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`About
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`About SAE International
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`SAE International is a global associat on of more than 138,000 engineers and related techn cal experts in the aerospace, automotive and commercial-vehicle
`industries. Read More
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`SAE International Releases Test Results of the Low GWP Refrigerant for Mobile Air-Conditioning
`
`WARRENDALE, Pa., Nov. 10, 2009 - A Cooperative Research Program conducted through SAE International to investigate the safety and environmental performance of a new
`refrigerant for mobile air conditioning systems, announced today the successful completion of its research Based on these results, the sponsors of the SAE CRP1234 have
`concluded that HFO-1234yf can be used as the global replacement refrigerant in future mobile air conditioning systems From the evaluation and test results it has been concluded
`that HFO-1234yf can be safely accommodated through established industry standards and practices for vehicle design, engineering, manufacturing, and service
`
`The report is the third SAE report to evaluate the new refrigerant The recent two-year long global research program was to determine the safety and environmental characteristics
`of HFO-1234yf These investigations have confirmed that HFO-1234yf is an environmentally friendly refrigerant suitable for use in direct expansion Mobile Air Conditioning
`(MAC) systems HFO-1234yf is a non Ozone Depleting Substance with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 4 In comparison, the current refrigerant, R-134a, has a GWP of
`1430
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`As part of the studies the automotive industry conducted evaluations on a variety of vehicle applications Additional testing and research was conducted at internationally
`recognized laboratories to verify worldwide acceptance for one common global replacement refrigerant The vehicle OEMs evaluated the investigations conducted by Gradient
`LLC (USA), Exponent Engineering and Scientific Consulting (USA), Creative Thermal Solutions [CTS] (USA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques
`[INERIS] (France), – Institut fur Luft und Kältetechnik - Dresden [ILK- Dresden] (Germany), TNO (The Netherlands), Underwriters Laboratories (USA), WIL Research
`Laboratories (USA), Det Norske Veritas (Norway/Japan), Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences (USA) and Hughes Associates Inc in USA
`
`The results from the CRP1234 programs that investigated the new refrigerant for use in mobile air conditioning systems (cars and light trucks) are available on-line at
`http://www sae org/standardsdev/tsb/cooperative/crp1234-3 pdf
`
`Extensive testing supported by multimillion dollar (USA) funding and in-kind support for SAE CRP1234 projects has been provided by 15 vehicle OEMs (from China, France,
`Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Sweden, UK, and USA,) and 18 Tier one suppliers (from Asia, Europe, and USA)
`
`SAE International is a global association of more than 121,000 engineers and related technical experts in the automotive, aerospace and commercial-vehicle industries SAE
`International's core competencies are life-long learning and standards development SAE International's charitable arm is the SAE Foundation, which supports many programs,
`including A World in Motion® and the Collegiate Design Series
`
`- www sae org -
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`©2016 SAE Internat onal. All rights reserved.
`
`https://www.sae.org/news/1109/
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`2/8/2016
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`Arkema Exhibit 1089
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