`violation of Bungie’s software license agreement (“LSLA”). Id. ¶¶ 3–4. Claudiu-Florentin used
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`his website, Veterancheats.com, to market and sell the hack.1 Id. ¶¶ 33–37. Bungie alleges that
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`the VeteranCheats Hack infringes on four copyrights: (1) Destiny 2 code (a literary work),
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`registration No. TX 8-933-655; (2) Destiny 2: Beyond Light (a literary work) registration No.
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`TX 8-933-658; (3) Destiny 2 (audiovisual work) registration PA 2-282-670; and (4) Destiny 2:
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`Beyond Light (audiovisual work) registration PA 2-280-030. Id. ¶ 21. Bungie also alleges that
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`Claudiu-Florentin has used copyrighted imagery from Destiny 2 to sell the VeteranCheats Hack
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`without Bungie’s authorization. Id. ¶ 44. And Bungie alleges that the VeteranCheats Hack
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`breaches the LSLA and contains measures intended to avoid, bypass, and impair Bungie’s
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`technological measures that control access to the copyrighted works at issue in this case.
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`Id. ¶¶ 48–49.
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`Bungie asserts the following claims against Claudiu-Florentin: (1) copyright
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`infringement; (2) violations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”); (3) breach of
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`contract; (4) intentional interference with contractual relations; and (5) violations of the
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`Washington Consumer Protection Act (“CPA”). Id. ¶¶ 53–102. Bungie seeks entry of default
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`judgment on all claims, asking for judgment to be entered in the amount of $12,059,912.98. This
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`represents the sum of: (1) $11,696,000 in statutory damages under the DMCA; (2) $146,662.28
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`in actual damages for copyright infringement; and (3) $217,250.70 in attorneys’ fees and costs.
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`Bungie also asks for entry of a permanent injunction barring Claudiu-Florentin from engaging in
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`future or further conduct that forms the basis of its Copyright Act and DMCA claims in this
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`action.
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`1 The Court refers to Claudiu-Florentin’s hack as the VeteranCheats Hack.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 2
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 3 of 15
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`Bungie alleges that notwithstanding its anti-cheating efforts, the VeteranCheats Hack has
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`caused it harm by diminishing the enjoyment of the game for those not cheating and reducing its
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`potential revenue from in-game sales to players. Id. ¶¶ 29–32, 42, 49–51. Bungie’s Deputy
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`General Counsel, James Barker, also explains the nature of its anti-cheat circumvention efforts
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`and the “minimum of $2,000,000 on game security staffing and software” that it has expended to
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`combat the VeteranCheats Hack and other cheating devices of Destiny 2. Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶¶ 1, 6,
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`10, 17–25, 36. Through a subpoena of Stripe, Inc., Bungie obtained transactional data associated
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`with VeteranCheats which Barker avers shows 5,848 separate transactions of the VeteranCheats
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`Hack that produced $146,662.28 in sales revenue to Claudiu-Florentin from November 2020 to
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`July 2022. Id. ¶ 33.
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`A.
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`Legal Standard
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`II.
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`ANALYSIS
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`The Court has already found Claudiu-Florentin in default. Dkt. Nos. 25, 26, 29. After
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`entry of default, the Court may enter a default judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b). This
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`determination is discretionary. See Alan Neuman Prods., Inc. v. Albright, 862 F.2d 1388, 1392
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`(9th Cir. 1988). “Factors which may be considered by courts in exercising discretion as to the
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`entry of a default judgment include: (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits
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`of plaintiff's substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) the sum of money at
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`stake in the action; (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts; (6) whether the
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`default was due to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of
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`Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits.” Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471–72 (9th
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`Cir. 1986). In performing this analysis, “the general rule is that well-pled allegations in the
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`complaint regarding liability are deemed true.” Fair Hous. of Marin v. Combs, 285 F.3d 899, 906
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 3
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 4 of 15
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`(9th Cir. 2002) (quotation and citation omitted). And “[t]he district court is not required to make
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`detailed findings of fact.” Id.
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`B.
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`Jurisdiction
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`Before entering default judgment, the Court must assure itself that it has subject matter
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`jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction.
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`There is little doubt that the Court has subject matter jurisdiction over Bungie’s claims.
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`Bungie brings claims under various federal laws, which fall within the Court’s original
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`jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 28 U.S.C. § 1338(a). The Court has supplemental
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`jurisdiction over Bungie’s state-law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a).
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`The Court also finds that it has personal jurisdiction over Claudiu-Florentin. A valid
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`contractual forum selection clause to which a defendant has consented may satisfy personal
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`jurisdiction. See Holland Am. Line Inc. v. Wartsila N. Am., Inc., 485 F.3d 450, 458 (9th Cir.
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`2007) (noting that a forum selection clause may give rise to a waiver of objection provided the
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`defendant agreed to be bound). Bungie has provided evidence that Claudiu-Florentin agreed to
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`the terms of Bungie’s LSLA, which required Claudiu-Florentin to “agree to submit to the
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`personal jurisdiction of any federal or state court in King County, Washington.” Dkt.
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`No. 18 ¶ 13. The Court accepts as true that Claudiu-Florentin agreed to these terms, given the
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`well-pleaded allegations in the Amended Complaint. And the additional evidence submitted
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`strongly suggests that Claudiu-Florentin had to have agreed to the LSLA in order to develop and
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`refine the VeteranCheats Hack. Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶¶ 18–19.
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`C.
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`Eitel Factors Favor Default Judgment
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`The Court reviews the Eitel factors to assess whether default judgment should be entered
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`and in what specific amounts. The seven Eitel factors weigh in favor of entry of default judgment
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 5 of 15
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`in Bungie’s favor. But the Court finds that the judgment shall not be entered as to all claims or in
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`the full amount Bungie requests.
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`1.
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`Factor One: Prejudice to Bungie
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`Without entry of default judgment Bungie will be prejudiced. Bungie has attempted to
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`litigate this case and vindicate its rights under federal and state law against Claudiu-Florentin.
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`Claudiu-Florentin has failed to appear or participate in this litigation despite being personally
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`served. Bungie faces prejudice by not being able to obtain complete relief on its claims against
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`Claudiu-Florentin without entry of default judgment. This factor weighs in favor of granting
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`default judgment.
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`2.
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`Factors Two and Three: Merits of Bungie’s Claims and Sufficiency of
`Complaint
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`Bungie has demonstrated the merit of its claims and the sufficiency of the amended
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`complaint as to all but the CPA claim. The Court reviews each claim.
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`a.
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`Copyright Infringement
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`“To establish direct copyright infringement, the [plaintiff] must (1) show ownership of
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`the allegedly infringed material and (2) demonstrate that the alleged infringers violate at least
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`one exclusive right granted to copyright holders under 17 U.S.C. § 106.” Disney Enters., Inc. v.
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`VidAngel, Inc., 869 F.3d 848, 856 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation and quotation omitted). “To prove
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`‘willfulness’ under the Copyright Act, the plaintiff must show (1) that the defendant was actually
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`aware of the infringing activity, or (2) that the defendant's actions were the result of ‘reckless
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`disregard’ for, or ‘willful blindness’ to, the copyright holder’s rights.” Louis Vuitton Malletier,
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`S.A. v. Akanoc Sols., Inc., 658 F.3d 936, 944 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation and quotation omitted).
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`Bungie has sufficiently alleged a meritorious claim of willful copyright infringement.
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`Bungie has identified four copyright registrations for Destiny 2 both as an audiovisual work and
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 5
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 6 of 15
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`as software, establishing its ownership. Dkt. No. 18 ¶ 21; Dkt. No. 38-2 at 2–10. Bungie has
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`alleged and provided evidence that Claudiu-Florentin helped develop the VeteranCheats Hack
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`which directly infringed on Bungie’s copyrighted works in a variety of ways. Dkt. No. 18
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`¶¶ 33–41; Dkt. No. 38-16 at 2–9. And Bungie has provided cogent allegations and additional
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`evidence that Claudiu-Florentin’s infringement was willful. Dkt. No. 18 ¶¶ 60, 68, 78; Dkt.
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`No. 38-9 at 2–5; Dkt. No. 38-16 at 2–9.
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`The Court finds that entry of default judgment on these claims is proper.
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`b.
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`The Digital Millennium Copyright Act
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`The DMCA prohibits the circumvention of any technological measure that effectively
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`controls access to a protected work and grants copyright owners the right to enforce that
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`prohibition. 17 U.S.C. § 1201(a). Bungie may prove its claim under § 1201 by demonstrating
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`that Claudiu-Florentin: “(1) traffic[ked] in (2) a technology or part thereof (3) that is primarily
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`designed, produced, or marketed for, or has limited commercially significant use other than
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`(4) circumventing a technological measure (5) that effectively controls access (6) to a
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`copyrighted work.” MDY Indus., LLC v. Blizzard Ent., Inc., 629 F.3d 928, 953 (9th Cir. 2010), as
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`amended on denial of reh'g (Feb. 17, 2011), opinion amended and superseded on denial of reh’g,
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`No. 09-15932, 2011 WL 538748 (9th Cir. Feb. 17, 2011). Here, Bungie has provided allegations
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`and evidence that Claudiu-Florentin developed and designed the VeteranCheats Hack to
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`circumvent Bungie’s technological measures to protect its copyrighted works in violation of
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`§ 1201(a). Dkt. No. 18 ¶¶ 33–41, 48–49; Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶¶ 1, 6, 10, 17–25, 36; Dkt. No. 38-9
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`at 2–5; Dkt. No. 38-16 at 2–9. Claudiu-Florentin used the VeteranCheats Hack to bypass
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`Bungie’s control features and sell his product to the public at large. See Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶¶ 26–27,
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`31–33, Dkt. No. 38-6; Dkt. No. 38-7 ¶¶ 9–10; Dkt. Nos. 38-13–38-16. The Court finds that entry
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`of default judgment on these claims is proper.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 6
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 7 of 15
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`c.
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`Breach of Contract and Intentional Interference with Contractual
`Relationship
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`To prove a breach of contract, Bungie must demonstrate that the “contract imposes a
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`duty, the duty is breached, and the breach proximately causes damage to” it. See Nw. Indep.
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`Forest Mfrs. v. Dep’t of Lab. & Indus., 78 Wn. App. 707, 712 (1995). “A claim for tortious
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`interference with a contractual relationship or business expectancy requires five elements: (1) the
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`existence of a valid contractual relationship or business expectancy; (2) that defendants had
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`knowledge of that relationship; (3) an intentional interference inducing or causing a breach or
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`termination of the relationship or expectancy; (4) that defendants interfered for an improper
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`purpose or used improper means; and (5) resultant damage.” Leingang v. Pierce Cnty. Med.
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`Bureau, Inc., 131 Wn.2d 133, 157 (1997). “Intentional interference requires an improper
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`objective or the use of wrongful means that in fact cause injury to the person’s contractual
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`relationship.” Id.
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`Bungie has provided sufficient allegations and evidence that Claudiu-Florentin breached
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`the terms of the LSLA and tortiously interfered with Bungie’s contractual relationship with other
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`users of Destiny 2. Bungie has shown that Claudiu-Florentin violated the terms of the LSLA by
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`accessing Destiny 2 and the underlying software to create the VeteranCheats Hack. See Dkt.
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`No. 38-1 ¶¶ 26–31. And by selling the VeteranCheats Hack to other users of Destiny 2,
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`Claudiu-Florentin induced other users to violate the terms of the LSLA and interfere with
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`Bungie’s control of Destiny 2 and the gaming environment through which it intended to generate
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`revenue. And Bungie has shown that it suffered damages through this conduct by losing out on
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`in-game revenue and expending substantial sums to combat the VeteranCheats Hack. See Dkt.
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`No. 38-1 ¶¶ 32–37. The Court finds that entry of default judgment on these claims is proper.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 7
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 8 of 15
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`d.
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`CPA
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`To prevail on its CPA claim, Bungie must establish “(1) an unfair or deceptive act or
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`practice, (2) occurring in trade or commerce, (3) affecting the public interest, (4) injury to a
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`person’s business or property, and (5) causation.” Panag v. Farmers Ins. Co. of Wash., 166
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`Wn.2d 27, 37 (2009) (citing Hangman Ridge Training Stables, Inc. v. Safeco Title Ins. Co., 105
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`Wn.2d 778, 784 (1986)). “[A] claim under the Washington CPA may be predicated upon a per se
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`violation of statute, an act or practice that has the capacity to deceive substantial portions of the
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`public, or an unfair or deceptive act or practice not regulated by statute but in violation of public
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`interest.” Klem v. Wash. Mut. Bank, 176 Wn.2d 771, 787 (2013).
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`The Court remains unconvinced that Bungie has alleged a valid CPA claim. Specifically,
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`it has not provided evidence of an unfair or deceptive act that had the capacity to deceive a
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`substantial portion of the public. Bungie itself alleges that the VeteranCheats Hack cheat was
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`developed and sold as an express means to allow players to cheat in the Destiny 2 game. Dkt.
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`No. 18 ¶ 3. There are no cogent allegations or evidence that individuals who purchased the
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`VeteranCheats Hack cheat were deceived or that they did not intend to purchase a cheat-enabling
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`software. Bungie suggests that Claudiu-Florentin deceived consumers by charging “high prices”
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`for the cheat. Dkt. No. 38 at 17. But Bungie provides no evidence that the price was unfair or
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`deceptive. Even if it was, this conduct did not cause any damage or injury to Bungie. The Court
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`rejects Bungie’s request for entry of default judgment on this claim.
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`3.
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`Factor Four: Sum of Money at Stake
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`Given the substantial sums that are at stake and the seriousness of the alleged
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`misconduct, the Court finds that this Eitel factor favors entry of default judgment.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 8
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 9 of 15
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`4.
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`Factor Five: Possibility of Dispute of Material Facts
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`The Court finds little possibility that the core, material facts are in dispute. Not only has
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`Claudiu-Florentin failed to appear in this action, but Bungie has provided detailed evidence in
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`support of its claims that is likely difficult to be rebutted. This factor favors entry of default
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`judgment.
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`5.
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`Factor Six: Whether Default is Due to Excusable Neglect
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`There is no evidence that Claudiu-Florentin’s failure to appear is due to excusable
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`neglect. Evidence submitted by counsel shows that Claudiu-Florentin is aware of this action and
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`has chosen not to participate. See Dkt. No. 38-9 at 2–5. This factor favors entry of default
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`judgment.
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`6.
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`Factor Seven; Strong Policy in Favor of Decision on the Merits
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`The Court maintains a strong policy preference in favor of resolution of Bungie’s claims
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`on the merits. But Claudiu-Florentin’s decision not to appear in this case vitiates against this
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`policy. This factor weighs in favor of entry of default judgment.
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`Having considered and balanced the Eitel factors, the Court finds that entry of default
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`judgment is proper on all but the CPA claim. On this basis, the Court GRANTS in part Bungie’s
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`Motion for Default Judgment.
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`D.
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`Amount of the Default Judgment
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`Bungie asks the Court to award it: (1) $11,696,000 in statutory damages under the
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`DMCA; (2) $146,662.28 in actual damages related to its copyright claims; and (3) $217,250.70
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`in attorneys’ fees and costs. The Court agrees.
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`First, Bungie is entitled to statutory damages for Claudiu-Florentin’s violations of the
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`DMCA. Under the Act, the Court may award statutory damages “in the sum of not less than
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`$200 or more than $2,500 per act of circumvention, device, product, component, offer, or
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 9
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 10 of 15
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`performance of service, as the court considers just.” 17 U.S.C. § 1203(c)(3). Based on the
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`allegations in the amended complaint and the evidence provided, the Court is satisfied that
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`Claudiu-Florentin’s violations of the DMCA were willful and that an award of up to $2,500 per
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`download of the VeteranCheats Hack is “just.” See, e.g., Sony Computer Ent. Am., Inc. v.
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`Filipiak, 406 F. Supp. 2d 1068, 1075 (N.D. Cal. 2005) (finding that an award of $2,500 for the
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`willful sale of copyright infringing devices). Bungie has asked for only $2,000 for each of the
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`5,848 downloads of the VeteranCheats Hack and the Court finds that this amount is appropriate.
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`The Court will therefore enter default judgment in the amount of $11,696,000 for
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`Claudiu-Florentin’s violations of the DMCA.
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`Second, Bungie is entitled to recovery of actual damages for its Copyright Act claim.
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`See 17 U.S.C. § 504. Bungie seeks to recover what it claims to be Claudiu-Florentin’s profits
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`from the copyright infringement as permitted by 17 U.S.C. § 504(b). Bungie has provided
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`sufficient evidence to support this request, including accounting information from Stripe, as well
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`as Barker’s declaration which explains the basis for the calculation. Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶ 33; Dkt.
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`No. 38-6; Dkt. No. 38-7 ¶¶ 8-9.) The Court therefore awards $146,662.28 in actual damages for
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`the Copyright Act claim.
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`Third, Bungie is entitled to its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. Reasonable attorneys’
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`fees and costs are recoverable under the Copyright Act. See 17 U.S.C. § 505. “In deciding
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`whether to award attorneys’ fees, courts in this Circuit consider certain factors, including (1) the
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`degree of success obtained; [ (2) ] frivolousness; [ (3) ] motivation; [ (4) ] objective
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`unreasonableness (both in the factual and legal arguments in the case); and [ (5) ] the need in
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`particular circumstances to advance considerations of compensation and deterrence.” Halicki
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`Films, LLC v. Sanderson Sales & Mktg., 547 F.3d 1213, 1230 (9th Cir. 2008) (quotation and
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`citation omitted). Here, the Court finds that all five factors favor an award of attorneys’ fees and
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 10
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 11 of 15
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`costs. And it finds the requested amounts to be reasonable. The Court therefore approves the
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`award of $217,250.70 in attorneys’ fees and costs. See Dkt. No. 38-1 ¶ 37.
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`In total, the Court directs entry of default judgment in the amount of $12,059,912.98.
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`E.
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`Injunctive Relief
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`The Court finds it appropriate to enter a permanent injunction against Claudiu-Florentin
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`on the majority of the terms Bungie requests. The Court notes that Bungie has requested an
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`injunction that extends to its software beyond Destiny 2 and includes broad language about its
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`affiliates, parents, and subsidiaries. The Court has limited the injunction to the Destiny 2 game,
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`which is the sole game at issue with regard to Bungie’s Copyright Act and DMCA claims. And
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`the Court has limited the injunction to Bungie rather than any subsidiaries, parents, and affiliates,
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`given that this action was brought solely by Bungie, Inc. and no other entities.
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`“As a general rule, a permanent injunction will be granted when liability has been
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`established and there is a threat of continuing violations.” MAI Sys. Corp. v. Peak Computer,
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`Inc., 991 F.2d 511, 520 (9th Cir. 1993). And under the Copyright Act the Court may “grant
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`temporary and final injunctions on such terms at it may deem reasonable to prevent or restrain
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`infringement of a copyright.” 17 U.S.C. § 502(a). A plaintiff seeking permanent injunctive relief
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`must demonstrate: “(1) that it has suffered an irreparable injury; (2) that remedies available at
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`law, such as monetary damages, are inadequate to compensate for that injury; (3) that,
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`considering the balance of hardships between the plaintiff and defendant, a remedy in equity is
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`warranted; and (4) that the public interest would not be disserved by a permanent injunction.”
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`eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388, 391 (2006).
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`The Court finds that all four eBay factors favor entry of a permanent injunction. First,
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`based on the admitted allegations in the amended complaint, Claudiu-Florentin’s copyright
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`infringement has caused irreparable harm to Bungie’s goodwill and reputation and has caused it
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 11
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 12 of 15
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`to incur expenses to prevent further damage from cheat software. Second, Bungie has shown that
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`monetary damages alone will not prevent Claudiu-Florentin from engaging in further abusive
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`conduct. Given Claudiu-Florentin’s decision not to appear in this case, there can be no
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`assurances that Claudiu-Florentin will no longer engage in the conduct at issue in this case. This
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`satisfies the Court that monetary damages alone are insufficient. Third, the equities favor Bungie,
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`who seeks to enjoin Claudiu-Florentin from engaging in illegal conduct that benefits only
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`Claudiu-Florentin. This favors Bungie and the requested injunction. Fourth, an injunction
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`prohibiting Claudiu-Florentin from engaging in further conduct that infringes on Bungie’s
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`copyrights will serve the public interest. The Court GRANTS the Motion and ENTERS the
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`following PERMANENT INJUNCTION against Claudiu-Florentin as follows:
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`1.
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`Claudiu-Florentin, all persons acting under Claudiu-Florentin’s direction or
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`control (including but not limited to Claudiu-Florentin’s agents, representatives, and employees),
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`and those persons or companies in active concert or participation with Claudiu-Florentin who
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`receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise, must immediately and
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`permanently cease and desist from any of the following:
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`a.
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`Taking any steps on Claudiu-Florentin’s own behalf or assisting others in:
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`(i) creating, distributing, advertising, marketing or otherwise making available; obtaining,
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`possessing, accessing or using; promoting, advertising, or encouraging or inducing others to
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`purchase or use (including via any social media account, website, or video-sharing account);
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`(ii) selling, reselling, or processing payments for; (iii) assisting in any way with the development
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`of; sharing, copying, transferring, or distributing; (iv) publishing or distributing any source code
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`or instructional material for the creation of; (v) or operating, assisting, promoting or linking to
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`any website designed to provide information to assist others in accessing, developing or
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`obtaining: (A) the Destiny 2 Software Module, either alone, or in conjunction with the
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 12
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 13 of 15
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`Defendant’s Software; or (B) any software whose use infringes Intellectual Property owned or
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`controlled by Bungie, circumvents technological measures that effectively control access to
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`Destiny 2, violates Bungie’s licensing agreements, assists players of Destiny 2 in violating
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`Bungie’s licensing agreements, or is designed to exploit or enable the exploitation of Destiny 2.
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`b.
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`Investing or holding any financial interest in any enterprise, product, or company
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`which Claudiu-Florentin knows or has reason to know is now, or intends in the future to be,
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`engaged in any of the foregoing activities prohibited by this Default Judgment and Permanent
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`Injunction.
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`c.
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`Reverse engineering, decompiling, packet editing, or otherwise manipulating
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`Destiny 2 without authorization, or providing any assistance to any person or entity engaged in
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`such activities.
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`2.
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`The Court further enjoins Claudiu-Florentin and all third parties acting in concert
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`and participation with Claudiu-Florentin, including but not limited to any domain name registrars
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`or registries holding or listing any of Claudiu-Florentin’s websites or storefronts, from
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`supporting or facilitating access to any and all domain names, URLs, and websites (including,
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`but not limited to, insert sites), including any and all future and successor domain names, URLs,
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`and websites, through which Claudiu-Florentin traffics circumvention devices that threaten
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`Bungie’s technological protection measures or which infringe Bungie’s Intellectual Property
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`rights identified in this action.
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`3.
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`Claudiu-Florentin is prohibited from using any social network, video sharing, or
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`digital messaging accounts under their control (including, but not limited to, Facebook, groups or
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`chats on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Tik Tok, Discord, GBATemp, Reddit, Telegram, Skype,
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`WeChat, WhatsApp, Signal, or their equivalent) to provide any content relating to the
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`distribution, marketing, offering for sale, or promotion of the VeteranCheats Hack or any other
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 13
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 14 of 15
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`software whose use infringes any of Bungie’s Intellectual Property rights specified in this action,
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`circumvents Bungie’s technological measures that effectively control access to Destiny 2, or
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`violates (or assists players of Destiny 2 in violating) Bungie’s license agreements, and must take
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`all necessary steps to remove any information on any non-dedicated (e.g., personal) social
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`network accounts under Claudiu-Florentin’s control used to distribute or promote any of the
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`foregoing.
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`4.
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`Claudiu-Florentin is further prohibited from engaging in any other violation of the
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`Digital Millennium Copyright Act or the Copyright Act, or any other federal or state law, with
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`respect to Bungie and its intellectual property at issue in this action.
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`5.
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`Claudiu-Florentin must destroy the Destiny 2 Software Module or any software
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`that in any way interacts with or pertains to Bungie’s Intellectual Property.
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`6.
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`This permanent injunction constitutes a binding court order, and any violations of
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`this order by Claudiu-Florentin will subject them to the full scope of this Court’s contempt
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`authority, including punitive, coercive, and monetary sanctions.
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`7.
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`Any company or entity that any of Claudiu-Florentin controls in the future will
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`also comply with the provisions of this Default Judgment and Permanent Injunction.
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`8.
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`This permanent injunction is binding against Claudiu-Florentin worldwide,
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`without regard to the territorial scope of the specific intellectual property rights asserted in the
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`Amended Complaint and may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction wherever
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`Claudiu-Florentin or his assets may be found.
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`9.
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`Nothing contained in this Default Judgment and Permanent Injunction limits the
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`right of the Bungie to seek relief, including without limitation damages, for any infringements of
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`any Intellectual Property rights occurring after the date of this Judgment and Permanent
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`Injunction.
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 14
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`Case 2:21-cv-01114-TL Document 45 Filed 04/27/23 Page 15 of 15
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`10.
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`The Court finds there is no just reason for delay in entering this Default Judgment
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`and Permanent Injunction and, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 54, the Court directs
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`the entry of this Default Judgment and Permanent Injunction against Defendants.
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`III.
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`CONCLUSION
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`The Court finds that default judgment is appropriately entered in Bungie’s favor as to all
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`but the CPA claim. The Court finds that damages shall be entered in the amount of:
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`(1) $11,696,000 for violations of the DMCA; (2) $146,662.28 for violations of the Copyright
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`Act; and (3) $217,250.70 in attorneys’ fees and in costs. The total award shall be entered in the
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`amount of $12,059,912.98. The Court also finds that entry of a permanent injunction on the
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`terms specified above is appropriate and necessary. On these grounds, the Court GRANTS in part
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`the Motion for Default Judgment, ENTERS default judgment, and PERMANENTLY ENJOINS
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`Claudiu-Florentin on the terms specified above.
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`Dated this 27th day of April 2023.
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`Tana Lin
`A
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`United States District Judge
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`AMENDED ORDER ON MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT AGAINST DEFENDANT CLAUDIU-FLORENTIN - 15
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