Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 1 of 12
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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`
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`EPIC GAMES, INC.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`
`vs.
`
`APPLE INC.,
`
`Defendant.
`AND RELATED COUNTERCLAIM
`
`Case No. 4:20-cv-05640-YGR
`
`TRIAL ORDER NO. 4 RE:
`(1) ADMINISTRATIVE MOTIONS TO SEAL;
`AND (2) PARTIAL RULING ON EXPERT
`OBJECTIONS
`
`
`Re: Dkt. Nos. 489, 509, 518, 520
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`TO ALL PARTIES AND COUNSEL OF RECORD:
`The Court issues this Order with respect to several items on the docket:
`1. Administrative Motions to Seal Expert Written Direct Examination
`The Court is in receipt of various motions to seal portions of the parties’ expert written
`direct examinations. Having carefully considered the parties’ arguments, supporting declarations,
`and declarations filed by third parties, the Court finds as follows:1
`Expert Written Direct
`Paragraph or Footnote
`Number
`
`Affected Party
`
`Ruling
`
`Epic Games’ Motion to Seal (Dkt. No. 509)2
`DENY. IDC files no supporting
`Evans Opening 43
`IDC
`declaration to justify sealing.
`DENY. IDC files no supporting
`Evans Opening FN3
`Apple, IDC
`
`
`1 As with the prior motions to seal, if the Court chooses to unseal material for use at trial, it
`will give the parties a chance to respond. Where this Order seals a cited exhibit, the sealing shall
`apply to the underlying exhibit, not the citation.
`2 The Court addressed sealing of the written direct examination of Epic Games’ expert Mr.
`Barnes in an earlier order. (See Dkt. No. 548.)
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 2 of 12
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`Evans Opening 51
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`Samsung
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`Evans Opening FN5
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`Samsung
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`Evans Opening 53
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`App Annie
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`Evans Opening 74
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`Evans Opening 79
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`IDC
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`IDC
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`Evans Opening 80
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`App Annie
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`Evans Opening 81
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`IDC
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`Evans Opening 88
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`Google
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`Evans Opening FN27
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`Evans Opening 107
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`Evans Opening 141
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`Evans Opening 149
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`Evans Opening FN46
`
`Google
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`Microsoft
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`Apple
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`declaration to justify sealing.
`Apple does not seek to seal.
`DENY. Samsung files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).
`DENY. Samsung files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).
`DENY. App Annie files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).3
`DENY. IDC files no supporting
`declaration. See Civ. L. R. 79-
`5(e)(2).
`DENY. IDC files no supporting
`declaration. See Civ. L. R. 79-
`5(e)(2).
`DENY. App Annie files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).
`DENY. IDC files no supporting
`declaration. See Civ. L. R. 79-
`5(e)(2).
`GRANT to the extent shown in Dkt.
`No. 535-1. This contains Google’s
`confidential business information,
`including internal surveys and
`analysis, which competitively
`harm Google through disclosure.
`(Dkt. No. 535 ¶ 7.) Google only
`requests sealing specific numbers
`based on its survey data, which
`makes the request narrowly
`tailored.
`DENY. Google does not seek to
`seal.
`DENY. Microsoft does not seek to
`seal.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This concerns Mr. Barnes’
`analysis of Apple’s profitability,
`
`
`3 App Annie had earlier filed a motion to seal certain exhibits, but did not seek to seal the
`expert written direct examinations then pending.
`
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`-2-
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 3 of 12
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`Evans Opening Table 3
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`Evans Opening 153
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`Evans Opening FN47
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`Evans Opening FN48
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`Evans Opening FN49
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`Evans Opening FN50
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`Evans Opening Figure 2
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`Evans Opening 154
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`Evans Opening FN51
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`Evans Opening FN52
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`Evans Opening 172
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`Evans Opening 173
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`Evans Opening FN65
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Valve
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`Valve
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`Valve
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`Evans Opening 177
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`Microsoft, Valve
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`Evans Opening 182
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`Evans Opening 183
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`Evans Opening 184
`Evans Opening FN74
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
`Apple
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`-3-
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`not Apple’s internal data. The
`Court has already unsealed this
`data. (See Dkt. No. 548.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT as to number. This
`contains Apple’s confidential
`financial information. (See Dkt.
`No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Valve’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 569 ¶ 10.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Valve’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 569 ¶ 11.)
`Microsoft does not seek to seal.
`GRANT as to last sentence only.
`This contains Apple’s confidential
`financial information. (See Dkt.
`No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 4 of 12
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`Evans Opening Figure 3
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening 188
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening Table 7
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening 189
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`Evans Opening FN77
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`Evans Opening Figure 4
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`Evans Opening FN105
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`Evans Opening 229
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening Figure 5
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening FN108
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`Evans Opening 241
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`Apple
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`Match
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`Evans Opening 242
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`Microsoft
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`Evans Opening 270(i)
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`Apple
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`Evans Opening Table 8
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`Apple, App Annie
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`Evans Opening 288
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`Apple
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`-4-
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`confidential information.
`DENY. This contains primarily
`historical confidential information
`that does not outweigh its
`relevance to the case.
`DENY. This contains primarily
`historical confidential information
`that does not outweigh its
`relevance to the case.
`DENY. This contains primarily
`historical confidential information
`that does not outweigh its
`relevance to the case.
`DENY. This contains primarily
`historical confidential information
`that does not outweigh its
`relevance to the case.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential technical information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential technical information
`that could be used to evade
`security protocols if disclosed.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Match’s
`confidential business information
`that could cause competitive harm
`to Match. (See Dkt. No. 570 ¶ 5.)
`DENY. Microsoft does not seek to
`seal.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 5 of 12
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`Evans Opening 295
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`Evans Opening FN126
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`Rossi Opening 49
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Cragg Rebuttal 9
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`Spotify
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`Cragg Rebuttal 56
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 4
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`Cragg Rebuttal 57
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`Cragg Rebuttal 65
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`Cragg Rebuttal 69
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`Cragg Rebuttal 70
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 8
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`Cragg Rebuttal 71
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`Cragg Rebuttal FN10
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`-5-
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`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT as to number only. This
`contains Apple’s confidential
`financial information. (See Dkt.
`No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT as to bullet 3 after
`“Moreover.” This discloses
`Spotify’s confidential business
`information and could harm
`Spotify in negotiations with
`content owners and distributors.
`(Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 7.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. Spotify does not seek to
`seal.
`DENY. Spotify does not seek to
`seal.
`GRANT as to clause beginning with
`“which it estimates.” This
`discloses Spotify’s confidential
`marketing spending data that could
`harm Spotify competitively by
`informing competitors’ business
`decisions. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 14.)
`GRANT. This discloses Spotify’s
`confidential business data that
`could harm Spotify competitively
`if disclosed. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 15.)
`The relevant portion of the
`information is already disclosed in
`the paragraphs 70 and 71.
`GRANT. This discloses Spotify’s
`confidential business data that
`could harm Spotify competitively
`if disclosed. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 15.)
`DENY. Spotify does not seek to
`seal.
`
`

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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 6 of 12
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`Cragg Rebuttal 94
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 18
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`Cragg Rebuttal 95
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 19
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`Cragg Rebuttal 99
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 21
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`Cragg Rebuttal 100
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 22
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`Cragg Rebuttal 102
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 23
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`Cragg Rebuttal 103
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 24
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`Cragg Rebuttal 105
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`Cragg Rebuttal Figure 25
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`Evans Rebuttal Table of
`Contents
`Evans Rebuttal 2
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`Apple
`
`Apple
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`Apple, App Annie
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`App Annie
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Evans Rebuttal FN11
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`Samsung
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`-6-
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`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information. App
`Annie files no supporting
`declaration.
`DENY. App Annie files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT as to numerical reference
`only. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT as to phrase beginning
`with “as of 2019” only. This
`contains Apple’s confidential
`financial information. (See Dkt.
`No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. Dr. Hitt discloses the same
`type of analysis and data.
`DENY. Dr. Hitt discloses the same
`type of analysis and data.
`DENY. Dr. Hitt discloses the same
`type of analysis and data.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. Samsung files no
`supporting declaration. See Civ. L.
`R. 79-5(e)(2).
`
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 7 of 12
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`Evans Rebuttal 34
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`Apple, Google
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`Evans Rebuttal FN34
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`Google
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`Evans Rebuttal FN 38
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`Evans Rebuttal 36
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`Evans Rebuttal 40
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`Evans Rebuttal 42
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`Evans Rebuttal 43
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`Evans Rebuttal 44
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`Evans Rebuttal 45
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`Evans Rebuttal FN50
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`Evans Rebuttal FN52
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`Evans Rebuttal FN54
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`Evans Rebuttal 46
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`Evans Rebuttal 47
`
`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`-7-
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`DENY. This contains no
`confidential information that
`outweighs the public interest in
`disclosure.
`DENY. This contains no
`confidential information that
`outweighs the public interest in
`disclosure.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information. The
`mere existence of P&L statements
`is not confidential.
`DENY. This information is general
`and highly relevant to the claims.
`DENY. The existence of P&L
`statements and other profit
`calculations are not sealable.
`GRANT as to numerical reference
`only. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information
`that can be referred to generally.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT as to sentence beginning
`with “Apple’s internal profitability
`benchmarking analysis shows, as
`well as the sentence following.
`This contains Apple’s confidential
`financial information that can be
`referred to generally. (See Dkt.
`No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 8 of 12
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`Evans Rebuttal 49
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`Evans Rebuttal FN58
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`Evans Rebuttal FN59
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`Evans Rebuttal 52
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`Evans Rebuttal FN65
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`Evans Rebuttal 64
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`Evans Rebuttal 71
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`Evans Rebuttal 74
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`Lee Rebuttal 35
`Lee Rebuttal FN18
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`Lee Rebuttal 63
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`Lee Rebuttal FN30
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`Lee Rebuttal 67
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`Lee Rebuttal 68
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`Lee Rebuttal FN37
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`Lee Rebuttal FN38
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`Lee Rebuttal FN39
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`Lee Rebuttal 99
`
`Lee Rebuttal FN76
`
`Lee Rebuttal 119
`
`Lee Rebuttal FN89
`
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. Valve does not seek to
`seal.
`DENY. Valve does not seek to
`seal.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`GRANT as to the clause after the
`colon only. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This information has
`already been disclosed by Barnes.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`DENY. Apple does not request
`sealing. (See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 17.)
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Valve
`
`Valve
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
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`-8-
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`

`

`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 9 of 12
`
`Mathiowetz Rebuttal 12
`
`Mathiowetz Rebuttal 70
`
`Hitt 61
`
`Hitt 117
`
`Hitt 184
`
`Hitt Figure 46
`
`Hitt 187
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`Hitt 209-11
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`Hitt 213
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`Hitt 260
`
`Hitt Figure 4
`
`Hitt Figure 5
`
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 540 ¶ 18.)
`DENY. This reveals no
`Apple
`Mathiowetz Rebuttal 71
`confidential information.
`Apple’s Motion to Seal (Dkt. No. 489)
`DENY. This concerns a third-
`party’s study of the gaming
`industry.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 489-1 ¶ 8.)
`GRANT as to the number shown at
`the end of the paragraph. This
`discloses Google’s confidential
`financial data that could harm
`Google competitively if disclosed.
`(Dkt. No. 535 ¶ 8.)
`GRANT. This discloses Google’s
`confidential financial data that
`could harm Google if disclosed.
`(Dkt. No. 535 ¶ 8.)
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential financial information.
`(See Dkt. No. 489-1 ¶ 8.)
`GRANT as to the numbers cited in
`Dkt. No. 535-2. This discloses
`Google’s confidential internal
`analyses. (Dkt. No. 535 ¶ 8.)
`While highly relevant, the specific
`numbers are not necessary to
`understand the analysis.
`DENY. This information is highly
`relevant to the case and Google
`does not articulate concrete
`competitive harm from disclosure.
`DENY. This contains no
`confidential information as to
`Nintendo.
`GRANT. This discloses Microsoft’s
`confidential business data. (Dkt.
`No. 567.) The Court granted to
`seal the underlying agreement.
`GRANT. This discloses Roblox’
`confidential business data. (Dkt.
`No. 573.) The Court granted to
`seal the underlying agreement.
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Apple
`
`Google
`
`Google
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`Apple
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`Google
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`Google
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`Nintendo
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`Microsoft, Nintendo
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`Roblox
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 10 of 12
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`Hitt Figure 22
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`Hitt Figure 23
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`Hitt Figure 24
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`Hitt Figure 25
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`Hitt Figure 27
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`Hitt Figure 47
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`GRANT. This reveals Spotify’s
`confidential financial information
`the disclosure of which could
`disadvantage Spotify in
`negotiations, such as with
`advertisers. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 9.)
`The relevant aspect of the
`information is disclosed in
`paragraph 102, which reduces the
`public’s need to know the specific
`numbers.
`GRANT. This reveals Spotify’s
`confidential business information
`the disclosure of which could
`disadvantage Spotify in
`negotiations, such as with
`advertisers. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 11.)
`The relevant aspect of the
`information is disclosed in
`paragraph 102, which reduces the
`public’s need to know the specific
`numbers.
`GRANT. This reveals Spotify’s
`confidential financial information
`the disclosure of which could
`disadvantage Spotify in
`negotiations, such as with
`advertisers. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 9.)
`The relevant aspect of the
`information is disclosed in
`paragraph 103, which reduces the
`public’s need to know the specific
`numbers.
`GRANT. This reveals Spotify’s
`confidential financial information
`the disclosure of which could
`disadvantage Spotify in
`negotiations, such as with
`advertisers. (Dkt. No. 575 ¶ 12.)
`The relevant aspect of the
`information is disclosed in
`paragraph 104, which reduces the
`public’s need to know the specific
`numbers.
`DENY. This reveals no
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 489-1 ¶ 10.)
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`Apple, Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Spotify
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`-10-
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`

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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 11 of 12
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`Schmalensee 95
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`Schmalensee 170
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`LaFontaine 100
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`Rubin 57
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`Apple
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`Apple
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`Google
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`Google
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`DENY. This refers to Dr. Evans’
`hypothetical analysis of Apple’s
`profits and does not disclose any
`confidential information.
`GRANT. This contains Apple’s
`confidential business information.
`(See Dkt. No. 489-1 ¶ 8.)
`GRANT. as shown in Dkt. No. 535-
`3. This concerns Google’s
`confidential internal analyses data
`analysis. (Dkt. No. 535 ¶ 9.)
`GRANT as to the first two
`sentences and the last sentence
`only. This concerns Google’s
`internal review process and app
`store security statistics. While
`highly relevant to the present case
`as providing comparison with a
`key competitor, Google is a third-
`party whose conduct is not at issue
`in this case. Disclosure of the
`information could allow malicious
`actors to exploit security risks in
`Google’s process and thus cause
`substantial harm. (Dkt. No. 535 ¶
`10.)
`
`Written testimony of each expert shall not post until the witness takes the stand. Before
`posting the written testimony, the parties shall provide to the Court a highlighted version of the
`redactions. The parties shall meet and confer regarding the timing of the exchange.
`2. Objections to Written Direct Testimony
`The Court is further in receipt of several objections to the expert written direct testimony.
`(Dkt. Nos. 518, 520.) Apple’s objections to Dr. Athey are OVERRULED as the testimony does not
`constitute additional opinions. Apple’s objections to Prof. Mickens are OVERRULED as being
`overly technical and harmless. Apple’s objections to Dr. Evans are OVERRULED as to paragraphs
`48-50 and SUSTAINED as to paragraph 39. That testimony shall be struck from the written direct
`examination. Apple’s objections to Dr. Cragg are SUSTAINED as to the “coefficients” discussion
`in paragraph 26 and OVERRULED as to the rest.
`//
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`Case 4:20-cv-05640-YGR Document 614 Filed 05/09/21 Page 12 of 12
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` The Court shall address the remaining objections in a separate order.
`This Order terminates docket numbers 489 and 509.
`IT IS SO ORDERED.
`
`May 9, 2021
`Dated:
`
` YVONNE GONZALEZ ROGERS
`UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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