SAE /nternat/'ona/ C"
`
`“The society dedicated to advancing mobility engineering worldwide”
`
`FACTS
`
`Cooperative Research Program
`
`Project Summary
`Alternative Refrigerants
`
`Purpose
`With the emergence of new and uncertain worldwide
`environmental regulations governing the use of HFC
`134a in vehicle air conditioning (A/C) systems, as
`used throughout the global automotive industry, the
`supply chain was faced an extraordinary challenge.
`As changing regulations would likely cause new
`designs and systems to be adopted, this was to
`impact significantly the investment in research,
`design, development, and testing of new systems.
`
`The issue was one faced by many organizations
`making it a candidate for a joint venture research
`projects where two or more organizations pool their
`resources to study a pre-competitive technical area
`and share in the results. SAE was looked to for its
`
`Cooperative Research Program capabilities and for
`its leadership role in mobile A/C standards.
`
`Project Scope
`The full effort consisted of three research projects
`(I-MAC, CRP150, and CRP1234yf), as described
`below, to optimize current HFC 134a based
`systems and to test and evaluate new alternative
`refrigerant systems.
`
`I-MAC
`
`The I-MAC (Improved Mobile Air Conditioning)
`project was divided into three undertakings, each
`to conduct studies and testing to develop and
`
`prove out design concepts that would:
`0 Cut emissions of HFC134a in mobile A/C
`
`0
`
`systems by 50%
`Improve efficiency of HFC134a systems
`by 30%
`0 Reduce vehicle heat loads by 30%
`CRP15O
`
`The CRP 150 project investigated four viable
`alternative refrigerants to HFC134a with a Global
`
`Warming Potential of less than 150 to provide
`test results that would aid participants in future
`design and business decisions. The research and
`testing was carried out in three phases:
`0
`Toxicology and risk assessments
`0 Chemical and material compatibility
`0
`System efficiency issues
`
`CRP1234yf
`As a result of the CRP15O project findings, a new
`candidate refrigerant HFO1 234yf was developed
`and presented an alternative. This new
`refrigerant received the same toxicology and risk,
`chemical and material compatibility, and system
`efficiency testing protocols developed in the
`CRP150 project. A work-in-progress, testing of
`HFO1234yf continues through the fourth quarter
`of 2008.
`
`Participants
`Invited for participation were OEMs from the USA,
`Europe, Japan, Korea and India, air conditioning
`component suppliers, chemical manufacturers who
`supply refrigerant products and environmental
`government agencies such as the US EPA. On the
`following page is a list of participants for each
`project, I-MAC, CRP150, and CRP1234yf.
`
`Role of SAE
`
`Project management
`0 Provide a legal framework for industry
`discussion, meeting space and meeting
`facilitation
`
`0 Establish project milestones and schedules
`0 Provide oversight to ensure confidentiality of
`proprietary information
`0 Develop, execute and monitor strict non-
`disclosure agreements and procedures;
`code test results and components
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`Subcontract administration
`
`Identify key testing organizations
`0
`0 Acquire proposals and bids from subcontractors
`0 Develop and administer contracts with all testing
`subcontractors; monitor deliverables and schedules
`
`Organization of funding and fiscal management
`0 Budget development
`0 Prepare required agreements to obtain funding
`0 Solicit funding among prospective participants
`0 Develop proposals for and acquire government
`funding
`0 Establish escrow accounts, account for all funding,
`and disburse project funds as required
`
`Subcontractor/Partner/Affiliate Organizations
`Testing and lab facilities
`0 Creative Thermal Solutions
`
`Delphi
`GM
`
`NREL (National Renewable Energy Labs Participants
`University of Illinois
`
`Toxicology and risk assessments
`0 Gradient Corporation
`0 US Army
`
`Chemical and materials compatibility
`0
`ILK-Dresden
`
`0 Spauschus Associates
`
`Final Deliverables
`
`Project results were delivered to participants on CD-ROM
`and through private and secure website postings. More than
`662 reports were prepared for both for common use and
`proprietary to individual companies including over 480 data
`reports, photos, and videos. Presentations were delivered
`to a broader industry audience via conferences and other
`venues including the 2007 and 2008 SAE Alternative
`Refrigerant Symposium.
`
`Budget
`0
`I-MAC: $1.76 million
`0 CRP150: $1.6 million
`
`0 CRPl234y‘l 1 $880,030
`
`Project Timelines
`0
`I-MAC: September 2004 through August 2007
`0 CRP150: September 2006 through March 2008
`0 CRP1234yf: October 2007 through fourth quarter, 2008
`
`Project Participants
`
`Air International
`Thermal
`
`Arkema
`
`Audi
`Behr
`
`Bergstrom
`BMW
`
`Chrysler LLC
`Daimler
`
`DaimlerChrysler
`
`Dayco
`Delphi
`Denso
`
`Dow
`
`DuPont
`
`Eaton
`
`FIAT Group
`Ford
`
`Freudenberg
`Fujikoki America
`General Motors
`
`Goodyear
`Honeywell
`Hutchinson
`Ineos Fluor America
`
`Japan Fluor Mfg.
`Maflow S.p.A.
`Manuli
`Modine
`Nissan
`
`Opel
`Parker Hannifin
`
`Corp.
`Porsche
`
`PSA Peugot Citreon
`Renault
`
`Sanden
`
`Sanyo
`Solvay
`Toyota
`Trelleborg Sealing
`Solutions
`U.S. EPA
`
`Valeo
`
`Viking Plastics
`Visteon
`
`Volkswagen
`Volvo
`
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